College English Book Two

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College EnglishBook Two

• Edited by Hu Wenzhong, Ma Yuanxi,
• Zhu Jue and Li He
• Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press

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Contents

• Lesson One
• Lesson Two
• Lesson Three
• Lesson Four
• Lesson Five
• Lesson Six
• Lesson Seven
• Lesson Eight
• Lesson Nine
• Lesson Ten
• Lesson Eleven
• Lesson Twelve

• Lesson Thirteen
• Lesson Fourteen
• Lesson Fifteen
• Lesson Sixteen

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Lesson Six

• Words and Expressions
• Pattern Drills
• Text A Cambridge---the University Town
• Notes to the Text
• Oral and Written Work
• Grammar
• Exercises
• Chinese Translation of Text A

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Words and Expressions

• AD(in the year) since the birth of Christ ??
• afford vt. Spare enough time or money for
• as well too ??
• belong to vi. To be the property of ??
• boiling adj. ???
• book vt. To arrange in advance to have(sth.) ??
• boxing n. the sport of fighting with tightly
  closed hands
• Cambridge n. ??(????)
• centre vi. To gather to a center ???
• chancellor n. The president of certain American
  universities ????

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• church n. A building for public, especially
  Christian worship??
• Chub n. a society of people who join together for
  a certain purpose, esp. sport or amusement ???
• countess n. The wife or widow of a count in
  various European countries ???????
• cousin n. the child of ones uncle or aunt
  ?(?)??,?(?)??
• dig n. Chiefly British Lodgings????
• direction n. The distance-independent
  relationship between two points in space that
  specifies the angular position of either with
  respect to the other the relationship by which
  the alignment or orientation of any position with
  respect to any other position is established??

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• disease n. A pathological condition of a part, an
  organ, or a system of an organism resulting from
  various causes, such as infection, genetic
  defect, or environmental stress, and
  characterized by an identifiable group of signs
  or symptoms???
• disturb vt. To interfere with interrupt??(??)
• faculty n. a branch or division of learning, esp.
  in a university (???)??
• fill out to put in (whatever is needed to
  complete something) ??
• final adj. last, coming at the end ??
• form n. A document with blanks for the insertion
  of details or information??
• ghost n. The spirit of a dead person, especially
  one believed to appear in bodily likeness to
  living persons or to haunt former habitats???

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• gown n. The faculty and student body of a
  university(????)??????
• graduate n. a person who has completed a
  university degree course, esp. for a first degree
  ?????
• hate ut. to have a great dislike of ?
• heart n. the centre ??
• imaginary adj. Having existence only in the
  imagination unreal ???????
• in fact reallyactually ???
• journal n. a periodical magazine, newspaper a
  magazine issued at regular times ????
• lead vi. To tend toward a certain goal or
  result??
• lodging n. Furnished rooms in another's house
  rented for accommodation?????(???)??

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• Manchester vi. ????(????)
• market place n. ??
• Milan n. ??
• Oxford n. ??
• photographic adj. ???
• pub n. public house ??
• recognize vt. to acknowledge to be true or valid,
  etc.
• refound vt. ??
• Religious adj. Of, concerned with, or teaching
  religion????
• postgraduate n. One who is engaged in
  postgraduate study ???
• priest n. clergyman of a Christian church ????
• properly adv. Right suitable correct ???
• provide vt. To supply (something needed or
  useful) ??

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• see sb. off to go to say or wave goodbye to
  sb.?????
• separation n. breading or coming apart ??
• sign n. a mark ??
• society n.A group of human beings broadly
  distinguished from other groups by mutual
  interests, participation in characteristic
  relationships, shared institutions, and a common
  culture??
• source n. a place from which something comes ??
• staircase vt. to say, express or put in words ??
• supervisor n. ??
• the Black Death n. ???
• tutor n. A graduate, usually a fellow,
  responsible for the supervision of an
  undergraduate at some British universities(???????
  )???????????

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• undergraduate n. a university student who has not
  yet taken his first degree n. ??????????
• university town n. ???
• up to until ??

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Pattern Drills

• Drill A
• ----Im sorry I wasnt able to come
  earlier.
• ----Why couldnt you?
• ----By the time I got to the station the school
  bus had left. Then I had to wait another twenty
  minutes be fore I managed to get on a public bus.
• 1)get the film magazine for you / I got to town
  the book-stores had all closed.
• 2) get your book for you / I got to the library
  they had stopped lending books.
• 3)see my aunt off / I got to her place she had
  already gone to the railway station. And when I
  arrived at the station the train had just left.

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• Drill B
• ----Why didnt you clean the washroom yesterday?
  
• ----Because Id cleaned it the day be fore.
• ----Im sorry I didnt know. I was looking for
  you all this morning. Where were you?
• ----I was writing my essay in the library. I
  finished it by lunchtime.
• 1) hand in your exercise-book / already hand it
  in / help Lao Wang with the wall newspaper
• 2) book a train ticket / buy one in town last
  Sunday / shop for myself and my roommates
• 3) take pictures of your high school friends
  while they were here / already take their
  pictures / translate an article for the
  university journal
• Drill C
• 1) Please ask him to fill out this form.
• He told me just now heed already done
  so.

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• Good. Did he say if he had handed it
  in?
• No, he didnt.
• 2) Please give him this message from his cousin.
• He told me hed already got it.
• Did he say who had given it to him?
• No, he didnt .
• 3) Please tell him to put up a notice about the
  lecture.
• He said hed already done so.
• Did he say where he had put it up?
• No, he didnt.
• 4) Please make him go and see the doctor.
• He told me hed already done so.
• Did he say what medicine the doctor
  had given him?
• No, he didnt.

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• Drill D
• v.doing
• verbs used in this pattern start, begin,
  finish, stop, mind, like, love, hate, practise,
  remember, enjoy, keep (on), continue, prefer,
  cant help, go on, etc.
• 1) Do you mind putting this picture up for me?
• Of course not.
• 2) I hate disturbing the others. Lets stop our
  singing practice.
• No, dont stop. I enjoy listening to
  you.
• 3) I remember closing the window after I
  finished typing. Why is it open now? Im the only
  person who has the key to the room. Perhaps there
  are ghosts in here.
• What nonsense! You probably didnt close
  it properly.
• 4) When shall we start airing our winter
  clothes?
• I prefer ding it early, in September,
  when theres no wind.

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• Pattern Drills
• 1. another twenty minutes twenty more minutes
• Normally another is followed by a
  singular noun. We can say another day, but not
  another days. It, however, can be followed by few
  or a number with a plural noun. e. g.
• Ive got another two (two more) weeks
  before the holiday ends.
• There is room for another few (few
  more) in the back of the bus.
• Note that instead of another three days, we
  could say three more days, but not (in this case)
  three other days.
• 2. by lunch time
• by not later than at or before, but
  not after. e. g.
• You can borrow my camera, but I must have
  it back by 5 oclock.
• By the time is used with a verb to mean
  not later than the moment that something
  happens, as in Ill be back by the time you get
  home.

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Text Cambridge the University Town

• When we say that Cambridge is a university
  town we do not mean just that it is a town with a
  university in it . Manchester and Milan have
  universities, but we do not call them university
  towns. A university town is one where there is no
  clear separation between the university buildings
  and the rest of the city. The university is not
  just one part of the town it is all over the
  town. The heart of Cambridge has its shops, pubs,
  market place and so on, but most of it is
  university colleges, faculties, libraries,
  clubs and other places for university staff and
  students. Students fill the shops, cafes, banks
  and churches, making these as well part of the
  university.
• The town was there first. Two Roman roads
  crossed there, and there are signs of building
  before Roman times (earlier than AD 43.) Trouble
  in 1209 caused come students and their teachers

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• to move. Cambridge became a centre of
  learning, and the authority of the head of the
  university, the chancellor, was recognized by the
  king in 1226.
• At that time many of the students were very
  young (about fifteen), and many of the teachers
  were not more than twenty-one. At first they
  found lodgings where they could, but this led to
  trouble between town and gown, and many students
  were too poor to afford lodgings. Colleges were
  opened so that students could live cheaply. This
  was the beginning of the college system which has
  continued at Cambridge up to the present day.
• The colleges were built with money from
  kings, queens, religious houses or other sources.
  One example is Clare College. It was first
  founded in 1326 as University Hall. After the
  Black Death (a disease which killed nearly half
  the population of England between 1349 and 1350)
  it was refounded with money from the Countess of
  Clare. In providing it , the Countess stated

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• that the college was to be for the education
  of priests and scholars. Today there are nearly
  thirty colleges. The newest are University
  College, founded in 1965, and Clare Hall, founded
  in 1966, both for graduates. Very few students
  can now live in college for the whole of their
  course the numbers are too great. Many of them
  live in lodgings digs at first and move
  into college for their final year. But every
  student is a member of his college from the
  beginning. While he is in digs he must eat a
  number of meals in the college hall each week.
  His social and sports life centres on the
  college, although he will also join various
  university societies and clubs. To make this
  clearer, take the imaginary case of John Smith.

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• He is an undergraduate at Queens College.
  His rooms are on E staircase, not far from his
  tutors rooms on C staircase. He has dinner in
  the fine old college hall four times a week. He
  plays rugger for Queens and hopes to be chosen
  to play for the university this year. His other
  favourite sport is boxing, and he is a member of
  the university club. He is reading history, and
  goes once a week to Emmanuel College to see his
  supervisor to discuss his work and his lectures.
  He belongs to several university societies the
  Union, the Historical Society, a photographic
  club, and so on and to a number of college
  societies.
• With about 8,250 undergraduates like John
  Smith and over 2,000 postgraduates, the city is a
  busy place in full term. Undergraduates are not
  allowed to keep cars in Cambridge, so nearly all
  of them use bicycles. Dont try to drive through
  Cambridge during the five minutes between
  lectures. On Mondays John Smith has a lecture in
  Downing College ending at 9.55 and another in
  Trinity at 10. His bicycle must get him there
  through through a boiling sea of other bicycles
  hurrying in all

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• directions. If you are in Cambridge at five
  minutes to the hour any morning of full term, you
  know that you are in a university town. Stop in
  some safe place, and wait.
• Text A
• 1. as well too, also.
• More examples with as well and too
• She not only sings she plays the piano
  as well.
• I was in Germany last summer too.
• Note that as well too and too normally go
  at the end of the sentence.
• As well and too have similar meanings. They
  can refer to the subject or another part of the
  sentence according to the situation.
• Consider
• John teaches skiing as well.
• This could mean three different things
• 1) Other people teach, and John does as well.

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• 2) John teaches other things, and
  skiing as well.
• 3) John does other things, and teaches
  skiing as well.
• 2. Two Roman roads crossed there.
• to cross to lie across intersect. e.
  g.
• Parallel lines cannot cross.
• Note the other meanings of cross when
  used as a verb in the following examples
• My letter to her and her letter to me
  crossed (v. i. met and passed) in the mail.
• He crossed out (v. t. cancelled by
  drawing a line or lines over) the wrong word.
• He crossed (v. t. put or laid across)
  his arms.
• Cross the street (v. t move from one
  side to the other )at the corner.
• Main street crossed (v. t lay across)
  Market street.

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• The ship crossed (v. t carried or
  transported across) the soldiers to a new theatre
  of battle.
• He crossed (v. t. met and passed) her
  on the stairs.
• If anyone crosses (v. t. fig. hinders
  or opposes) him, he gets angry.
• 3. Trouble in Oxford in 1209 caused some students
  and their teachers to move More examples
  with the verb pattern to cause sb. to do sth. or
  sth. to happen
• His illness caused him to miss the
  game.
• What caused him to change his mind?
• Heating a copper bar will cause it to
  expand.
• It can also be followed by an NP direct
  object or double objects.
• What caused his illness?
• He often causes trouble to/for
  people.
• This car causes me a lot of trouble.

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• To cause has the same meaning as to lead
  to.
• More examples
• Hard work leads to success.
• Smoking cigarettes leads to lung
  disease.
• but this led to trouble between
  town and gown
• 4. , and may students were too poor to afford
  lodgings.
• Afford is generally used with can,
  could, able to and usually occurs in either the
  interrogative or the negative. e. g.
• I cant afford to run a car.
• More examples with afford
• Can you afford 100 000 for a
  house?
• Since she lost her job, she cannot
  afford (to have) a car.
• I cant afford three weeks away from
  work.
• 5. digs (also diggings) lodgings, e. g.
• When his family left the city, Tom
  moved into digs.

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• 6. His social and sports life centres on the
  college,
• To centre can be used either as an
  intransitiye verb or as a transitive verb,
  meaning to focus, fix.
• Further examples
• The conversation (was) centred on
  the election.
• She centred her attention on the
  problem.
• Do women centre their lives
  around the home now?
• Our thoughts (are) centred upon
  one idea.
• 7. His bicycle must get him there
• Paraphrase
• He must ride there on a bicycle.

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Notes to the Text

• 1. Manchester and Milan have universities, but we
  do not call them university towns.
• Manchester has long been the leading
  textile city of England. It is also the centre
  of printing and publishing in northern England.
  Its population was 540,000 in 1971. It has two
  universities (Manchester and Salford) and a large
  institute of science and technology (UMIST).
• Milan is the second largest city in
  Italy. It has long been a commecial, financial
  and industrial centre. There are three
  universities and a polytechnic institute in the
  city. Its population was 1,724,000 in 1971.
• 2. Two Roman roads crossed there.
• At the time of the Roman Empire
  there was a system of highways liking Rome with
  its most distant provinces. The roads

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• ran in a straight line. Their chief purpose
  was military, but they also were of great
  commercial importance. Cambridge was originally
  the site of a Roman fort, which explains why two
  Roman roads crossed there.
• 3. Trouble in Oxford in 1209 caused some students
  and their teachers to move.
• In Oxford there were frequent
  conflicts between the town and the university
  during the 13th century. The university had the
  support of the church and the king and was
  usually victorious. But the conflict in 1209 made
  some teachers and students leave Oxford and move
  to Cambridge.
• 4. This led to trouble between town and gown.
• This refers to the trouble between the
  people of the town and the university. Teachers
  and students used to wear gowns, mostly black, on
  university campuses. This is no longer observed
  except in the ancient universities and academic
  dress is usually worn

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• only on formal occasions. The gown here
  stands for the university.
• 5. the Black Death
• The worst plague occurred in 1334 and
  is estimated to have killed three quarters of the
  population of Europe and Asia. It started in
  Constantinople and spread throughout Europe. It
  lasted almost twenty years.

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Oral and Written Work

• 1. Pair work
• 1) In what way is a Chinese university different
  from Cambridge?
• 2) Describe the life of a typical Chinese college
  student.
• 3) Is there anything you wish to do as a student
  but have not been able to do?
• 4) What do you do on an average day?
• 2. Group work
• Discuss the following and report your ideas to
  the class.
• 1) What do you think a students life should be
  like?
• 2) What are some of the things you wish to do and
  dont have time for?

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• 3) If you were the chairman of the student union,
  how would you organize the life of the students?
  What societies would you want to set up? How
  would you involve as many students as possible?
• 4) What are some of the difficulties you meet
  with at college?
• 3. Complete the following dialogue
• Eliza Did you go to the party last night, Bob?
• Bob
• Eliza Im sorry to hear that. Have you been to
  the dentist?
• Bob
• Eliza I think youd better see a dentist as soon
  as possible.
• Bob
• Eliza Perhaps youre right. You do need to get
  rid of the infection first.

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Grammar

• The Past Perfect Tense
• The past perfect indicates past in
  the past that is, a time further in the past as
  seen from a definite point in the past. e. g.
• Mr Brown had learned some Chinese
  before he came to China.
• When we got to the station the train
  had already left.
• 1. In this sense we can say the past perfect is
  a relative tense, that is, it is rarely used
  all by itself. It is normally used with reference
  to another action or a point of time in the past.
  It is, therefore, incorrect to say, He had read
  Moby Dick. unless the context makes it clear
  what time point the sentence is related to.
• 2. When describing one event following another
  in the past, we can show their relation by using
  the past perfect for the earlier event,

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• or else we can use the past tense for both,
  and rely on the conjunction (e. g. after, when)
  to show which event took place earlier. For
  example, we can either say
• When the teacher had left the room
  ,the children started talking.
• Or After (When) the teacher left the room,
  the children started talking.
• The sentences mean roughly the same, and
  indicate that the teacher left before the
  children started talking.
• More examples of the past perfect follow
• He met her in Paris in 1977. He had
  last seen her ten years before.
• Her hair had been grey then now it
  was white.
• He arrived at 2.30. He had been told to
  wait at the entrance of the hotel.

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Exercises

• Phonetics
• 1. Read
• Rhythmic Pattern 6- Ooo O
• Whats to be done? Give him a call.
  Led me a hand.
• Where have you been? Leave it alone.
  Write it in ink.
• Where have they gone? Do it again.
  Throw it away.
• Not in the least. time and
  again Meet me tonight.
• Nothing at all. just for right
  over there Show me the way.
• No one is in. out of the way
  Pass me the sale.
• 2. Read the following, paying attention to
  sound-linking
• a bright idea in an
  instant Read it again.
• a short arm at an
  airport Put it on.

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• an eight-hour day on an
  island Take it along.
• first of all
  Thats good enough,
• not at all
  Lets look at it.
• most of us
  Hes worked it out.
• By the time I got there they were all sold
  out.
• Please put up a notice about the lecture.
• Why is it open now?
• It is a town with a university in it.
• The university is not just one part of the
  town it is all over the town.
• 3. Read
• Nothing Gold Can Stay
• Natures first green is gold.
• Her hardest hue to hold.
  

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• Her early leafs a flower
• But only so an hour.
• Then leaf subsides to leaf.
• So Eden sank to grief,
• So dawn goes down to day.
  
• Nothing gold can stay.
• 
  Robert Frost
• Grammar
• 4. Put the verbs in the right tenses. Use the
  past perfect where necessary
• 1) Almost all the guests (to leave) by
  the time we (to arrive ) .
• 2) He (to return) to his post full of
  energy his leave (to do) him good.
• 3) He (never to be ) ill in his life
  until he (to go) into the jungle.

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• 4) I (to come) to tell him they were the
  wrong seeds, but he (to plant) them
  already.
• 5) The company (not to hire) him
  because he (to lie) about his past
  experience.
• 6) A man who (to be attacked) by bandits
  (to lie) bleeding on the road.
• 7) After a while he (to realize) that he
  (to take) the wrong path.
• 8) He (to try) to fan the fir, but it
  (to burn out) .
• 9) She (to want) to know what (to
  happen) at the meeting.
• 10) Three out of the four ships (to return)
  one (to be delayed) by a storm.
• 11) The weather (to be) far worse than
  we (to expect) .
• 12) The girl who (to promise) to
  baby-sit for them (to be ) too ill to do
  so.

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• 13) I (not know) that they (to move)
  back to their old home.
• 14) I (to hear) many things about this
  country before I (to come) here.
• 5. Put the verbs in the correct tense
• 1) When her husband (arrive)
  unexpectedly at the railway station at. Noon
  yest-erday, Ingram, of course, (be)
  very happy. Her husband (say) that he
  (not be) away long, but she (not
  expect) him back for another week. The telegram
  that (announce) his arrival
  (come) after breakfast and she barely
  (have) time to get to the station to meet his
  train. As they (go) home by bus, they
  (be) full of questions and news for each
  other.
• 2) Old Mr Brown (wait) impatiently for
  Oliver to return home. He (expect) that
  the boy (be) back in twenty minutes, but
  he (be) away for nearly four hours. He
  (tell) him very clearly where the shop
  (be). But the boy (not

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• return) . He (lose) his way?
  Impossible. The old man (begin) to
  wonder if the thieves (get) hold of the
  boy again.
• 6. Translate
• 1) ??????,?????????????
• 2)??????,????????
• 3)??????????,??????
• 4)????????????,?????????
• 5)?????????(to say one word of reprimand)??,????
  ????
• 6)??????????????(to order)???
• 7) ??????? (to sit down to dinner)???????????????
• 8) ???????,??????????? (one page of the
  examination paper was missing).

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• 9) ??????????,?????????????????,??????????????,???
  ???
• 10) ??????????
• ????????????
• ????????
• ??????????????,?????????
• Vocabulary
• 7. Pick out nouns that have no plural form
• teacher, worker, staff, cook,
  technician
• bag, satchel, baggage, luggage,
  handbag
• note, information, rumour, message
• advice, help, warning, tip,
  encouragement
• chair , sofa, furniture, stool,
  cupboard.

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• 8. Choose the best word for the blanks
• 1) A university normally consists of several
  , which may be widely apart from each other.
• 2) Normal provide free board and
  for all students.
• 3) A has a kitchen and a bathroom, but a
  doesnt.
• 4) A student at Oxford could meet his
  several times a week.
• 5) In writing a thesis each student is assigned a
  whose job it is to give the student
  guidance and help.
• 6) Baseball is a sport of Japanese
  students.
• 7) Conditions are for developing
  maritime sports in Qingdao.

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• 8) The of International Economic
  Management was established two years ago.
• 9. Complete the following sentences with a gerund
  or an infinitive
• 1) He is a person who likes
• 2) Long before the football season began they had
  started
• 3) When do you think you can finish ?
• 4) I wouldnt mind
• 5) When she heard of her brothers sudden death
  she couldnt help
• 6) In spite of his failures he kept
• 7) How can you say you hate ?
• 8) In poetry he prefers
• 10. Rewrite the sentences with expressions from
  the text

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• 1) He hasnt got enough money to buy a colour TV.
• 2) Apricot trees are everywhere on the hills.
• 3) He persisted and in the end succeeded in his
  experiment.
• 4) You can see there is change everywhere.
• 5) They would like to find out whether Mark
  wanted to be a member of the Photographic
  Society.
• 6) There is all-round expansion of the city.
• 7) He te a couple of the oranges and gave the
  remainder to his fellow students.
• 8) They cannot understand why he lost confidence
  so easily.
• 9) The village school used to be the centre of
  all cultural activities.
• 10) Romanticism did not become a trend until the
  beginning of the 19 th century.

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• KEY TO THE EXERCISES
• 4. 1) had left arrived
• 2) returned had done
• 3) had never been went
• 4) came had planted
• 5) didnt hire had lied
• 6) had been attacked lay
• 7) realized had taken
• 8) tried had burned out
• 9) wanted had happened
• 10) returned had been delayed
• 11) was had expected
• 12) had promised was
• 13) didnt know had moved
• 14) (had) heard came

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• 5. 1) arrived was had said would not be
  didnt expect had announced came had barely
  had went were
• 2) was waiting had expected would be had
  been had sent had told was had not returned
  had he lost began had got
• 6. 1) Our county had built three cinemas by the
  and of last month.
• 2) By the time we got to the airport, the
  plane had already taken off.
• 3) She didnt give the book back to me
  yesterday, because she had not finished reading
  it yet.
• 4) When the foreign visitors got to the
  factory nursery, the children were having their
  lunch.
• 5) The child (had) started crying before the
  mother said a word of reprimand.
• 6) They never received any book they (had)
  ordered.
• 7) By the time / As soon as we sat down to
  dinner the others had left the dining-hall.

44

• 8) The examination had started before they
  found that one page of the examination paper was
  missing. Or they didnt find that one page of
  the examination paper was missing until the exam
  had started.
• 9) When I came back last night, I noticed
  that the lights were still on in my room. I was
  puzzled because I felt certain that I had turned
  them off when I left the room.
• 10) What did you do yesterday afternoon?
• I went to the Beijing Library to
  borrow some books.
• What did you borrow?
• Nothing, because by the time I got
  there, the library had already closed.
• 7. staff / baggage luggage / information / help
  encouragement / furniture
• 8. 1) colleges 2)universities
  lodging 3) dormitory
• 4) Teacher 5) tutor
  6) favourite

45

• 7) favourable 8) Institute
• 9. 1) He cant afford (to buy) a color TV.
• 2) Apricot trees are all over the hills.
• 3) His persistence led to the success in his
  experiment.
• 4) You can see sings of change everywhere.
• 5) They would like to find out whether Mark
  wanted to join the Photographic Society.
• 6) The city expands in all directions / There
  is expansion of the city in all directions.
• 7) He ate a couple of oranges and gave the
  rest to his fellow students.
• 8) They cannot understand what caused him to
  lose his confidence so easily.
• 9) All cultural activities used to centre o
  the village school.
• 10) Romanticism didnt become a trend until
  the beginning of the 19th century.

46
Test

• I. Vocabulary and structure
• 1.

47
Chinese Translation of the Text

• ?????
• ????????,???????????????????????????
  ???,??????????????????????????????????,??????????
  ??????,????????????????????????,??????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????,???????
  ????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????
  ??(????????),?

48

• ?????1209???????????????????????,???????????
  ????????1226??????????
• ??,????????(?????),?????????????,?????
  ??????????????????????????????,?????????????,??,??
  ???????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????
  ??1326???????????????(????13491350???,?????????
  ??????????)?????????????????????????????,???????
  ?????????,??,????????????????????,??1965??????
  ,??1966??????????????????,????????????????

49

• ?,????????????????????????,??????????????????
  ????????,?????????????????????????????????????????
  ?,???????????????????????????????,??????????????,
  ??????
• ?????????????????E???,??????????C??
  ??????????????????????????????????,?????????????
  ??????????????,??????????????????????,????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??,????????????????
• ??????????????8250???,????2000?????,
  ?????????????????????

50

• ???,?????????????,??,?????????????????????,??
  ???????????????????????,????????,????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????,????????????????,???????????????????,??
  ????????????????