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Baby X

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Keeping the World Simple (Cognitive Miser Model) The Complex Information Rich Social World ... Old-fashioned 'ism' (e.g., racism): Overt Bigotry ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Baby X


1
Baby X
  • A Fabulous Childs Story
  • The Baby X Study
  • Described as A study of Infant Responses
  • Infant Gender Information
  • Toy interaction (football, doll, plastic ring)
  • Results

2
Keeping the World Simple (Cognitive Miser Model)
The Complex Information Rich Social World
Limited Human Attentional Capacity
Goal of Mental Economy
Cognitive Short-Cuts
3
Cognitive Heuristics
  • Representative Heuristic a mental short-cut
    which people classify something as belonging to a
    certain category to the extent that it is similar
    to a typical case from the category. (similar to
    a schema!)
  • Availability Heuristic a mental short-cut
    through which one estimates that likelihood of an
    event by the east with which instances of that
    event comes to mind.

4
A, B, Cs
  • Stereotype an overgeneralized belief about a
    person based on their group membership
    (Cognitive)
  • Discrimination a selectively unjustified
    negative behavior toward members of a group
    (Behavior)
  • Prejudice a generalized negative attitude toward
    members of a group (Affective)

5
ISM
  • Old-fashioned ism (e.g., racism) Overt Bigotry
  • Modern ism the indirect and symbolic
    expression of (racism/sexism, etc) that results
    from the displacement of negative feelings onto
    more abstract social issues (e.g., affirmative
    action). Uses a values interpretation.

6
Whats so special about gender?(Fiske Stevens,
1993)
  • 1.Gender stereotypes are heavily prescriptive
  • 2.Gender stereotypes are based in power
    differences
  • 3.Gender stereotypes are based on complex
    relations
  • 4.Gender stereotypes are based on biological fact
  • 5.Gender stereotypes are historically situated.
  • Gender Stereotypes Lead to the Creation of
    Gender Roles!

7
Gender Differences in Academic Performance
  • Standardized Tests
  • Grades
  • Classroom Placement
  • Test Specifics
  • VERBAL Anagrams, Speech Fluency, Analogies
  • MATH Spatial perception, Mental Rotation,
    Problem Solving, Computation

8
Explanations for Achievement Differences Eccles
Work
  • Expectancy Value Theory
  • Beliefs of Success
  • Effort vs Ability Attributions
  • Parental Expectations for success
  • Confidence!
  • Value of the Domain
  • emphasis of the the material

9
Explanations for Achievement DifferencesKimballs
Work
  • Math is perceived as Masculine
  • The Male Perspective
  • The Female Perspective
  • Self-reports vs Performance
  • The Culture Perspective Male Math is Better
    than Female Math
  • Teacher Perceptions Reflect This
  • Who is gifted?
  • Advice to female students

10
Explanations for Achievement Differences Teacher
Interactions
  • Who receives more attention?
  • Types of attention

11
What can we do?
  • Political Responses
  • 1964 Civil Rights Act amended to include sex,
    along with race, religion, nationality as illegal
    for discrimination in the workplace
  • 1966 NOW (National Organization for Women)
    founded
  • 1972 Title IX of the Education Amendments
  • No person in the United States shall, on the
    basis of sex, be excluded from participation in,
    be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to
    discrimination under any education program or
    activity receiving federal financial
    assistance.''
  • Gender stereotypes lead to the creation of gender
    roles
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