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Unit II Becoming a World Power

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How did the government mobilize the economy for the war effort? How did workers mobilize on ... A National War Labor Board- created to arbitrate labor disputes. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Unit II Becoming a World Power


1
Unit II- Becoming a World Power
  • Chapter 8 Section 3
  • The Home Front

2
The Home Front
  • The Main Idea
  • The U.S. mobilized a variety of resources to wage
    World War I.
  • Reading Focus
  • How did the government mobilize the economy for
    the war effort?
  • How did workers mobilize on the home front?
  • How did the government try to influence public
    opinion about the war?

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Mobilizing the Economy
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Mobilization of Money
  • Military Expenses
  • Expenses for army, navy, credit and materials for
    allies ran into billions.
  • 23 billion for the U.S. war effort and 10
    billion for war loans to Allies.
  • Taxes and Loans and Liberty Bonds

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Government takes control- War Industries Board
  • The Overman Act of 1918 helped create the War
    Industries Board- Bernard M. Baruch
  • Job-.
  • During the war.

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Raising Money, Conservation and Government
Controls- 221 min.
14
Daylight Savings, Taxes, and Liberty Bonds 104
15
Mobilization
  • Army needed to be fed, clothed, equipped and armed

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Regulations to Supply U.S. and Allied Troops
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Government takes control
  • Some Private Businesses were taken over.
  • Council of Defense

22
Mobilizing the Economy
  • How did the government mobilize the economy for
    the war effort?
  • What was the War Revenue Act of 1917?
  • What was the function of the War Industries
    Board?
  • Why do you think it was necessary for the
    government to set prices and production controls
    for food and fuel during the war?

23
Mobilizing the Economy
  • What steps did the Fuel Administration take to
    encourage fuel conservation?
  • How did patriotism play a part in the passage of
    the 18th Amendment?

24
Mobilizing Workers
  • During the war, the profits of many major
    industrial companies skyrocketed.
  • This created enormous profits for stockholders
  • Factory wages also increased, but the cost of
    food and housing went up.
  • War demands also led to laborers working long
    hours in increasingly dangerous conditions.
  • labor unions.

Union membership increased by about 60 percent
between 1916 and 1919, and unions boomed as well,
with more than 6,000 strikes held during the war.
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Wartime Workers
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Government takes control- The Labor Force
  • United States Employment Service created to fill
    jobs in vital industries.
  • A National War Labor Board- created to arbitrate
    labor disputes.- 8 hour workday and government
    support of unions.

29
The Influenza Pandemic of 1918 (0238)
30
Influenza Spreads
  • Three waves of a severe flu epidemic broke out
    between 1918 and 1919 in Europe and in America.
  • Of all American troops who died in World War II,
    half died from influenza.
  • On the Western Front, crowded and unsanitary
    trenches helped flu spread among troops, then to
    American military camps in Kansas and beyond.
  • This strain of influenza was deadly, killing
    healthy people within days, and during the month
    of October 1918, influenza killed nearly 200,000
    Americans.
  • Panicked city leaders halted gatherings, and
    people accused the Germans of releasing flu germs
    into the populace.

Scientists have Reconstructed the 1918 influenza
Virus and found it to be a bird flu that was
transmitted directly to humans They analyzed
two People who died in 1918 epidemic..
By the time it passed, over 600,000 Americans
lost their lives.
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32
Mobilizing Workers
  • How did workers mobilize on the home front?
  • What were some of the policies set by the
    National War Labor Board?
  • What can you infer from the fact that profits of
    many major industrial corporations skyrocketed
    because they sold their products to the federal
    government?
  • How did war demands lead to an increase in union
    membership?

33
Mobilizing Workers
  • How did the influenza epidemic affect American
    life?
  • How did the influenza epidemic spread?

34
Influencing Public Opinion
35
Fear on the Homefront The Espionage and Sedition
Acts (0519)
36
WWI The Espionage and Sedition Acts (0343)
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Government takes control- Mobilizing Minds
  • Millions opposed to war- German Americans, Irish
    Americans, Socialists, Progressives, Pacifists,
  • Committee on Public Information- The Creel
    Committee

41
Propaganda and the Creel Committee 151
42
Limiting Antiwar Speech
Some Americans Speak Out
Legislation
Opponents
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Opponents Go to the Supreme Court
  • Schenck v. United States (1919)

47
Influencing Public Opinion
  • How did the government try to influence public
    opinion about the war?
  • What is propaganda?
  • How did anti-German feelings affect American life
    during World War I?
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