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Confined Space Entry Training Session

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Title: Confined Space Entry Training Session


1
Confined Space EntryTraining Session
2
Introduction
  • Working in confined spaces can involve hazards
    that typically wouldnt exist in other
    situations
  • Hazards frequently arent dealt with because
    there have never been any problems before.

3
Purpose
  • UWSP has a written confined space entry program
    to guide work in confined spaces for use by all
    departments.http//www.uwsp.edu/ehs/

4
Objective
  • To provide an introduction to the hazards,
    protective measures, equipment, procedures and
    duties associated with CSE.

5
Training Topics
  • Personal and topic introduction
  • Training requirements
  • Definition of terms
  • Confined space hazards
  • Videos
  • Confined space categories
  • Assessing confined spaces
  • Marking confined spaces

6
Training Topics (cont.)
  • Written procedures
  • Using the permit system
  • Preparing a space for entry
  • Testing the air in a confined space
  • Using ventilation equipment
  • CSE duties
  • Rescue procedures
  • Coordinating working with contractors
  • Auditing the program

7
Confined Space Statistics
  • 65 of all fatalities were due to air quality
    problems
  • 100 of fatalities at 139 sites in 17 states in a
    2-yr. period had one thing in common--no detector
    instruments or powered ventilation
  • 29 of all people who died were supervisors
  • 60 of all who die are rescuers
  • 25 died in spaces ready to kill

8
Training
  • Who needs it?
  • Why do you need it?
  • When do you need it?
  • Frequency?

9
Key Definitions
  • Confined space
  • Permit-required confined space
  • Non-permit confined space
  • Hazardous atmosphere
  • Entry
  • Emergency
  • IDLH (e.g. CO 1200, H2S 100 ppm)

10
Potential CS Hazards
  • Engulfment
  • shifting liquid or solid substance that traps
    employee
  • Configuration
  • Walls or floor which slope downward or taper in
    can trap an employee
  • Physical Hazards
  • Contact with mechanical or electrical equipment,
    steam or other sources of heat, moving parts,
    energy.
  • Oxygen Hazards
  • too much or too little
  • Toxic Hazards
  • gases, vapors or fumes (examples hydrogen
    sulfide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide)
  • Flammable or Explosive Hazards
  • vapors or dusts in concentrations large enough to
    ignite

11
Hazardous atmosphere
  • Hazardous atmosphere
  • (1) Flammable gas, vapor, or mist in excess of 10
    percent of its lower flammable limit
  • (2) Airborne combustible dust at a concentration
    that meets or exceeds its LFL
  • NOTE This concentration may be approximated as a
    condition in which the dust obscures vision at a
    distance of 5 feet (1.52 m) or less.
  • (3) Atmospheric oxygen concentration below 19.5
    percent or above 23.5 percent
  • (4) Concentration of a substance capable of
    causing death, incapacitation, impairment of
    ability to self-rescue, injury, or acute illness
    in excess of its PEL or other known safe level.
    (5) Any other atmospheric condition that is
    immediately dangerous to life or health.

12
How do AtmosphericHazards Occur?
  • Previously stored chemicals/products
  • Leaks/spills
  • Infiltration
  • Chemical reactions
  • Operations conducted within the space
  • Inerting with nonflammable products
  • Pneumatic tools
  • Employees are not to enter spaces with any
    hazardous atmospheres.

13
What is Air?
14
Flammable (p. 9)
  • UEL Upper Explosive Limit
  • LEL Lower Explosive Limit
  • ALARM at 10 LEL

Example Gasoline
15
Methane (CH4)
  • Natural gas, swamp gas.
  • Due to gas leak or organic decay
  • Colorless/odorless flammable gas, or scented
  • LEL 5 UEL 15

16
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
  • Colorless, odorless gas
  • Slightly lighter than air
  • Chemical asphyxiant/Flammable. Deadly!
  • Primary source incomplete combustion of organic
    material
  • Gasoline-fueled combustion engines
  • Signs/Symptoms Confusion. Dizziness. Headache.
    Nausea. Unconsciousness. Weakness.
  • IDLH 1200 ppm. 8-Hour PEL 50 ppm
  • CO Alarm point 35 ppm

17
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
  • Sewer gas, stink gas (rotten eggs)
  • Odor threshold 0.02-0.2 ppm
  • Colorless, flammable gas. Strong odor BUT
    Fatigues your senses.
  • Deadly! Very high concentrations lead to
    cardiorespiratory arrest because of brainstem
    toxicity. Affect nervous system.
  • Heavier than air
  • IDLH H2S 100 ppm
  • 8 hr. PEL 10 PPM
  • Alarm Point 10 ppm

18
Other Chemical Hazards
  • Chemical contamination of surfaces
  • Routes of entry (skin absorption, eye contact,
    ingestion, injection)
  • Types of effects (irritation, chemical burns,
    systemic toxicity)

19
Physical Hazards
  • Electrical
  • Slips, trips, and falls
  • Augers, turbines, blades, pumps
  • Falling objects and materials
  • Drowning or engulfment
  • Converging sections
  • Fire/explosion
  • Noise
  • Heat
  • Psychological

20
Engulfment
21
Configuration
22
Other Hazards
23
Other Hazards
24
Identification, Assessment and Classification
  • Confined space inventory
  • Hazard assessments and control
  • Confined space classification
  • Follow-up

25
Confined Space Categories
  • Non-permit spaces
  • Permit-required spaces
  • Permit-required spaces that can be reclassified
    to non-permit

26
Reclassifying Permit Spaces
  • Eliminate all serious safety hazards prior to
    entry
  • Eliminate all actual and potential air hazards
    prior to entry, (Note simply controlling air
    hazards ((i.e. ventilation)) is not sufficient)
  • Hazards must remain eliminated
  • Complete and post reclassification portion of
    permit.

27
Permit Space Identification
  • Permit entry confined spaces need to be
    identified, usually by signs.
  • Confined spaces that will not be entered must
    also be posted.

28
Written Procedures
  • For each permit space, a written procedure must
    be in place to identify hazards and how to enter
    safely
  • Completed procedures will be used with the permit
    or reclassification certificate. Post both at
    entry point.

29
Permits
  • A permit must be prepared and all specified
    conditions satisfied before entering a permit
    space
  • Permit content
  • Permit duration
  • Entry supervisor duties
  • Documentation

30
Space Preparation - Decontamination
  • Make the space as clean as possible prior
    to entry. The goal is to minimize the
    need for PPE.
  • If the purpose of the entry is to clean
    the space, take whatever measures
    available to minimize hazards and
    need for PPE.

31
Space Preparation - Lockout / Tagout
  • Before entry, the space must be in a zero energy
    state. Anyone using lockout must be trained at
    the authorized level.

32
Space Preparation - Misc. Physical Hazards
  • Temperature Extremes
  • Noise
  • Slipping Hazards
  • Falling Objects
  • Engulfment
  • Etc..

33
Air Testing and Evaluation
  • Air inside a permit-required space must be tested
    and evaluated before entry
  • Air will be classified as safe or hazardous.
  • Entry into a hazardous atmosphere requires
    approval of at least a general supervisor, the
    facility safety coordinator and entry supervisor
  • Oxygen
  • Toxic atmospheres
  • Flammable atmospheresNO ENTRY!

34
Procedures For Testing
  • If possible, test from outside. Test top,
    middle, and bottom. Stratification.
  • Test entire portion of space
  • Test before ventilating to establish baseline.
  • Test while ventilating to ensure contaminants
    have been removed and system itself is not
    causing a hazard.

35
Procedures For Testing (cont..)
  • Retest whenever there is a change in work or
    conditions. At a minimum, retest
  • At the start of each permit period
  • The start of each workshift
  • Whenever the space and immediate area have been
    left unattended for gt 5 minutes.
  • When there is a change in personnel.

36
Procedures For Testing (cont.)
  • Continuous monitoring required whenever there is
    potential for hazardous atmosphere
  • Work being done may affect air quality
  • Exhaust ventilation is being used to control a
    hazardous atmosphere
  • Air quality could change based on nature of
    confined space (e.g.., sewer)
  • Monitors must be explosion proof and equipped
    with an alarm.
  • EHS recommends continuous monitoring even when
    not required.

37
Ventilation
  • Forced ventilation is required when
  • Testing indicates a hazardous atmosphere out
    of acceptable range
  • Theres a potential for atmospheric conditions
    to move out of acceptable range
  • The work can cause a hazardous atmosphere, such
    as welding, cutting, painting, chemical
    cleaning, etc....

38
Ventilators/Blowers
  • Push clean air in
  • If using a portable generator to power blower,
    make sure exhaust from generator is positioned
    downward from the confined space
  • If using an extension cord, use GFCI cord
  • Do not use blowers in enclosed spaces where
    damaged asbestos exists

39
Performance RequirementsFor Ventilation
  • Ventilation may include blowers, fans or other
    air movers
  • Selection of system will depend on the space
    size, the gases, vapors, or dusts to be
    exhausted, and the source of make up air
  • Blowing fresh air into a space usually works
    best.

40
Performance RequirementsFor Ventilation (Cont.)
  • Dont allow discharged air to be re-circulated
    into the space
  • Ventilation controls must be located a safe
    distance from the space
  • For potentially explosive or combustible
    atmospheres, the system must be explosion proof
  • Ventilation system should provide an audible
    warning to signal a failure.

41
CSE Duties
  • Permit space entrants
  • Permit space attendants
  • Permit space entry supervisors
  • Permit space rescue team

42
Recognizing Signs and Symptoms
  • Shallow rapid breathing
  • Vision blurred, seeing spots, blackouts
  • Exaggerated sense of feeling good
  • Disorientation
  • Profuse sweating
  • Ringing in the ears
  • Smell of solvents, gases, vapors, etc...

43
Signs and Symptoms (cont.)
  • Lips have slippery sweet taste
  • Dryness of the throat
  • Chest pains
  • Change in heart rate
  • Sudden skin irritation
  • Loss of manual dexterity/coordination
  • Weakness in the knees

44
PPE
  • See Permit listing.
  • Required PPE will vary with the job being
    performed.

45
Equipment Requirements
  • Equipment needed should be selected on a case by
    case basis
  • Written procedures will identify minimum
    equipment requirements
  • The permit includes a checklist for equipment
  • Equipment training session goes into detail

46
Safety Equipment
  • You must receive hands-on training in use of
    equipment

47
RESCUE
  • To facilitate non-entry rescue, retrieval systems
    or methods shall be used whenever an authorized
    entrant enters a permit space, unless the
    retrieval equipment would increase the overall
    risk of entry or would not contribute to the
    rescue of the entrant.

48
RESCUE
  • When appropriate, authorized entrants who enter a
    permit space must wear a chest or full body
    harness with a retrieval line attached to the
    center of their backs near shoulder level, or
    above their heads. The other end of the retrieval
    line is to be attached to a mechanical device or
    to a fixed point outside the permit space. A
    mechanical device must be available to retrieve
    personnel from vertical type permit spaces more
    than 5 feet deep.

49
Safety Equipment
  • Body Harness
  • Straps which may be secured about an employee in
    a manner that will distribute the fall arrest
    forces over at least the thighs, pelvis, waist,
    chest and shoulders with means for attaching it
    to other components of a personal fall arrest
    system

50
Safety Equipment
  • Adjusting harness
  • Your harness must fit and be adjusted correctly
    in order to work comfortably

51
Safety Equipment
  • Lanyard
  • A flexible line used to secure a body belt or
    body harness to a lifeline or directly to a point
    of anchorage.

52
Safety Equipment
  • Connector
  • A device used to couple (connect) parts of the
    personal fall arrest system, such as a carabiner,
    or it may be an integral component of part of the
    system (such as a buckle or D-ring sewn into a
    body belt or body harness, or a snap-hook spliced
    or sewn to a lanyard or self-retracting lanyard.)

Carabiners
53
Safety Equipment
  • Lifeline
  • A line provided for direct or indirect
    attachment to a workers body belt, body harness,
    lanyard or deceleration device. Such lifelines
    may be horizontal or vertical in application

Retractable life lines
54
Inspection and Calibration
  • All equipment must be cleaned, inspected,
    repaired and stored to keep it in a safe
    serviceable condition.
  • Equipment must be inspected and determined fit
    for use at the beginning of each job.

55
Rescue ProceduresPermit Spaces
  • Prior notification of job must be provided to the
    Stevens Point Fire Department (SPFD) by calling
    them with the location of the entry and estimated
    duration. 344-1833.
  • Rescue services for permit spaces is provided by
    SPFD.
  • Dedicated equipment.
  • Coordination with other emergency services.
  • Non-Entry or non-permit space rescue may be
    performed by UWSP personnel.

56
RESCUE - MSDS
  • In addition, if an injured entrant is exposed to
    a substance for which a Material Safety Data
    Sheet (MSDS) or other similar written information
    is required to be kept at the worksite, that MSDS
    or other written information must be made
    available to the medical facility treating the
    exposed entrant.

57
Contractors
  • For a permit space, inform them
  • What is known about the space and associated
    hazards
  • Of any special procedures or precautions
  • Of rescue procedures, and
  • Make it clear they are responsible for
    assessment and necessary precautions
  • Hold debriefing at end of operations
  • Dont loan equipment unless authorized.
  • Provide program only when asked.
  • They must follow legal CSE standards.

58
Contractors
  • When UWSP employees will be working with a
    contractor in a permit space
  • Hold a meeting to plan the entry.
  • Establish uniform and understood entry procedures
    to minimize hazards following all requirements.

59
Audits
  • Reviewed and updated as needed to keep it current
    and accurate
  • At least once/year using canceled permits or if
    other problems arise.
  • Jobs audited on a periodic, ongoing basis to
    ensure correct procedures are being followed

60
Questions??
  • If you saw someone in a confined space would you
    enter to rescue them?
  • What percentage of would-be rescuers die in
    confined space rescue attempts?
  • Can conditions inside a confined space change
    after a job begins?
  • Who would we call for CS rescue?

61
Summary
  • Other Questions.
  • EHS available to assist in specific department
    training/procedures as needed.
  • Contact Jeff Karcher at 2320 for assistance or
    additional questions.
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