iNet Guide to Internet Technologies Second Edition

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i-Net Guide to Internet TechnologiesSecond
Edition
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Using the Internet

• Chapter 1

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You Will Learn

• About the many different systems that use the
  Internet for communication
• How the Internet infrastructure is organized
• About Internet service providers, what they do,
  and how to select one

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The Internet and Systems that Use It

• Internet
• Many networks connected together, all using the
  same method of communication
• A public network
• Began in the 1960s
• Protocol
• Language or set of rules for communication

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Postal Service Analogy
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Services that Use the Internet
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The World Wide Web

• Massive accumulation of information stored on
  computers around the globe in web pages or
  hypertext documents, along with graphics, sound,
  and other multimedia files
• Developed around 1990

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WWW Terminology

• Web browser
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
• World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
• Client/server concept
• Web site

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Client/Server Concept
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Using Web Browsers

• Browser requests a web page by sending a URL
  (uniform resource locator) over the Internet to
  the server

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Parts of the URL
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Web Browser Terminology

• http (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
• Domain name (host name network name)
• Folder name and file name
• IP address (Internet Protocol address)
• TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
  Protocol) or protocol stack

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Using Web Browsers
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Most Popular Web Browsers

• Internet Explorer (69 of users)
• Netscape Navigator (29 of users)
• Both can be downloaded free from the
  manufacturers web site

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Microsoft Internet Explorer
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Netscape Navigator
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Using Web Browsers

• AutoComplete feature
• Remembering URLs for later use
• Making web pages available for off-line viewing
• Saving files on the web to your PC
• Limiting the content available to a browser
• Installing web browsers

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AutoComplete Feature
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Remembering URLs for Later Use

• Netscape Navigator Bookmarking
• Internet Explorer Favorites

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Bookmarking in Netscape Navigator
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Adding to the Favorites List in Internet Explorer
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Viewing Web Pages Offline with Internet Explorer
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Viewing Web Pages Offline with Internet Explorer
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Viewing Web Pages Offline with Netscape Navigator
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Saving Files on the Web to Your PC
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Saving Files on the Web to Your PC
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Saving Files on the Web to Your PC
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Limiting the Content Available to a Browser
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Installing Web Browsers
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Installing Web Browsers
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Installing Web Browsers
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A Closer Look at Web Pages

• Introducing HTML
• Web pages built with frames
• Hyperlinks

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Introducing HTML

• Hypertext Markup Language
• A form of Standard Generalized Markup Language
  (SGML)
• Made up of text characters only
• Tag
• A code in an HTML document used for formatting,
  inserting graphics, and creating hyperlinks

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HTML Tags (Internet Explorer)
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Using Netscape Composer
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Using Netscape Composer
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Web Pages Built with Frames

• Can display different information in two or more
  separate areas of the screen

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Hyperlinks

• Tag in a hypertext document that links the
  location of the tag to another point in the same
  document or to a different document
• Also called a hot link or link

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Finding Information on the Web

• Searching an individual web site
• Search engines and search engine web sites
• Using a browsers search features
• Using search boxes effectively

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Searching an Individual Web Site

• Find
• Static index
• Site map
• Keyword index
• Full text index

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Using the Find Feature
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Using a Static Index Search
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Using a Site Map
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Search Engines

• Software that can be used to search a site, a
  group of sites, or the WWW for information
• Types
• Subject directory
• Spider search engine
• Meta search engine

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Search Engine Web Sites
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Search Engine Web Sites
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Using a Browsers Search Features
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Using Search Boxes Effectively
continued
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Using Search Boxes Effectively
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What Makes a Web Site Great

• Provides a shortcut to information
• Creates a feeling of community
• Has a user-friendly home page
• Loads quickly
• Gets users attention
• Clearly presents site contents

continued
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What Makes a Web Site Great

• Displays user options on the main menu
• Has minimal, easy-to-read text
• Has a clean background uses graphics
  appropriately
• Uses a consistent theme throughout
• Is easy to find

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Sending and Receiving E-mail

• Parts of an Internet e-mail address
• User name
• The _at_ symbol
• Name of the mail server that receives and then
  delivers the message

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Components of E-mail

• Sending client
• Sending server
• Receiving server
• Receiving client

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Sending and Receiving E-mail
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Viewing E-mail through a Web Browser
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Features of E-mail Client Software
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Chat Rooms

• Data communications link that several people
  share for text transmissions in real time
• Use an application called Internet Relay Chat
  (IRC)
• Variation instant messaging

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An IRC Chat Network
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Downloading Free Instant Messenger Software
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Registering to Use Instant Messenger
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AOL Instant Messenger
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Newsgroups

• An Internet service that provides a group of
  people with a place to post articles and allows
  people to respond to articles
• Organized around specific areas of interest
• Can be private or public
• Examples ClariNet, Usenet

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Using Newsgroups
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Using Newsgroups
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Introduction to the Internet Infrastructure

• A brief history of the Internet
• Network Access Points (NAPs)

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A Brief History of the Internet

• Late 1960s-late 1980s
• Loosely organized group of interconnected
  networks
• Used by major academic institutions in the US for
  research and development
• 1986
• National Science Foundation (NSF) formed a
  backbone network (NSFnet) to connect the five
  major academic institutions

continued
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A Brief History of the Internet

• 1993
• NSF created four NAPs (MAE East, MAE West, New
  York NAP, Chicago NAP) to serve as major
  connection points for backbone networks in the US

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The Four Original NAPs
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The ATT Backbones
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs)

• Businesses that provide connectivity to the
  Internet

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Services Offered by an ISP

• Physical connection from PC to ISP
• Software to communicate over the Internet
• Internet Protocol address (IP address) so others
  on the Internet can identify the PC

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Ways to Connect to an ISP
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How a Small ISP Works
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How a Regional ISP Works
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How to Select an ISP

• Desired transmission technology
• Cable modem
• DSL
• Telephone lines
• What you can expect from an ISP
• Access to WWW
• E-mail services and possibly FTP services
• Chat room and newsgroup services
• Space for personal web site

continued
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How to Select an ISP

• Point of presence (POP)
• Telephone number that a user can dial to connect
  to an ISP
• Performance, price, and service

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Chapter Summary

• The Internet and systems that use it
• The World Wide Web
• Sending and receiving e-mail
• Chat rooms
• Newsgroups
• Introduction to the Internet infrastructure
• Brief history of the Internet
• Network access points

continued
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Chapter Summary

• Internet service providers
• Services offered by an ISP
• Ways to connect to an ISP
• How an ISP works
• How to select an ISP