International Harmonized Research Activities: Intelligent Transport Systems

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International Harmonized Research
ActivitiesIntelligent Transport Systems
Y. Ian Noy, Ph.D., P.Eng., CPE Ergonomics
Division Road Safety and Motor Vehicle Regulation
Directorate Transport Canada 330 Sparks St..,
Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0N5 Tel [phone]
Fax [phone] NOYI_at_tc.gc.ca
Transport Canada
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Intelligent Transport Systems
Transportation objectives

• Reduce congestion
• Improve safety
• Increase efficiency
• Improve comfort
• Improve transit services
• Reduce fuel consumption
• Reduce emissions

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Levels of Automation

• Information
• Warning
• Driver assistance (active pedal)
• Partial control of vehicle functions (steering,
  stopgo)
• Complete control of vehicle (AHS)

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Rationalizing Automation

• Each level has unique safety issues
• Each level must coexist with other levels
• Progression from one level to next is not
  incremental it represents a radical change

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Vehicle-based Driver Assistance and Crash
Avoidance Systems

• Vision enhancement visual range warning
• Intelligent speed adaptation
• Adaptive cruise control
• Collision warning (e.g., lane departure,
  rear-end, lane change, intersection)
• Fatigue/impairment warning
• Pavement monitoring and friction warning
• Vehicle Stability Warning and Assistance
• Emergency reporting and response
• Backing and merging aids

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ITS Safety Impact Framework
Positive
Negative
Direct

-
Indirect

-
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Direct Safety Benefits

• Reduction of crash risk through
• on-board CA systems
• road-side CA systems
• tolerance for driver/system errors
• Mitigation of crash consequences through improved
  emergency response

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Indirect Safety Benefits

• Reduced exposure (optimized routes and trip
  lengths, and greater choice of mode)
• Reduced exposure to unauthorized use (elicense)
• Reduced traffic variance and conflicts (through
  better traffic management and improved
  interaction between driver and other road users)
• Reduced driver stress and fatigue

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Direct Safety Risks

• Driver distraction
• Driver overload
• Driver confusion
• Reduced situation awareness
• Lack of trust/acceptance due to false or nuisance
  alarms
• Increased discomfort, stress
• Command effect

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Indirect Safety Risks

• Behavioural adaptation
• Increased travel (pleasurable)
• Loss of skill negative transfer
• Violation of expectation (by non-users)
• Collision migration (MV to SV, to other users,
  etc.)

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ITS Safety, or IS IT?

• ITS technology is safety neutral - Its
  implementation is safety critical

• Safety impact depends largely on the extent to
  which the system supports users needs, and is
  compatible with human capabilities and limitations

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Governments Role

• Discourage technologies/implementations that are
  likely to have an adverse effect on safety
• Encourage implementation of technologies that are
  likely to have safety benefits

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Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV)International
Harmonized Research Activities

• Australia
• Canada
• France
• Germany
• Hungary
• Italy
• Japan

• the Netherlands
• Poland
• Sweden
• U.K.
• U.S.A.
• EC
• EESV

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ESV IHRA Working Groups

• Intelligent Transport Systems
• Advanced Offset Frontal Crash Protection
• Pedestrian Safety
• Biomechanics
• Vehicle Compatibility
• Side Impact

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IHRA-ITS Objectives

• to coordinate international policy-oriented
  research to minimize the potential adverse
  consequences of on-board ITS technologies.
• to develop procedures for the evaluation of
  safety of in-vehicle information, control and
  communication systems.
• to provide an international view of the state of
  research into understanding the safety impact of
  driver workload and distraction.

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Aspects of System Safety

• System Reliability
• Reliability of hardware and software, the
  propensity for malfunction and the potential to
  go into a dangerous and/or unanticipated safety
  mode.
• Human Machine Interaction (HMI)
• Key issues are function allocation, the design of
  interface, definition of dialogue between the
  user and the system.
• Overall Traffic System
• The aggregate effect on the traffic system as a
  whole.

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Scope

• includes original and aftermarket on-board
  information, control and communication systems,
  including
• telematics
• driver assistance systems, and
• collision warning and avoidance systems

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Summary of Activities

• Conceptual Framework
• Workshops
• Survey of current research
• Priority Projects
• For further information visit
• http//199.79.179.92/ITS/ITS.html

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Priority Projects

1. Development of a harmonized safety evaluation
   methodology framework
2. Driver understanding and expectation of ITS
   systems
3. Human factors principles checklist
4. Normative data on naturalistic driving behavior
5. Simulator reference test scenarios
6. Improved secondary task methodology for
   evaluating safety effects of driver workload
7. Harmonization and validation of surrogate safety
   measures

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Importance of ITS Safety Research

• Expands ESVs role into crash avoidance
• Elaborates the role of governments with respect
  to ITS safety
• ITS safety is currently unregulated therefore,
  there is a reasonable prospect for harmonized
  policies based on shared scientific understanding
  of the issues

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Key Challenges for Government

• Traditional policy paradigms not suitable
• Design cycle shorter than policy cycle
• Technology is diversifying rapidly
• Science lags technology
• Integration by consumer, not industry
• Jurisdictional boundaries no longer valid

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IHRA-WP.29 Liaison

• IHRA research focus
• Summarize state of knowledge
• Coordinate joint research
• Develop test procedures
• WP.29 to identify regulatory needs and
  priorities. IHRA to coordinate the regulatory
  development research to support WP.29 work program

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Recommendations vis WP.29

• coordinate with WP.1 and WP.15 on ITS-related
  matters (ISA)
• Develop strategy for global regulation
  development for on-board ITS
• ST coordinate among existing GRs, lead?
• LT create new GR
• utilize IHRA-ITS WG as Informal Group for
  ITS-related matters

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Possible Short Term Plan

• GRRF Collision avoidance, driver assistance
  (ACC, ESP), ISA
• GRE/GRRF? Reliability (Annex 18)
• GRE/GRSG? Collision and drowsiness warning,
  vision enhancement, maneuvering aids
• GRSG Telematics, navigation
• GRSP Collision mitigation?