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The Battle Of Marathon

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Relation to Marine Corps Doctrine. Athenians. Operational. The ... The Battle of Marathon. Relation to Marine Corps Doctrine. Lessons Learned. Lessons Learned ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Battle Of Marathon


1
The Battle Of Marathon
Athenians
Persians
VS
1st Platoon
2
Overview
  • Timeline (GySgt Lamar)
  • Operational Context (GySgt Dueweke)
  • Organization (GySgt Cortez)
  • Significant Leaders (GySgt Hendrix)
  • Weapons Employment (GySgt Hignite)
  • Effects of Terrain/Climate (GySgt Brown)

3
Overview
  • Effects of Logistics (GySgt Avina)
  • Significant Events
    Historical Ramifications (GySgt Gonzales)
  • Relation to Marine Corps Doctrine (GySgt Nunez)
  • Lessons Learned (GySgt Sanchez)

4
The Battle of Marathon
  • Overview
  • Timeline

5
Time Line
  • 490 B.C.
  • July Persian Empire sends an amphibious force to
    conquer Greece
  • Athens deploys 10,000 troops to block Persian
    advance towards Athens
  • Aug 12
  • Ten day standoff
  • Athenians deploy across the field of Marathon

6
Time Line
  • 490 B.C.
  • Athenians sprint towards Persian lines
  • Negated Archers
  • Athenian wings enveloped Persian line
  • Persian line panics and retreats
  • Remaining Persians escape to the sea

7
The Battle of Marathon
  • Timeline
  • Operational

8
Operational
  • 6th Century B.C. Greek colonists settle Ionia
  • Ionians staged unsuccessful revolt
  • Brings Mainland Greece into focus of Persians
  • Persians sent messengers demanding submission

9
Operational
  • Many Greek states accepted offer with exception
    of Athens and Sparta
  • Both armies waited for other to attack to retain
    tactical advantage

10
The Battle of Marathon
  • Operational
  • Organization

11
Organization
  • Athenian Force
  • Strength
  • Experience Training
  • Persian Force
  • Strength
  • Experience Training

12
Organization
  • Athenian Armament
  • Weapons
  • Armor
  • Persian Armament
  • Weapons
  • Armor

13
Organization
  • Athenian Doctrine
  • Persian Doctrine

14
The Battle of Marathon
  • Organization
  • Significant Leaders

15
Miltiades
  • Personal Information
  • 549-488 BC
  • Chief Magistrate / Member of High Court
  • Inherited Rule of Chersonese

16
Miltiades
  • Cont.
  • Served Under King Darius I of Persia in campaigns
    against Scythians
  • Returned to Athens after Ionian revolt failed
  • Elected one of ten Generals

17
Miltiades
  • Influence on the Battle
  • Political
  • Proposed Athenians meet Persians without Spartan
    reinforcements
  • Convinced Callimachus in tie breaking vote

18
Miltiades
  • Cont.
  • Strategic
  • Based on knowledge of Persian Tactics
  • Weak Center / Double Envelopment

19
Callimachus
  • Personal Information
  • Born in Aphindre (date unknown)
  • Polemarch
  • Died in Battle of Marathon

20
Callimachus
  • Influence on the Battle
  • Political
  • Equal say in military matters
  • Broke stalemate by casting deciding vote to meet
    Persians
  • Tactical
  • Commanded the right wing that enveloped the
    Persians

21
Artaphernes
  • Background
  • Persian prince
  • Brother to King Darius I
  • General of the Achaemenid Persian Empire
  • Governor of Sardis, capitol of Lydia
  • Landed at Naxos, Eretria

22
Artaphernes
  • Role at Marathon
  • Cavalry
  • Overconfident/ Lack of Preparation
  • No backup plan/ adherence to doctrine
  • No retrograde/ withdraw plan

23
Datis
  • Background
  • Median Admiral
  • Siege at Lindos failed
  • Siege at Naxos and Eretria
  • Sailed to Bay of Marathon

24
Datis
  • Role at Marathon
  • Largely unknown, likely 2nd in command
  • Arrived at Marathon first
  • Overconfident
  • Lack of defensive preparation

25
The Battle of Marathon
  • Significant Leaders
  • Weapons Employment

26
Weapons Employment
  • Influence on the Commander
  • Main Weapon - Long heavy spear
  • Heavy Armament - Heavy Shields, Helmets, Breast
    Plates
  • Lack of mobility No Calvary

27
Weapons Employment
  • Cont.
  • Limited stand off distance No Firepower No
    Archers
  • Excellent at close combat
  • Militiades used speed as a weapon
  • Center of Gravity Close combat
  • Used a strike stab technique

28
Weapons Employment
  • Influence on The Battlefield
  • Athenians lack of stand off distance shaped the
    battlefield
  • Vast battlefield favored the Persians
  • Weapons required them to be close
  • Speed was their most valuable weapon

29
Weapons Employment
  • Influence on The Commander
  • Overwhelming firepower
  • Troops
  • Calvary
  • Archers
  • Overconfident

30
Weapons Employment
  • Influence on The Battlefield
  • Archers increased stand off
  • Calvary not used
  • Spears lightly made
  • Swords could not penetrate Athenian armor

31
The Battle of Marathon
  • Weapons Employment
  • Effects of Terrain
    Climate

32
Terrain
33
Effects of Terrain/Climate
  • Greece Tropical 70-75
  • Bay, Plains, Rocky Cliffs Mountains
  • Persians
  • What is now known as Turkey
  • Average Temp 50-60
  • Two Key Pieces of terrain
  • Marsh
  • Rocky Cliffs and mountains

34
The Battle of Marathon
Effects of Terrain
Climate Effects of Logistics
35
Effects of Logistics
  • Athenian Army 10,000 11,000
  • Athenian Soldiers
  • Hoplites (citizen soldiers)
  • Hoplites Full Armor
  • Transportation
  • Supply
  • Medical/ Wounded/ Dead

36
Logistics (Hoplites)
37
Effects of Logistics
  • Persians Army 25,000
  • Sea based (Amphibious)
  • Soldiers consisted of
  • Transportation (600 ships)
  • Supply
  • Medical

38
Logistics (Persians)
39
Logistics
40
The Battle of Marathon
  • Effects of Logistics
  • Significant Events Historical
    Ramifications

41
Significant Events
Historical Ramifications
  • Military Charge
  • Maneuver (Feint)
  • Vulnerability and shortfalls

42
The Battle of Marathon
Significant Events Historical
Ramifications Relation to Marine Corps
Doctrine
43
Athenians
  • Operational
  • The Athenians set blocking position
  • Compare to MEU
  • Initial push in Afghanistan
  • Changing tactics
  • Current combat operations

44
Athenians
  • Tactics
  • Blocking position
  • Still in use today
  • Fallujah

45
Persians
  • Operational
  • Landed at Marathon
  • Stalemate for 10 days
  • Sending cavalry back
  • Not used today

46
Persians
  • Tactical
  • Elite troops in center
  • Stood their ground
  • Not counting on Athenians speed
  • Confusion of battle
  • Persians flank open
  • Not use today

47
Persians
  • Cont.
  • Persian tactics are more defensive
  • This is use today
  • Create casualties
  • Cavalry
  • Still in use today

48
The Battle of Marathon
  • Relation to Marine Corps Doctrine
  • Lessons Learned

49
Lessons Learned
  • Athenians
  • Knowledge
  • leaders Fought for Persians
  • Neutralized offensive attack
  • US Forces Today
  • Minimum Soldier and Marines
  • Use of Terrain
  • Element of Surprise

50
Lessons Learned
  • Cont.
  • Speed to overcome firepower
  • 2003 US Raced to Baghdad

51
Lessons Learned
  • Persians
  • No Allies
  • US uses allies to achieve common purpose
  • Allied Nations provide aide
  • Misuse of supporting arms
  • HAW-MAW-LAW

52
Summary
  • Timeline
  • Operational Context
  • Organization
  • Significant Leaders
  • Weapons Employment
  • Effects of Terrain/Climate

53
Cont.
  • Effects of Logistics
  • Significant Events
    Historical Ramifications
  • Relation to Marine Corps Doctrine
  • Lessons Learned
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