Church Reform and the Crusades

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Church Reform and the Crusades
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Problems in the Church

• Priests illiterate
• Priests marrying
• Popes questionable morally
• Simony - Bishops sold positions in Church
• Lay investiture - Kings appointing bishops

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Reform and Church Organization

• Popes start to enforce laws against simony,
  marriage
• Popes reestablish authority
• Papal Curia - Group of advisorsacted as
  courtCanon Law
• Church collects tithes

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New Religious order

• 1200s - Friars - spread church ideas
• Dominic - Spanish priest - founded Dominicans
• Francis - Italian - Founded Franciscans
• Many women joined friars and helped poor and sick

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Romanesque Churches

• Round Arches
• Heavy roofs
• Thick walls
• Small windows

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Cathedrals - Gothic

• Early 1100s
• Thrust upward
• Stained glass windows
• Notre Dame - Paris
• 500 Gothic churches 1170-1270

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Crusades

• 1095 - Pope Urban II calls for holy war
• Goals - Economic, social, political, religious
• 1st Crusade (1096-1099)
• 1144 - Turks recapture Edessa
• 2nd Crusade (1147-1149)

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Crusades

• 1187 - Saladin captures Jerusalem
• 3rd Crusade (1189-1191)
• Richard the Lion-Hearted, Philip II, Frederick I
• Richard and Saladin - Truce 1192
• Jerusalem remained under Muslim control
• Unarmed Christians could visit Jerusalem

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Crusades

• 4th Crusade (1202-1204)
• Looted Constantinople
• Didnt reach Holy Land
• Other unsuccessful crusades
• Childrens Crusade
• Spanish Crusade
• Reconquista - Drive Muslims out of Spain
• Inquisition - Suppress heresy