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Cytoplasmic Organelles

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Oblong shaped with a double membrane. Produce useful energy in the form of ATP. It is the 'Powerhouse of the Cell' ... Oblong shaped with three membranes. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Cytoplasmic Organelles


1
Cytoplasmic Organelles
  • The structures in the cytoplasm are generally
    called organelles (little organs).
  • An organelle is a tiny structure that performs a
    specialized function.

2
Cytoplasmic Organelles
  • Mitochondria
  • Oblong shaped with a double membrane.
  • Produce useful energy in the form of ATP. It is
    the Powerhouse of the Cell.
  • Large organelles scattered throughout the cell

3
Cytoplasmic Organelles
  • Mitochondria
  • More numerous in cells that use a lot of energy
    like muscle and liver cells.
  • Contain their own DNA, RNA, and ribosomes. They
    are self-replicating.

4
Cytoplasmic Organelles Mitochondrion
5
Cytoplasmic Organelles
  • Chloroplast
  • Oblong shaped with three membranes.
  • Produce energy by trapping energy from sunlight
    converting it into chemical energy through the
    process of photosynthesis.
  • Found only in plant cells and algae.

6
Cytoplasmic Organelles Chloroplast
7
Cytoplasmic Organelles
  • Ribosome
  • Round structures composed of RNA and proteins.
  • The sites where proteins are made.
  • Some ribosomes are attached to membranes (ER)
    and some are found free floating in the
    cytoplasm.
  • Among the smallest structures
  • (lt 25 nanometers in diameter).

8
Cytoplasmic Organelles
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
  • A membrane system of folded sacs and tunnels
    which transports materials through the
    cytoplasm.

9
Cytoplasmic Organelles
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
  • There are two types of ER
  • (1) Rough "ER" is covered with ribosomes.
    Proteins made here are modified by the ER.
    Most proteins produced here are exported
    from the cell.
  • (2) Smooth "ER" lacks ribosomes. It makes fats
    detoxifies harmful substances.

10
Cytoplasmic Organelles Endoplasmic Reticulum
11
Cytoplasmic Organelles
  • Golgi Apparatus
  • A stack of membranes or sacs.
  • It picks up where the rough ER left off.
  • It collects, modifies, packages, distributes
    proteins made at one location and used at
    another. The proteins may be used inside or
    outside of the cell.

12
Cytoplasmic Organelles Golgi Apparatus
13
Cytoplasmic Organelles
  • Lysosomes
  • Digestive centers of a cell. Cells cleanup crew.
  • Contain many different types of enzymes used to
    digest things from food particles to a cell's
    own worn out parts.
  • Not present in plant cells.
  • They are formed by the Golgi apparatus.

14
Cytoplasmic Organelles
  • Vacuoles
  • Storage sites within cells (e.g., they store
    sugars, salts, proteins, etc.).
  • Many plant cells have a single large central
    vacuole filled with liquid.
  • This allows plants to grow quickly and support
    heavy structures like leaves and flowers.

15
Cytoplasmic Organelles
16
Cytoplasmic Organelles
  • Plastids
  • Plant organelle that may take many forms.
  • Examples include chloroplast, leukoplasts
    (which store food), chromoplasts (which store
    pigment molecules).

17
Cytoplasmic Organelles
  • Cytoskeleton
  • (It has replaced the idea of protoplasm)
  • 2 main components
  • (1) Microtubulessupport cell shape and help
    organelles move through the cell.
  • (2) Microfilimentsfunction in movement of
    both the cytoplasm and the cell.

18
Cytoplasmic Organelles Cytoskeleton
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