CSE 502 Au07

1
CSE 502 Au07

• Object-Oriented Programmingwith Java Eclipse
• Dr. Bob Mathis
• http//www.cse.ohio-state.edu/bmathis
• mailtobmathis_at_cse.ohio-state.edu?subject502
• Mon, Wed 430p 548p, DL 317, schedule
• Graduate level course
• Higher level approach to program development
• Diversity in individual goals
• Group discussion and reporting
• Ill be glad to explain whatever I can

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NEW UNIVERSITY EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION PLAN

• Ohio State has a number of ways to communicate
  with faculty, staff, students and parents in the
  event of an urgent situation. These include a
  variety of notification vehicles such as WOSU AM,
  OSU Today e-mail, the Ohio State Web site, and
  local media outlets. New this year, the
  university has created a text message alert
  system for the public to stay informed of
  potential emergencies. Faculty, students, staff,
  and parents are encouraged to register their cell
  phone numbers with the OSU Department of Public
  Safety. To learn more and to register, go to
  www.buckeyealert.osu.edu

3
Java App for Everything?

• Even Dilbert Friday, September 7, 2007

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CSE 502 Expectations Requirements

• Graduate level course/seminar
• High school structured, paced, everybody
  together, supervision
• College more on your own
• Graduate School self-directed and motivated
• Expect all A grades
• Expect participation
• Projects relevant to your field
• Project something useful from this course

5
Ways of Teaching Learning

• Different ways of presenting information
• Historical evolution of ideas (Hebrew)
• Hierarchical, categorized topics (Greek)
• Intertwined stories / examples (Arabic)
• Jumping from topic to topic
• Trying to respond to needs and questions
• Youre majoring in something other than computer
  science, but want to learn as much as possible
  about computer programming

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How to Program in Java

• How to Program
• Object-oriented programming, analysis design
• Tools, approaches, patterns
• In the background of every topic
• Tactics, strategy, philosophy
• Java
• Modern programming language (1995? )
• Java6 almost a year old
• Sun (IBM, others) have worked to significantly
  improve the language and its implementation

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CSE 502 Java

• Basic Java (mostly personal applications)
• Java6 Eclipse
• Object-oriented programming patterns
• Advanced Java
• Distributed applications, concurrency, GUI, data
  bases, assertions, testing, logging, profiling,
  native programs, etc.
• Applets to run in browser, Java JumpStart
• Java2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE)
• Running applications on server, specialized

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CSE 502 Resources on the Net

• All CSE 502 resources and communications on web
  and via e-mail
• http//www.cse.ohio-state.edu/bmathis
• mailtobmathis_at_cse.ohio-state.edu?subject502
• Java programming, software engineering
• http//java.sun.com
• http//www.redbooks.ibm.com/
• Safari through OSU Library
• Computer set-ups of some others

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General Notices / Disclaimers

• This course may contain information that is
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Al Gore, May 2007, Time Magazine
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CSE 502 Mathis, Summer 2007
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Bob Mathis

• Upper Arlington High School(Jack Nicklaus,
  Beverly DAngelo, Simon Fraser?)(George Smoot,
  2006 Noble Prize in Physics, class of 1962)
• 1959 7th grade1969 Ph.D. and on faculty of
  Ohio State
• Full-time consulting practice in
  computingpart-time lecturer OSU / CSE
• Previously head of Ada project for DoD, Contel
  Technology Center, chairman of standards
  committees, teaching at other universities, etc.

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Pithecanthropus
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CSE 502 Textbook Recommended
OReilly, 2005ISBN-10 0596008732 ISBN-13
978-0596008734 List Price44.95Price29.67Yo
u Save15.28 (34) Amazon as of
2007.05.22 http//www.oreilly.com/
catalog/learnjava3/ Locally scanned pages
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Previous 502 Textbook
Core Java(TM) 2, Volume I--Fundamentals (7th
Edition)by Cay Horstmann Gary Cornell (P-H,
2004)Core Java(TM) 2, Volume IIAdvanced
Features http//horstmann.com/corejava.html
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Other Java Books
Java In A Nutshell, 5th Edition by David
Flanagan, OReilly, 2005
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Other Good Java Books
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Java Web Sites to Visit

• Sunhttp//java.sun.com
• EclipseEclipsehttp//www.eclipse.org
• Safari through OSU library
• Learning Java textbook CD web-sitehttp//examples
  .oreilly.com/learnjava3/CD-ROM/

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Java on the Web

• Download Java SDK (with/without NetBeans)
• Java tutorials (Sun Java site and others)
• Eclipse (MyEclipseIDE.com)
• Java book sites
• Café au lait
• Java Lobby
• OReilly site
• Lots of Other Good Java Sites

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Java in Your Cup
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Java History

• FORTRAN
• ALGOL (1960) BASIC
• BCPL
• Pascal C Visual Basic
• C
• Ada (1979) Internet
• Java (1995) Windows95
• Ada (2nd rev) Java6 Multi-core CPU

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March of Progress? - Horstmann

• 1980 C 
• printf("10.2f", x)
• 1988 C
• cout showpoint
• 1996 Java
• java.text.NumberFormat formatter
  java.text.NumberFormat.getNumberInstance()format
  ter.setMinimumFractionDigits(2)formatter.setMaxi
  mumFractionDigits(2)String s
  formatter.format(x)for (int i s.length() i
  10 i) System.out.print(' ')System.out.print(s
  )
• 2004 Java
• System.out.printf("10.2f", x)

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Why Java

• C syntax, but C not a subset,object-oriented
  from the beginning
• Intended for network programming
• Multi-platform portability
• GUI independent of Microsoft Windows
• Security, concurrency, databases
• Continually improved over last dozen years

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Programming in Java6 is Different

• Java significant improvements
• Improved execution
• Improved language features (tasking, generics)
• Improved program development environments
• CSE 502 is about the future of programming
• Where profession is going
• Programming is different from what you may have
  learned and almost certainly different than what
  your professors learned years ago.

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Developing Java Programs

• Text editors automating keypunches
• Search replace, managing files
• Some improvement over the old way
• Integrated Development Environments
• Microsoft Visual Studio (C and VB)
• Sun Studio (Net Beans)
• Eclipse (MyEclipse)
• Combination of writing and tool assistance

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Java Development Environments

• Eclipse (in CSE labs)
• MyEclipse (version Mathis uses)
• NetBeans (from Sun)
• IntelliJ IDEA (popular with Java speakers)(door
  prize at local Java Users Group)
• BlueJ (high school advanced test)
• JBuilder, Visual Age for Java, Visual Café (old
  previous products Borland, IBM, Symantec)
• Text editors (some with language assistance)

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Initial Eclipse Demo

• Download, unzip, start Eclipse
• Pick convenient (backup-able) workspace
• New project, package, class (with main)
• How much typing versus knowing about Java
  letting the development environment help
• For you to try later
• Sum integers 1 through 10 and print answer(note
  n(n1)/2 55 when n10)

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Screen Shot - Eclipse Welcome
29
Screen Shot - Eclipse Workbench
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Learning Java 3rd, Chap 1a

• Textbook
• Scanned pages
• Safari (through OSU Libraries)
• Chapter 1
• A Modern Language (reread as you learn more)
• Enter Java (Javas Origins, Growing Up)
• A Virtual Machine (Just In Time Compilation)
• Java Compared with Other Languages
• Safety of Design(Simplify, Simplify, Simplify,
  Type Safety and Method Binding, Incremental
  Development, Dynamic Memory Management, Error
  Handling, Threads, Scalability)

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Learning Java 3rd, Chap 1b

• Safety of Implementation(The Verifier, Class
  Loaders, Security Managers)
• Application and User-Level Security(Signing
  Classes)
• Java and the Web(Applets, New Kinds of Media,
  New Software Development Models)
• Java as a General Application Language
• A Java Road Map(The Past Java 1.0 Java
  1.4,The Present Java 5.0 Dec 2006 Java6,The
  Future,Availability)

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Learning Java 3rd, Appx. A

• The Eclipse IDE
• Basics havent changed much, version 3.x
• Lots of helps
• Outlines, program structure
• Quick fix other options and prompts
• Refactoring (renaming)
• Source formatting
• Programming with a text editor is little more
  than automating use of punched cards
• Even with syntax recognition coloring features

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Learning Java 3rd, Chap 2a

• A First Application
• Java Tools and Environment Eclipse for us
• HelloJava (initial source on next slide)
• Classes
• The main() Method
• Classes and Objects
• Variables and Class Types
• HelloComponent
• Inheritance
• The JComponent Class
• Relationships and Finger Pointing
• Package and Imports
• The paintComponent() Method

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HelloJava (Multiple Versions)

• public class HelloJava
• public static void main( String args )
• System.out.println("Hello, Java!")
• // but hes not content with that
• // scanned pages, p. 30
• // look at this in Eclipse

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Learning Java 3rd, Chap 2b

• HelloJava2 The Sequel (Instance Variables,
  Constructors, Events, The repaint() Method,
  Interfaces)
• HelloJava3 The Button Strikes!(Method
  Overloading, Components, Containers, Layout,
  Subclassing and Subtypes, More Events and
  Interfaces, Color Commentary, Static Members,
  Arrays, Our Color Methods)
• HelloJava4 Netscapes Revenge(Threads, The
  Thread Class, The Runnable Interface, Starting
  the Thread, Running Code in the Thread,
  Exceptions, Synchronization)
• Troubleshooting
• Compilation (javac) Errors, Runtime (java)
  Errors, Java Version Problems, The
  getContentPane() Error

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Other Details About Running Java

• Almost a review to make sure covered
• Eclipse
• Views, windows, display panes to move around
• Console, Javadoc, problems, TODO
• Errors, warnings, quick fixes, refactoring
• Java
• Command line switches and arguments
• classpath (run programs yourself to check)
• Directory for examples text my versions

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Learning Java 3rd, Chap 3

• Tools of the Trade
• The Java VM
• Running Java Applications
• The Classpath
• The Java Compiler
• JAR Files
• Policy Files
• Running a program from command line(outside of
  Eclipse, after development)

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Finished Basics What Next

• Object-oriented thinking programming
• Encapsulation
• Object-oriented design and analysis
• Rational (now IBM) UML Unified Process
• Inheritance
• Dynamic dispatchingmethod overloading,
  polymorphism
• Chapters 4, 5, 6
• Chapters 7, 8, 9

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Temporary Spot, October 1, 2007

• Last look at Chapter 2 example with threads
• How to write programs
• Requirements
• Iteration (incremental development)
• Testing (based on requirements and code)
• Water fall (high level requirements, down hill
  the rest of the way)
• Top-down (rich underlying Java components)

40
How to Write Programs

• Waterfall
• Figure out everything at the beginning
• Build it with no modification
• DoD contracting, others with rigid approvals
• Iterative
• More like remodeling than building
• eXtreme Programming (XP) (take everything to the
  extreme)
• Test Driven Development

41
Federal Life Cycle Perspective
42
Development Cycle
43
Writing a Program

• Even a big, complicated program should be
  developed in small steps
• Handling many alternatives in applications
• First, just do it
• Second, if tests or configuration file
• Third, design around a pattern
• Tests at each stage of development / modification
  (regression tests)
• Think in terms of change
• Expand from a central core (iteratively)

44
Object-0riented Programming

• Encapsulation
• Objects in Java are instances of classes
• Issue of what to combine into classes / objects
• Cohesion, connections, collaboration, complexity
• Information hiding, decision hiding,
  responsibility
• Packages
• Overall structure of application
• Potential for reuse

45
Class-Responsibility-Collaboration

• CRC cards are an object-oriented software design
  tool, typically used in determining which classes
  are needed and how they will interact.
• CRC cards are usually created from index cards on
  which are written
• The class name
• Its Super and Sub classes (if applicable)
• The responsibilities of the class.
• The names of other classes that the class will
  collaborate with to fulfill its responsibilities.
  
• Author
• Using a small card keeps the complexity of the
  design at a minimum. It focuses the designer on
  the essentials of the class and prevents him from
  getting into its details and inner workings at a
  time when such detail is probably
  counter-productive. It also forces the designer
  to refrain from giving the class too many
  responsibilities. Because the cards are portable,
  they can easily be laid out on a table and
  re-arranged while discussing a design with other
  people.
• A common method to determine what cards should be
  created is to read a specification for the
  program being designed and consider if each noun
  should be a class and if each verb should be a
  responsibility of the noun or class that it
  belongs to. Naturally, the existence of a noun or
  verb does not require a class or responsibility
  in the program, but it is considered a good
  starting point.

46
Unified Modeling Language

• UML, UML 2.0 Object Management Group
• Unified, not universal
• Rational (Booch) hired (Rumbaugh), bought another
  company (Jacobson), and unified
• Graphical modeling tool in Eclipse
• Forward and reverse engineering
• Class / object diagramsSequence diagramsUse
  cases

47
Rational Analysis Design Approach

• (Rational) Unified Process (RUP)
• Use cases to describe requirements and basic
  functionality
• Boundary objects to describe interface
• Refine and implement those boundary objects with
  internal objects that can be further refined
• Build tests with supporting temporary objects

48
Object-Oriented Inheritance

• Software reuse
• Im reusing your classes, but over-riding all
  your methods and hiding all your fields
  (variables).
• Inheritance is-a
• Inherited fields
• Inherited methods
• Overloaded versus over-ridden methods
• Building on and refining existing code
• Composite has-a

49
Food Oriented Inheritance

• MMs (candy of the millennium MM)
• Example
• Three Musketeers Milky Way Snickers
• Pizza
• Stone Cold Creamery ice cream,Dairy Queen
  Blizzard, flurry
• Chinese food
• Hamburger is more like an interface
• Pizza Java example in Eclipse next slide

50
Pizza as a Design Example

• ThinCrustLightSauceRegularCheesePeperoni inherits
  from ThinCrustLightSauceRegularCheese which
  inherits from ThinCrustLightSauce which inherits
  from ThinCrust
• We might look at pizza as very inheritance
  oriented, but that is not the only way, and maybe
  not the best way to think about it.
• Inheritance turns out to be cumbersome
• Composite / aggregation more adaptable
• Method delegation makes pieces self responsible
• Factories and abstract factories

51
Beneath Object-Oriented

• Procedural-style code at lower levels
• Variables, loops, if-tests, compound statements,
  subprograms, recursion
• Manipulating state (kept in objects)
• Functional-style programming
• When no local state
• Objects (and thereby methods) as parameters and
  return values
• Concurrency (multi-threaded)
• Implicit and later explicit

52
Learning Java 3rd, Chap 4

• The Java Language
• Text Encoding
• Comments
• Types
• Statements and Expressions
• Exceptions
• Assertion
• Arrays

53
Program Comments

• Internal comments
• For somebody changing the code
• Assume knowledge of Java (dont explain what)
• Why you did it
• Is there something not obvious
• Relationship to other parts of system
• External (JavaDoc) comments
• For somebody using your components
• User documentation

54
Types

• Primitive types machine built-in
• Reference types (user defined types)
• User created class
• References passed by value
• Arrays Strings specially handled
• Interfaces

55
Statements Expressions

• Expressions can stand alone as statements
• Functions and procedures are vary similar
• Method invocation
• Variable access
• Object creation (new), instanceof operator
• Local declarations and scope
• Compound statements
• If/else, Switch, Selection
• Enumerations

56
Looping / Iteration Patterns

• Fortran DO loop C/C/Java for loop
• While/Do (test at top, separate stepping)
• Do/While (test at bottom, similar)
• Counting, indexing, ranges
• Loop variables with local scope in loop
• Iterator over a structure (enhanced)
• Nested loops, break, continue, labels
• Machine language looping instructionsused to
  motivate various optimizations

57
Exceptions

• Try . . . Catch
• Handling exceptions
• Exception types
• Throwing exceptions
• Finally clause

58
Assertions

• Have to turn them on to be caught
• No overhead if turned off
• Programming by Contract
• Pre-conditions check with exceptions
• Post-conditions check with assertions

59
Arrays

• 0-based subscripting
• Special treatment within Java type system
• Anonymous arrays
• Multidimensional arrays
• Initializing

60
Learning Java 3rd, Chap 5

• Objects in Java
• Classes
• Methods
• Object Creation
• Object Destruction
• Enumerations

61
Classes, Interfaces, Types

• Enumerations - enum

62
Method Selection Based on Type
63
How to Write Programs, Again

• Javadoc for users of your components
• Internal comments for code changers
• DRY Dont Repeat Yourself
• YAGNI You Aint Gonna Need It
• Dont try to guess ahead of requirements
• Savings of building now lost if change needed

64
Other Patterns for Code Development

• Bottom up, inside out, outside in (sort of like
  top-down)
• Knowing already available components
• Frameworks for similar applications

65
Divide Your Program into Pieces

• Pieces that will make the overall system easier
  to understand
• Pieces that will minimize communication between
  them
• Pieces that bring together all related info
• Information hiding, decision hiding
• Programming language may, or may not, have
  constructs to help in this process
• Encapsulation, visibility control, interface

66
Program Testing

• Tests to understand requirements
• Tests to confirm what program does
• Assertions about intermediate states
• Test Driven Development

67
JUnit

• Testing framework using Java (not some other
  scripting language)
• Good for idea of having programmers write tests
• Focus on independence, localization, and
  isolation of tests over perceived speed of
  execution (really pretty efficient with small
  objects the way it is)

68
Learning Java 3rd, Chap 6

• Relationships Among Classes
• Subclassing and Inheritance
• Interfaces
• Packages and Compilation Units
• Visibility of Variables and Methods
• Arrays and the Class Hierarchy
• Inner Classes

69
Summary of Object-Oriented

• Encapsulation
• Object-oriented design and analysis
• Rational (now IBM) UML Unified Process
• Inheritance
• Food examples
• Composition versus inheritance
• Dynamic dispatching
• Overloaded versus over-ridden methods

70
Need Something About GUI

• Hope to be here Wednesday, October 3
• Graphical User Interface (GUI)
• Asynchronous events generated byuser activity
  (generally mouse movements, clicks, text input,
  special keys)
• Event listener interfaces (require implementing
  methods which can becalled (back) by events)

71
Event Handling Styles

• Now that you have seen a few different event
  handlers, it is useful to see some different
  styles.
• The handlers that you have seen so far have been
  listener objects which happened to contain the
  source object on which the event occurred. But
  this is not mandatory.
• A class can exist solely for the purpose of
  handling an event. To illustrate, lets create a
  simple class, Detect, which will close a Frame
  when close is selected from the system menu.
• class Detect extends WindowAdapter public
  void windowClosing(WindowEvent e)
  System.exit(0)
• The WindowAdapter class is a class which
  implements the WindowListener interface and as
  such provides stubs for each mandated method in
  the interface.
• L11Button1 is an example using a Detect object as
  a listener.

72
Event Handling Styles L11Button1

• import java.awt. import java.awt.event.pu
  blic class L11Button1 extends Frame Button
  b1 L11Button1() super("L11 BUTTON
  TEST") setLayout(new FlowLayout())
  b1 new Button("FIRST") add(b1)
  setSize(200,300) setVisible(true)
  addWindowListener(new Detect()) public
  static void main(String args)
  L11Button1 bt new L11Button1()
  class Detect extends WindowAdapter
  public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e)
  System.exit(0)
  

73
Event Handling Styles

• The previous method is useful for some events,
  but it fails if a Detect object needs to access a
  member of the L11Button1 class.
• This can be solved by making the Detect class an
  inner class, as in L12Button2.
• Then well make it into an anonymous inner class
  in L13Button3.
• In this last case, the inner class has no name,
  is created on the fly, and although syntactically
  less pleasing is slightly more efficient.

74
Event Handling Styles L12Button2

• import java.awt. import java.awt.event.pu
  blic class L12Button2 extends Frame Button
  b2 L12Button2() super("L12 BUTTON
  TEST") setLayout(new FlowLayout())
  b2 new Button("SECOND") add(b2)
  setSize(200,300) setVisible(true)
  addWindowListener(new Detect()) class
  Detect extends WindowAdapter public
  void windowClosing(WindowEvent e)
  System.exit(0) public static
  void main(String args) L12Button2 bt
  new L12Button2()

75
Event Handling Styles L12Button2a

• import java.awt. import java.awt.event.pu
  blic class L12Button2a extends Frame
  Button b2 // moved main up in
  listing public static void main(String
  args) L12Button2a bt new
  L12Button2a() L12Button2a()
  super("L12a BUTTON TEST") setLayout(new
  FlowLayout()) b2 new
  Button("SECOND-a") add(b2) setSize(200,300)
  setVisible(true) // above basically as
  before addWindowListener(new Detect())
  class Detect extends WindowAdapter
  public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e)
  System.exit(0)

76
Event Handling Styles L12Button2b

• import java.awt. import java.awt.event.pu
  blic class L12Button2b extends Frame
  Button b2 // moved main up in
  listing public static void main(String
  args) L12Button2b bt new
  L12Button2b() L12Button2b()
  super("L12b BUTTON TEST") setLayout(new
  FlowLayout()) b2 new
  Button("SECOND-b") add(b2) setSize(200,300)
  setVisible(true) // above basically as
  before addWindowListener(new Detect())
  
  // stuff to delete class Detect extends
  WindowAdapter() public void
  windowClosing(WindowEvent e)
  System.exit(0) )

77
Event Handling Styles L12Button2c

• import java.awt. import java.awt.event.pu
  blic class L12Button2c extends Frame
  Button b2 // moved main up in
  listing public static void main(String
  args) L12Button2c bt new
  L12Button2c() L12Button2c()
  super("L12b BUTTON TEST") setLayout(new
  FlowLayout()) b2 new
  Button("SECOND-b") add(b2) setSize(200,300)
  setVisible(true) // above basically as
  before addWindowListener(new
  WindowAdapter()
  public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e)
  System.exit(0) )

78
Event Handling Styles L13 Button3

• import java.awt. import java.awt.event.publ
  ic class L13Button3 extends Frame Button
  b3 L13Button3() super("BUTTON
  TEST") setLayout(new FlowLayout()) b3
  new Button("THIRD") add(b3)
  setSize(200,300) setVisible(true)
  addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter()
  public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e)
  System.exit(0)
  ) public static
  void main(String args) L13Button3
  bt new L13Button3()

79
Event Handling Anonymous Inner Classes

• Event handling is delegated to objects of classes
  implementing listener interfaces
• The class creating the visible component can
  handle its own events or it can delegate the
  handling to another object.
• The handling object can be defined by
• A separately compiled class
• A separate class in the same file
• A named inner class, or
• An anonymous inner class
• Anonymous inner classes link events and handlers
• Model View Controller Architecture
• Model state data, non-visual functionality
• View visible components (may be multiple per
  model)
• Controller maps and controls mapping of events
  to model
• Swing components in with and support
  model-view-controller

80
Swing GUI Development with Eclipse
81
Declarative-like Development
82
Attaching Action Handlers
83
Distributed Java RMI

• Hope to be here Wednesday, October 10

84
Then Jump to Chapter 9
85
Learning Java 3rd, Chap 9

• Threads
• Introducing Threads
• Threading an Applet
• Synchronization
• Scheduling and Priority
• Thread Groups
• Thread Performance
• Concurrency Utilities
• Conclusion

86
Problems with Concurrency

• Functional programming versus imperative
• Program state is part of imperative programming
• Objects methods and object state
• Functional programming nested function calls
  returning values without modifying internal state
• Multiple pure functions can run without
  interference
• Running threads independently versus having them
  cooperate
• Running independently and collecting summary

87
Mutable / Non-mutable State

• Earlier discussion of functional programming
• Shared memory controlling changes

88
Deeper into Java

• Reflection
• Finding out about existing classes
• Run-time dynamic invocation
• Generics (new to Java5)
• Generics in Ada, templates in C
• Built-in data structure manipulation classes
• Concurrency, multi-threading
• Multi-core CPUs even in laptops

89
Learning Java 3rd, Chap 7

• Working with Objects and Classes
• The Object Class
• The Class Class
• Reflection
• Annotations

90
Learning Java 3rd, Chap 8

• Generics
• Containers Building a Better Mousetrap
• Enter Generics
• The Is No Spoon
• Parameterized Type Relationships
• Casts
• Writing Generic Classes
• Bounds
• Wildcards
• Generic Methods
• Arrays of Parameterized Types
• Case Study The Enum Class
• Case Study The sort() Method
• Conclusion

91
Next Level of Java
92
Monday, October 15, 2007

• Student Projects incomplete information
• Thread pools
• Assertion and JUnit
• Autoboxing unboxing, enum
• Garbage collection
• Inner Classes
• Reflection
• UML reverse engineering
• Patterns

93
Assertions

• if (!condition) throw new AssertError
  (fatalerror 42)
• assert (condition)assert a 0 a // to
  show value of a
• Enable assertions at runtime with -ea
• Pre-condition checking exceptions
  post-condition checking assertions

94
JUnit
95
Autoboxing and unboxing

• Primitive types and wrapper objects (e.g., int
  and Integer)
• Boxing is wrapping primitive value ( new
  Integer(int) )
• Unboxing is the reverse ( Integer.valueOf() )
• Was automatic in C, added in Java5

96
Variable-Length Arg. Lists

• System.out.printf (My name is s and my age is
  s\n, Bob, 103)
• System.out.printf(Get the s out of s before I
  s\n, item, place, action )
• void printObjects(Object list) // list is
  an Object for (Object o list) System.out.pr
  intln(o)

97
enum

• Better than lists of constants
• Special kind of class (objects are instances of a
  class, here we name them)
• List the potential objects
• Local methods can be individualized

98
Garbage Collection

• Object finalization in Java is automatic
• Sometimes object references can be kept without
  realizing it (in maps frequently)
• Garbage collection
• Old mark and sweep
• More modern generational
• Garbage collection in a separate thread
• Massive physical (virtual) memories

99
Inner Classes

• More than just for event handling
• Top-down iterative development needs to implement
  complicated functionality
• Text p. 182 ?

100
Thread Pools
101
UML
102
Reverse Engineering
103
Patterns

• Factory, abstract factory, singleton
• Façade
• Observer

104
Singleton

• public class OnlyOne OnlyOne thing
  null private OnlyOne() // constructor pub
  lic OnlyOne accessor() if (thing null)
  thing new OnlyOne() return
  thing

105
Factory

• Generating objects of concrete class

106
Abstract Factory

• Factory generating objects for an interface

107
Singleton

• Factory returning same object

108
Façade
109
Observer

• Java way of handling events
• Event sources and listeners

110
Reflection

• Self examination (introspection) and examination
  of other objects/classes
• Text p. 200 ?

111
Monday, October 22, 2007

• Next Phase of CSE 502
• What you suggested Wed 10/17
• Layout managers
• File I/O and text manipulation
• Graph plotting (x, y graph)
• Performance
• Going for most of the rest of the book
• More cross discussion of student projects

112
Text, I/O, Web

• Chap 10 Working with Text
• Chap 11 Core Utilities
• Chap 12 Input / Output Facilities
• Chap 13 Network Programming
• Chap 14 Programming for the Web
• Chap 15 Web Applications and Services

113
GUI Swing

• Chap 16 Swing
• Chap 17 Using Swing Components
• Chap 18 More Swing Components
• Chap 19 Layout Managers
• Chap 20 Drawing with the 2D API
• Chap 21 Working w/ Images Other Media

114
Other Topics

• Chap 21 JavaBeans
• Chap 23 Applets
• Chap 24 XML
• Databases SQL JDBC

115
16 Swing

• Swing is built on AWT,there are other GUI
  frameworks
• Lots of books, on-line tutorials, examples
• AWT peers from underlying OSSwing pure Java
  except at very lowest component
• AWT look like underlying systemSwing control
  look and feel

116
16 Swing

• SwingComponentsFigure 16-1text p. 554

117
Swing Components Performance

• Demo

118
Components Containers

• JComponent is swing root
• Placed in container
• JComponent is also a kind of container
• Peers Look-and-Feel
• Explanation not too useful in programming
• AWT works with peers in underlying op. sys.to
  look like underlying operating system
• Swing light-weight, pure Java except at bottom

119
Paint Repaint

• repaint()
• Update as soon as possible
• Sets up request to
• paint()
• Implemented, modified by user
• May be called for lots of reasons
• Done in event thread

120
MVC Model, View, Controller

• Historically from Macintosh computer
• Other models linking GUI with computation
• Swing is MVC
• Event listeners observers controllers
• Event sources observables models
• Swing is MVC
• UI-delegate view controller
• Data model itself
• More obvious in complicated components

121
Events

• Events AWT swing
• Action events
• Focus events
• Request focus
• Manage focus
• Enabling, disabling, grey-out, ghost
• Component methods that all inherit
• Event Summary chart pp. 577-579

122
Mouse Events

• Mouse
• Buttons
• Key modifiers (shift, control, click)
• Wheel
• Focus events
• Adapter classes
• Dummy adapters (predefined)

123
The AWT Robot

• Tool for generating what appear like mouse
  movements
• Should be useful in building test emulators
• When you see things others have done (special
  tools or environments) thats a hint you could do
  it, too look at open source

124
Multithreading in Swing

• invokeLater()
• invokeAndWait()
• javax.swing.SwingUtilities
• SwingUtilities.invokeLater( new Runnable()
  public void run() MyCompoent.setVisible(f
  alse) )

125
17 Using Swing Components

• Buttons and Labels p. 587
• HTML Text in Buttons and Labels
• Checkboxes and Radio Buttons p. 590
• Lists and Combo Boxes p. 593
• The Spinner
• Borders

126
Menus

• Menus
• Keyboard mnemonics ALT and a letter
• Keyboard accelerator for when menu not showing
• Pop-up Menus
• Component-Managed Pop-ups

127

• JScrollPane Class
• JSplitPane Class
• JTabbedPaneClass
• Scrollbars and Sliders
• Dialogs
• File Selection Dialog
• Color Chooser

128
18 More Swing Components

• Text Components
• TextEntryBox Application
• Formatted Text
• Filtering Input
• Validating Data
• Password (Say the Magic Word)
• Sharing a Data Model
• HTML and RTF for Free
• Managing Text Yourself

129

• Focus Navigation
• Trees
• Nodes and Models
• Tables
• Desktops
• Pluggable Look-and-Feel
• Synth, the Skinnable LF

130
Custom Components

• Generating Events
• Dial Component
• Model and View Separation

131
19 Layout Managers

• Work through authors examples

132
20 Drawing with the 2D API
133
21 Working w/ Images Other Media

• Loading Images
• ImageObserver
• MediaTracker
• ImageIcon
• ImageIO
• Producing Image Data
• Drawing Animations
• BufferedImage Anatomy
• Color Models
• Creating an Images
• Updating a BufferedImage
• Filtering Image Data
• How ImageProcessor Works
• Converting an Image to a BufferedImage
• Using the RescaleOp Class
• Using the AffineTransformOp Class
• Saving Image Data
• Simple Audio NoisyButton.java
• Java Media Framework - MediaPlayer.java

134
Monday, 2007.10.29
135
10 Working with Text

• Text-Related APIs
• Strings
• Easy to read ? (usually) ? efficient
• Lots of included methods
• Comparing strings
• Searching finding indecies of substrings
• exampleString.substring(starting, ending)//
  starting index inclusive, ending exclusive

136
More About String Manipulation

• StringBuilder (Java5) StringBuffer (old,
  synchronized)
• Multi-line string initialization OK
• Internationalization (i18n)

137
More Text Manipulation

• Parsing, Formatting, Tokenizing text
• Split ? array of strings
• Scanner java.util.Scanner
• StringTokenizer - legacy
• Printf-Style Formatting
• String.format to format string
• String conversions
• Width, precision, justification, flags
• Formatting with the java.text Package
• messageFormat replaced by printf()

138
Regular Expressions

• java.util.regex
• Describing patterns

139
11 Core Utilities, Math

• Math Utilities
• java.lang.Math
• Usual functions
• Math.sin(a)
• java.math
• BigInteger, Big Decimal
• Random numbers

140
Dates and Times

• Working with Calendars
• Parsing Formatting with DateFormat
• Printf-style Date Time Formatting
• Timers

141
Collections

• Collection Interface
• Generics
• Set List Queue MapArrays linked lists
  trees hash maps
• Synchronized unsynchronized collections

142
Properties Preferences

• Properties
• Specialized hash table for pairs of strings
• The Preferences API
• The Logging API
• Observers and Observables

143
12 Input / Output Facilities

• October 31, 2007 see you in two weeks
• Streams
• Files
• Serialization
• Data Compression
• The NIO Package

144
Input/Output Wrappers

• Use PrintWriter instead of PrintStream or
  OutputStream
• Auto-flush

145
13 Network Programming

• Sockets
• Datagram Sockets
• Simple Serialized Object Protocols
• Remote Method Invocation
• Scalable I/O with NIO

146
Java Networking and I/O

• Why Java for Network Applications
• Basic Web terms, Network layers, IP Addressing
• URL Uniform Resource Locator
• Class java.net.URL Constructor Examples
• Copying files from URL
• Idea of Sockets, copying with sockets
• Sockets Java RMI CORBA
• RMI example interface, client, server
  (implementation)

Networking
147
Why Java for Network Applications

• Language features (concurrency, exceptions)
• Built-in objects (information hiding)(more
  straight forward than UNIX and building your own)
• Protocol handlers, content handlers
• down load as needed
• loading classes remotely
• Heterogeneous networks work together at Java
  level
• All the other stuff for modern applicationsGUI,
  databases, security, etc.
• Performance - individual CPU generally not the
  bottleneck

148
Basic Web Terms

• TCP/IP - Transport Control Protocol / Internet
  Protocol
• UDP - User Datagram Protocol
• URL - Uniform Resource Locator
• URI - Uniform Resource Identifier (more general,
  research direction)
• URN - Uniform Resource Name (without location,
  for mirror sites)
• HTTP - HyperText Transfer Protocol
• HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
• SGML - Standard Generalized Markup Language (ISO
  88791986)
• MIME - Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
• ASCII - American Standard Code for Information
  Interchange

149
Network Layers

• Very simplified view

Application
Application
Logical Communication
Transport(TCP, UDP)
Transport(TCP, UDP)
IP Layer
IP Layer
Physical layer (bits on the wire) ISO Level 1
Net Head IP Head TCP Head App. Head
Data
150
IP Addressing

• Four numbers, each 0..255, e.g. 123.123.123.123
  (32 bits)
• Class C address block
• first three bytes specified, e.g. 123.123.123.
• room for 254 addresses (0 and 255 special)
• Domain names that are easier to remember and use
• Domain Name Service (DNS) for name resolution
• Multi-hosting (multiple domain names on one IP
  address)multi-homing (multiple IP addresses on
  one machine
• localhost 127.0.0.1 local loopback address

151
URL- Uniform Resource Locator

• protocol//hostnameport/path/filenamesection
• protocol - file, ftp, http, news, telnet, gopher,
  WAIS
• hostname - www.pithecanthropus.com or
  123.123.123.123
• port - 13 (daytime), 20 21 (ftp), 23 (telnet),
  25 (smtp/mail), 37 (time), 43 (whois), 79
  (finger), 80 (http), 110 (pop3/mail), 119
  (nntp/news), 1099 (RMI Registry) defined in
  /etc/services or windows\services
• path - relative to document root of server, not
  file system root
• filename - usual default index.html server has
  other options
• section - named anchor in an HTML document (text
  bookmark)
• relative and absolute URLs allow moving whole
  collections

152
java.net.URL Constructor Examples

• public final class URL extends Object implements
  Serializable
• URL constructor formats match common use public
  URL (--) throws MalformedURLException
• (String spec)
• (String protocol, String host, int port, String
  file)
• (String protocol, String host, String file)
• (URL context, String spec)
• try URL u1 new URL(http//www.x.com/a.html)
  catch (MalformedURLException e)
  System.err.println(e)
• new URL(http, www.x.com, /a.htmlb)
• new URL(http, www.x.com, 80, /a.html)
• new URL(u1, other.html)
• / example / import java.applet.AppletURL u
  new URL(getDocumentBase(), b.html)

153
GetURL Copies Files

• URL url new URL(args0)InputStream in
  url.openStream()// InputStream in new
  FileInputStream(a.b)OutputStream out new
  FileOutputStream(args1)byte buffer new
  byte4096int bytes_readwhile((bytes_read
  in.read(buffer)) ! -1) out.write(buffer, 0,
  bytes_read)
• Java Examples in a Nutshell, 1st Edition , by
  Flanigan (OReilly)

154
Idea of sockets

• Computer has (probably) one connection to the net
  
• Logical ports subdivide that connection
• Operating system, network communications driver
  listens and then passes the information to
  waiting programs (sockets)
• Sockets are independent programs registered to
  receive data
• Parallel on senders side
• Sockets can be used for two-way communication
• Form the foundation for network communication
• Popularized in Berkeley UNIX as a unifying concept

155
Copy http with sockets

• Socket soc new Socket(url.getHost(),
  url.getPort())InputStream from
  soc.getInputStream()PrintWriter to new
  PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(soc.getOutputSt
  ream()))to.println("GET " filename)
  to.flush()byte buffer new byte4096int
  bytes_readwhile((bytes_read
  from.read(buffer)) ! -1) to_file.write(buffer,
  0, bytes_read)
• Examples 9-4 HttpClient

156
Sockets - RMI

• Distributed systems
• different address spaces
• potentially on different hosts
• ability to communicate
• Sockets - flexible and sufficient, but require
  applications-levelprotocols (cumbersome and
  potentially error-prone)
• Remote Procedure Call (RPC)alternative with
  illusion of calling a local procedure
• RPC not appropriate for distributed object
  systems whereRemote Method Invocation (RMI) is
  better model
• In RMI a local surrogate (stub) object manages
  the invocationon a surrogate (skeleton) for the
  remote object
• RMI is an all Java approach to distributed objects

157
Java RMI vs. CORBA

• Java RMI integrated in the language (JDK 1.1 and
  following)
• CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture
• OMG - Object Management Group
• CORBA for a heterogeneous, multi-language
  environment andthus has a language-neutral
  object model
• IDL - Interface Description LanguageRMI uses
  Java for its interface descriptions
• IIOP - Internet Inter-Orb ProtocolIIOP
  generally over TCP/IP, also othersin JDK 1.2.2
  and later, RMI over IIOP
• NDI - Naming Directory Interface
• Evolve together (with CORBA becoming more light
  weight)

158
RMI Common Interface

• import java.rmi.public interface iCalendar
  extends Remote java.util.Date getDate ()
  throws RemoteException

159
RMI Client

• public class CalendarUser public static
  void main(String args) iCalendar
  remoteCal try
  remoteCal (iCalendar)
  Naming.lookup("rmi//remote/Calen
  darImpl") t1 remoteCal.getDate()
  .getTime() t2
  remoteCal.getDate().getTime() catch
  (Exception e) e.printStackTrace()
  System.out.println("This
  RMI call took (t2-t1) "
  milliseconds")

160
RMI Server

• public class CalendarImpl extends
  UnicastRemoteObject
  implements iCalendar public
  CalendarImpl() throws RemoteException
  public Date getDate () throws RemoteException
  return new Date() public
  static void main(String args)
  CalendarImpl cal try
  LocateRegistry.createRegistry(1099)
  cal new CalendarImpl()
  Naming.bind("rmi///CalendarImpl", cal)
  System.out.println("Ready for RMI's")
  catch (Exception e)
  e.printStackTrace()

161
Stubs and Skeletons

• Java automatically generates stubs and skeletons
  with rmic based on common interface and
  implementation .class file

client
programstubmarshallnetworknetworkunmarshall
stub returnprogram
162
Pulling it together

• Compile client and server
• Generating stubs skeletons
• Remote Method Invocation Compiler (rmic)
• Start server
• Run client

163
Callbacks, CORBA, J2EE

• X11 Windows
• reversed traditional role of client and server
• routines on display terminal were called back
  by computer
• terminal sent information about these routines to
  the server
• RMI Registry is only one way of objects knowing
  each other
• CORBA Common Object-oriented Request Broker
  Architecture
• Microsoft COM, COM, DCOM
• Java 2 Enterprise Edition (Enterprise Java Beans)

164