Rail Transit Impacts on Trip Making and Land Development in Shanghai, China

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Rail Transit Impacts on Trip Making and Land
Development in Shanghai, China

• This study is jointly supported by
• Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)
• the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy (Cambridge,
  MA) and
• the University of Texas at Austin
• Prepared by
• Haixiao Pan, Ph.D.
• Professor, Department of urban Planning
• Tongji University, Shanghai, China
• E-mail hxpank_at_online.sh.cn
• Ming Zhang, Ph.D.
• Assistant Professor, Community Regional
  Planning
• The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
  78712
• E-mail zhangm_at_mail.utexas.edu

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• The past ten years witnessed a major boom in rail
  transit development in China.

• 1.0 Introduction

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• 1.0 Introduction

• Intention for the metro
• 1 improve mobility
• 2 spatial structuring against sprawl
• Purpose of the study
• 1 How has the introduction of Shanghais
  metro rail influenced trip making?
• 2 Does the development of the metro system
  affect land use around transit stations?

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• 2.0 Background Information of Shanghai

• Location and population
• at the junction of the east coastal economic
  belt and the Yangtze River Basin economic belt.
  
• 18 districts and one island county,
• total area of 6,340.5 square kilo-meters
• Pudong New Area523 square kilo-meters
• population total around 17 m. registered
  13.44m.

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• 2.0 Background Information of Shanghai

• Density

Central area density in year of 2000 and
1990 (thousand, person/square km)
3.1 times higher than Beijing, and 2.9 times
higher than Tianjin.
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• 2.0 Background Information of Shanghai

• Density (in 100s persons
• per square kilometers)

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(No Transcript)
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• 2.0 Background Information of Shanghai

• Economic growth

Growth rate over 10 percent for more than
thirteen years
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• 2.0 Background Information of Shanghai

• Metro Lines in Shanghai

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• 2.0 Background Information of Shanghai

• Metro in Shanghai

Rail Transit Passenger Trips in Shanghai
Rail Transit Lines in Shanghai
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• 3.0 Study Methodology

• Survey year and sample size

Conducted by the Department of Urban Planning at
Tongji University of 40 students and faculty
member in the three years
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• 3.0 Study Methodology

• Interview passengers and residents
• passengers waiting for the train
• residents within the buffer zone
• Trip purpose
• Trip Modes
• Changes in Trip Times
• Frequency of downtown visit
• Opinion facility, service, connecting
  transport

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• 3.0 Study Methodology Field survey

• Functional composition
• Create two buffer zones around each of the rail
  station
• Compare shares of each type of land use between
  the two buffers
• Studies land use for between the 0-500 meter
  buffer and the 500-1,000-meter buffer for
  suburban stations.
• Development intensity
• compare in 200-500 and 500-1000 meters in
  periphery
• density in low(FARlt 1.0),medium(FAR 1.02.5),
  high(FARgt2.5)

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• 3.0 Study Methodology

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• 4.0 Study Results

• 1 influence on trip making characteristics in
  Shanghai

Trip purpose
rail transit is mostly used for work commute In
2000 less developed service in suburban ,more
travel for recreation
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• 4.0 Study Results

• 1 influence on trip making characteristics in
  Shanghai

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• 4.0 Study Results

• 1 influence on trip making characteristics in
  Shanghai

Year 2002
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• 4.0 Study Results

• 1 influence on trip making characteristics in
  Shanghai

Trip Modes
Big shift from bus to metro. Less passenger in
2000 due to fare too high. not
direct link to destinations inconvenient
for transfers
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• 4.0 Study Results

• 1 influence on trip making characteristics in
  Shanghai

Changes in Trip Times
Increase in less than 30 minutes
proportions Decrease in longer time proportions
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• 4.0 Study Results

• 1 influence on trip making characteristics in
  Shanghai

Frequency of downtown visit
Quite frequent to visit downtown for the vitality
of city center
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• 4.0 Study Results

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• 4.0 Study Results

• 2 Land use near the station
• Land Use Composition

land use compositions in 0-200 vs. 200-500 buffer
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• 4.0 Study Results

• 2 Land use near the station
• Land Use Composition

Land use composition in suburban stations of
Metro Line-1, Shanghai
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• 4.0 Study Results

• Land use near the station

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• 4.0 Study Results

• 2 Land use near the station
• Land Development Intensity

Comparison of development intensity between 0-200
and 200-500 buffer zones in Shanghai
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• 4.0 Study Results

• 2 Land use near the station
• Land Development Intensity

compare the land uses between 2000 and 2003 for
Xinzhuang Station
more commercial and office uses replaced
residential uses in areas closer to the station
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• 4.0 Study Results

• 2 Land use near the station
• Land Development Intensity

Development intensity among three metro lines in
Shanghai
Line-1 is more intense than Line-2 Line-2 is more
intense than Line-3
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• 4.0 Study Results

Change in Housing Prices
Jiang wan Zhen Station, the North terminal of
Line-3
Sun Yat-sen Park Station
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• 4.0 Study Results

• 3 The case of Sun Yat-sen Park Station

• Interchange of line-1 and line-2
• 320 thousand residents In an area of 1.5
  kilometers in radius
• 918 thousand residents In an area of 3.0
  kilometers in radius

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• 4.0 Study Results

• 3 The case of Sun Yat-sen Park Station

• land use
• site part of Shanghai Steel and Iron
  Company Unit-3.

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• 4.0 Study Results

• 3 The case of Sun Yat-sen Park Station

• Dream of Dragon project

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• 4.0 Study Results

• 3 The case of Sun Yat-sen Park Station

• Planning concept of evolution
• Follow Japan and Hongkong, take the
  advantage of the metro interchange
• relocate the Park Station of Line-2 500
  meter west.
• three facilities on the site
• attracted interests from many developers.
• Shanghai Changfeng Inc. won the project
• Dream of Dragon project
• investmentUS366 millions
• construction started in June 2002 , part
  open in December 2005
• floor space area 320 thousand square
  meters
• 25 thousand sqm for office use
• 5-star hotel with 780 guest rooms.
• 200 thousand square meters Shopping
  center

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• 4.0 Study Results

• 3 The case of Sun Yat-sen Park Station

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• 4.0 Study Results

• 3 The case of Sun Yat-sen Park Station

• Dream of Dragon project
• transport connection
• 1000-square meter lobby to the
  station
• 1500-sqm transfer area for taxi
  and bus
• 45-meter long skyway connect with
  line-3
• 750 parking spaces for cars.
• Key elements
• willingness of various
  stakeholders
• institutional supports, FAR bonus
• More terminal complex TOD

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First Phase Opening December Last Year Not So
Success Yet
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Hinterland Area Double
Modal Split 70 by Public Transport Metro
Double the Visitor
Surveyed in August 2005
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• 5.0 Conclusion

• Rail transit in Shanghai does change the trip
  making characteristics of those living near the
  stations
• Changes in land use patterns associated with the
  rail transit are also consistent with the urban
  economics theory
• Rail transit does affect land use in areas where
  the system goes in Shanghai

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• 5.0 Conclusion (cont)

• The private sector is playing an increasingly
  important role in Chinas transportation planning
  and land use decisions
• City wide transport strategy is critical to
  guarantee the relative accessibility
• The influence range of a station is far beyond
  the 5 minutes , so connecting transport is very
  important to be concerned.