Cytoplasmic Organelles

1
Cytoplasmic Organelles

• The structures in the cytoplasm are generally
  called organelles (little organs).
• An organelle is a tiny structure that performs a
  specialized function.

2
Cytoplasmic Organelles

• Mitochondria
• Oblong shaped with a double membrane.
• Produce useful energy in the form of ATP. It is
  the Powerhouse of the Cell.
• Large organelles scattered throughout the cell

3
Cytoplasmic Organelles

• Mitochondria
• More numerous in cells that use a lot of energy
  like muscle and liver cells.
• Contain their own DNA RNA and ribosomes. They
  are self-replicating.

4
Cytoplasmic Organelles Mitochondrion
5
Cytoplasmic Organelles

• Chloroplast
• Oblong shaped with three membranes.
• Produce energy by trapping energy from sunlight
  converting it into chemical energy through the
  process of photosynthesis.
• Found only in plant cells and algae.

6
Cytoplasmic Organelles Chloroplast
7
Cytoplasmic Organelles

• Ribosome
• Round structures composed of RNA and proteins.
• The sites where proteins are made.
• Some ribosomes are attached to membranes (ER)
  and some are found free floating in the
  cytoplasm.
• Among the smallest structures
• (lt 25 nanometers in diameter).

8
Cytoplasmic Organelles

• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• A membrane system of folded sacs and tunnels
  which transports materials through the
  cytoplasm.

9
Cytoplasmic Organelles

• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• There are two types of ER
• (1) Rough ER is covered with ribosomes.
  Proteins made here are modified by the ER.
  Most proteins produced here are exported
  from the cell.
• (2) Smooth ER lacks ribosomes. It makes fats
  detoxifies harmful substances.

10
Cytoplasmic Organelles Endoplasmic Reticulum
11
Cytoplasmic Organelles

• Golgi Apparatus
• A stack of membranes or sacs.
• It picks up where the rough ER left off.
• It collects modifies packages distributes
  proteins made at one location and used at
  another. The proteins may be used inside or
  outside of the cell.

12
Cytoplasmic Organelles Golgi Apparatus
13
Cytoplasmic Organelles

• Lysosomes
• Digestive centers of a cell. Cells cleanup crew.
• Contain many different types of enzymes used to
  digest things from food particles to a cells
  own worn out parts.
• Not present in plant cells.
• They are formed by the Golgi apparatus.

14
Cytoplasmic Organelles

• Vacuoles
• Storage sites within cells (e.g. they store
  sugars salts proteins etc.).
• Many plant cells have a single large central
  vacuole filled with liquid.
• This allows plants to grow quickly and support
  heavy structures like leaves and flowers.

15
Cytoplasmic Organelles
16
Cytoplasmic Organelles

• Plastids
• Plant organelle that may take many forms.
• Examples include chloroplast leukoplasts
  (which store food) chromoplasts (which store
  pigment molecules).

17
Cytoplasmic Organelles

• Cytoskeleton
• (It has replaced the idea of protoplasm)
• 2 main components
• (1) Microtubulessupport cell shape and help
  organelles move through the cell.
• (2) Microfilimentsfunction in movement of
  both the cytoplasm and the cell.

18
Cytoplasmic Organelles Cytoskeleton