Urban Sprawl 19451973

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Urban Sprawl (1945-1973)

• Preconditions Entrepreneurial Reactions

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Preconditions Of Sprawl

• Land Use Zoning
• Backlog of Demand
• GI Bill FHA-like Loans
• New improved Roads

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Land Use Zoning

• Euclidean Zoning

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Backlog of Demand

• War-time Moratorium
• The Baby-boom
• (1946 1964)

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G.I. Bill

• Servicemens Readjustment Act

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Eisenhowers Highways

• 1956 Federal Aid Highway

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New Improved Roads

• 1956 Federal Aid Highway impact on central city
  urban periphery
• You have to hack your way with a meat ax
• Robert Moses

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Auto vs. Mass Transit

• Tire replaces rail and/or track
• Omni/bus
• poor mans transportation

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Entrepreneurial Reaction

• Suburban Tract Housing
• - Levitts development
• revolution

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Levittown, New York

• Before

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Levittown, New York

• After

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Cape Cod rendering - Levittown
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Fifty years later
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Common Interest Development

• Selling life-style
• CID

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Suburbanization of other uses

• Southgate, Milwaukee

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Urban Realms model

• Diffused significance of central city