Due Process

1
Due Process

• The most important legal concept in the American
  system of justice

2
The Fifth Amendmentto the U.S. Constitution

• No person shall be held to answer for a capital,
  or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a
  presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except
  in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or
  in the militia, when in actual service in time of
  war or public danger nor shall any person be
  subject for the same offense to be twice put in
  jeopardy of life or limb nor shall be compelled
  in any criminal case to be a witness against
  himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or
  property, without due process of law nor shall
  private property be taken for public use, without
  just compensation.

3
The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S.
Constitution Due Process Applied to the States

• All persons born or naturalized in the United
  States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof,
  are citizens of the United States and of the
  state wherein they reside. No state shall make or
  enforce any law which shall abridge the
  privileges or immunities of citizens of the
  United States nor shall any state deprive any
  person of life, liberty, or property, without due
  process of law nor deny to any person within its
  jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

4
Elements of Due Process

• A Guarantee of Fairness
• Applies primarily to governmental actions as
  opposed to private ones.
• Must apply specifically to the depravation of
  certain protected rights life liberty, and
  property.
• Life, liberty and property have very expansive
  definitions that have been developed by the
  courts down through the years.

5
Procedural Due Process

• Applies to the formal procedures by which people
  are deprived of life, liberty, or property.
• Before any depravation of life, liberty, or
  property by the government, there must be some
  essential procedures to ensure fairness.

6
Essential Components of Procedural Due Process

• Notification
• Fair Hearing
• Neutral Tribunal
• The extent of procedural due process depends
  primarily on the seriousness of the depravation.
• The more serious the depravation, the more
  extensive the procedural due process safeguards.

7
Substantive Due Process

• Laws must be reasonable attempts to achieve
  legitimate governmental goals.
• The goals must be accomplished by putting the
  least burden on peoples rights.
• Laws must be clear enough so that citizens of
  normal intelligence know what is allowed and what
  is not. (Vagueness)