Occupational Health

1
Occupational Health Safety Management
SystemsBS 8800/OHSAS 18001COSHH

• MST324 lecture 6

2
Key legislation

• Health and Safety at Work etc, Act 2001
• original act 1974
• Management of Health and Safety at Work
  Regulations 1999
• Control of Substances Hazardous to Health
  Regulations 2002
• normally referred to as COSHH

3
BS 8800 (National Health Service SAFECODE)

• http//www.safecode.co.uk/Power20Point20Presenta
  tions/management/sld004.htm

4
BS 8800/OHSAS 18001

• BS 8800
• non-certifiable guidance document
• use when implementing a health and safety system
  within ISO 14001
• OHSAS 18001
• from ANSI (American National Standards Institute)
• an auditable management system

5
BS 8800 (National Health Service SAFECODE)

• http//www.safecode.co.uk/Power20Point20Presenta
  tions/management/sld017.htm

6
OHSAS 18001

• OHSAS 18001(Occupational Health and Safety
  Assessment Series)
• published in April 1999
• specifies requirements of a OHS MS
• designed to be applicable to
• all types and sizes of companies
• diverse geographical, cultural and social
  conditions.

7
OHSAS 18001

• Certification against OHSASis aimed at the way a
  company has
• knowledge of ...
• and control over ...
• all relevant risks resulting fromnormal
  operations and abnormal situations.

8
OHSAS 18001

• Growing demand for a management system based
  standard for OHS
• stand alone management system or integrated with
  either their ISO 14001 or ISO 9001 management
  system.
• expect an accreditation scheme will emerge within
  the next 2 years

9
OHSAS 18001

• OHSAS 18001 structure - six sections
• General Requirements
• OHS Policy
• Planning
• Implementation and Operation
• Checking and Corrective Action
• Management Review

10
OHSAS 18001

• OHSAS (Occupational Health and Safety Assessment
  Series) 18001
• OHSAS 18001 Specifications for OHS Management
  Systems
• OHSAS 18002 Guidance for OHS Management
  Systems
• OHSAS 18003 Criteria for auditors of OHS
  Management Systems

11
OHSAS 18001

• Traditional occupational health and safety
  management reacted to work related incidents.
• OHSAS 18001 plans for the control of work related
  risks.

12
OHSAS 18001

• HS costs facing organizations include but are
  not limited to
• investigation time,
• wages paid for lost time,
• training replacements,
• extra supervisory and clerical time,
• decreased output of worker upon return
• the loss of business and goodwill

13
OHSAS 18001

• Benefits of Registration
• potential reduction in the number of accidents
• potential reduction in downtime and associated
  costs
• demonstration of legal and regulatory compliance
• demonstration of commitment to stakeholders
• demonstration of innovative, forward thinking
  approach
• increased access to new customers and business
• better management of risks, now and in the future
  
• potential reduced public liability insurance
  costs

14
Some URLs for BS8800/OHSAS 18001

• http//www.bvqina.com/ohsas18001.html
• http//www.nsaiinc.com/ohas.html
• http//www.isoqar.com/ohsas18001/hsintro.htm
• http//www.safecode.co.uk/Power20Point20Presenta
  tions/management/sld001.htm
• http//www.futurepast.com/h-ssys.htm
• http//www.arkhealthandsafety.com/html/FCTSHEET.HT
  M
• http//www.nqa.com/stand6.htm

15
British Standards for Occupational Personal
Safety

• Search terms on BSI shop website
• Ergonomics
• Noise with respect to human beings
• Industrial hygiene
• Protection against electric shock.
• Protective equipment
• Radiation measurements
• Radiation protection
• Safety of machinery
• Vibration and shock

16
British Standards for PPE

• Hand and arm protection
• Head protective equipment
• Leg and foot protection
• Lifejackets, buoyancy aids and flotation
• Protection against falling and slipping
• Protective clothing
• Respiratory protective devices
• Radiation measurements/protection
• Safety of machinery
• Vibration and shock general/other

17
COSHH

• Control of Substances Hazardous to Health
  Regulations 1999
• What are hazardous substances?
• substances used directly in work activities eg
  glues, paints, cleaning agents
• substances generated during work activities eg
  fumes from soldering and welding
• naturally occurring substances eg grain dust,
  blood, bacteria

18
COSHH

• Health effects are the different ways you can
  become ill
• cancer
• dermatitis
• occupational asthma
• poison
• reproductive toxicity
• harm to unborn or breast feeding children, or to
  fertility

19
COSHH

• COSHH does cover, e.g.
• chemicals or mixtures of substances
• substances with occupational exposure limits
• biological agents
• dusts, in certain concentrations
• any other substances which have similar hazards
  to health but for technical reasons may not be
  specifically covered by CHIP ...

20
CHIP

• Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for
  Supply) Regulations 1994.
• to ensure that people supplied with chemicals
  receive the information they need to protect
  themselves, others and the environment.
• obliges suppliers to identify the hazards and
  pass on this information with advice on safe use.
  This is usually done by means of package labels
  and safety data sheets.

21
CHIP symbols from http//www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si1994
/Uksi_19943247_en_4.htmend
22
COSHH

• the presence (or not) of a warning label will
  indicate whether COSHH is relevant
• COSHH does not cover
• asbestos and lead
• radioactive substances per se
• explosive or flammable substances
• chemicals at high temperature / pressure.
• Other laws apply in these cases

23
7 steps to COSHH

• Step 1 Work out what hazardous substances are
  used in your work place and find out the risks
  from using these substances to people's health.
• Step 2 Decide what precautions are needed before
  starting work with hazardous substances.

24
7 steps to COSHH

• Step 3 Prevent people being exposed to hazardous
  substances, but where this is not reasonably
  practicable, control the exposure.
• Step 4 Make sure control measures are used and
  maintained properly and that safety procedures
  are followed.

25
7 steps to COSHH

• Step 5 If required, monitor exposure of
  employees to hazardous substances.
• Step 6 Carry out health surveillance where your
  assessment has shown that this is necessary or
  COSHH makes specific requirements.
• Step 7 Make sure employees are properly
  informed, trained and supervised.

26
COSHH

• Consider
• changing the process or activity
• eg mixing in a closed vessel to minimise vapour
• replacing it with a safer alternative
• is the hazardous substance essential
• using it in a safer form
• eg pellets are less dusty than powder.
• and then
• use appropriatePersonal Protective Equipment
  (PPE)

27
URLs for COSHH

• http//www.hse.gov.uk/hthdir/noframes/coshh/
• http//www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg181.pdf
• http//www.rsc.org/pdf/ehsc/comprsn.pdf
• http//www.hseni.gov.uk/pdfs/coshh.pdf
• http//www.dti.gov.uk/chemicals/atlas/
• http//www.plantsci.rdg.ac.uk/research-services/CO
  SHH/coshh.html
• http//www.fastplanonline.co.uk/

28
BBC Safety Net on-linehttp//www.bbc-safety.co.uk
/default.htm

• Selection, use, maintenance of safety equipment
  including personal protective equipment (February
  1997)
• http//www.bbc-safety.co.uk/guidance/safety_equipm
  ent.html
• Guide to Programme Risk AssessmentProduction,
  Broadcast News Safety Services (November, 1999)
• http//www.bbc-safety.co.uk/guidance/pra.html

29
Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)

• EC Directive 2002/95/EC
• restricts use of certain hazardous substances in
  electrical and electronic equipment
• legislation affects manufacturers, sellers,
  distributors and recylers of electrical and
  electronic equipment

30
RoHS ii

• specific to
• lead
• mercury
• cadmium
• hexavalent chromium
• polybrominated  biphenyls
• polybrominated diphenyl ethers.

31
ROHS iii

• Directive covers the same scope as the WEEE
  (waste electrical and electronic equipment
  directive)
• except for medical devices and monitoring and
  control instruments.
• applies to electric light bulbs and light
  fittings in households.

32
REACH

• Registration,Evaluation, Authorisation and
  Restriction of Chemicals (REACH)

33
REACH intends to ...

• improve the protection ofhuman health and the
  environment
• encourage the substitution of hazardous
  chemicals by safer ones
• maintain competitiveness andenhance the
  innovative capability ofthe EU chemicals
  industry
• promote research and development leading to new
  products.

34
REACH

• passes responsibility formanagement of risks
  from chemicals to the industry
• requires the provision ofappropriate safety
  information

35
RISK ASSESSMENT

• essential for safe working
• applicable beyond OHS
• quick assessment of relative risks
• simple methodology, usually
• Risk factor probability x severity
• other forms may be used
• e.g. Yoxon Sheldon for EMS (last week)

36
Fire risk assessment

• Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005
• from 01 October 2006, all owners/occupiers of UK
  business premises have to carry out a Fire Risk
  Assessment on their buildings

37
Probability

• 1 unlikely
• 2 possible
• 3 probable

38
Severity

• 1 minor
• 2 serious
• 3 critical

39
Risk factor

• 1-3 low risk
• 4 medium risk
• 6 or 9 high risk
• NB the number must be
• calculated, NOT estimated separately
• the product of 1, 2 or 3so RF cannot be 5, 7, 8.

40
Risk assessment as a Table

• One Row / activity with Columns for
• Reference number
• Activity
• Task
• Hazards
• Persons in Danger
• Probability (P)
• Severity (S)
• Risk Factor (R PS)
• Controls in Place or Action to be Taken
• Additional  Requirements

41
Risk assessments for BRL007

• Table of risks for compositesmanufacturing and
  associated processes at http//www.tech.plym.ac.uk
  /sme/MATS324/risk.htm
• primary importance is relative risk
• permitting minimisation of problems arising
• document recommends best practice
• actions to be taken
• controls to be in place
• additional requirements