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Climate change, agriculture and health

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Increased frequency & severity of extreme events. Further shift in distribution of hunger to Africa ... complex, localised impacts on smallholders, pastoralists ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Climate change, agriculture and health


1
Climate change, agriculture and health
  • Stuart Gillespie
  • Senior Research Fellow
  • International Food Policy Research Institute
  • UKCDS, London, 29 May 2008

2
Agriculture Climate change
Health
3
CC and food
  • Gradual build-up of pressure on systems
  • via changes in temperature, precipitation, sea
    level
  • Increased frequency severity of extreme events
  • Further shift in distribution of hunger to Africa
  • Vulnerability (exposure, sensitivity, adaptive
    capacity)
  • multiple livelihood stressors and modifiers
  • complex, localised impacts on smallholders,
    pastoralists
  • women, children, elderly most vulnerable
  • Food availability, stability, access (prices),
    utilization all affected

4
CC and health
  • Direct and indirect impacts (via water, food, air
    etc)
  • Malnutrition
  • Vector-borne disease (malaria, dengue)
  • Diarrhoeal disease (water, sanitation)
  • Cardio-respiratory (heatwaves, pollution)
  • Deaths and injuries (extreme events, social
    disruptions)
  • HIV and AIDS

5
CC HIV pathways
  • CC affects HIV vulnerability (upstream) and
    ability to respond to AIDS impacts (downstream).
    AIDS constrains capacity to adapt to CC.
  • Food, nutrition
  • Farming, natural resource management
  • Health
  • Malaria, TB, dengue
  • Social disruptions
  • Capacity, governance

6
HIV and Climate Change (UNEP/UNAIDS, Nyon, 20
May 2008)
Pre-existing food insecurity
Envtl disasters, Physical hazards, Livelihood
loss, Resource conflicts
Population displacement
(farm-workers)
Decreased food yields
Inequality/poverty
Climate change
Under-nutrition
Social disruptions
eg dysentery
Other Inf Diseases
Transactional and coercive sex IV drug use
eg malaria
Immune impairment
HIV AIDS
Weak capacity governance
7
Issues and challenges (learning from HIV)
  • Denialism
  • Global or local?
  • Techno-fixation (e.g. medicalization of HIV
    response)
  • Polarization (e.g. either nutrition or ARVs?)
  • balance mitigation (technical) with adaptation
    (social solutions)
  • Long-wave, synchrony
  • AIDS research has looked backwards, CC looks
    forwards
  • both need longitudinal surveillance, cohort
    studies
  • Systemic, not sectoral
  • implications for institutional frameworks and
    governance
  • Multidisciplinary networks
  • climate, energy, agriculture, health, social
    scientists

8
Agriculture Climate change
Health
9
  • Nutrition, diet and health
  • Food-borne disease, food safety, supply chains
  • Water-related disease and water management
  • Animal diseases, avian flu and livelihoods
  • HIV/AIDS and agriculture
  • Occupational health

10
Source Hawkes and Ruel 2006
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