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History Of MARPOL 7378

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... routine tanker operations and the discharge of oily wastes from machinery spaces. ... provision of facilities for the reception of oily water and residues. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: History Of MARPOL 7378


1
  • History Of (MARPOL 73/78)
  • And Regional
  • Implementations
  • By
  • Capt. Awad Saeed
  • Manager Environment
  • Kuwait Petroleum Corporation

2
OILPOL 54
  • In 1954, the United Kingdom organized a
    conference on oil pollution resulted in
  • the adoption of the International Convention for
    the Prevention Pollution of the Sea by Oil
    (OILPOL), 1954.
  • Following entry into force of the IMO Convention
    in 1958, the depository and Secretariat functions
    in relation to the Convention were transferred
    from the United Kingdom Government to IMO.

3
OILPOL 54
  • The 1954 Convention,was amended in 1962, 1969 and
    1971, primarily addressed pollution resulting
    from routine tanker operations and the discharge
    of oily wastes from machinery spaces.
  • Established "prohibited zones" extending at least
    50 miles from the nearest land and allows
    discharge of oil mixture of 10ppm.
  • Countries take all appropriate steps to promote
    the provision of facilities for the reception of
    oily water and residues.

4
1973 International Convention for the Prevention
of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL 73)
  • None adequacy the 1954 OILPOL Convention, despite
    the various amendments which had been adopted. 
  • In 1969, the IMO Assembly inspired by the Torrey
    Canyon disaster in 1967.
  • Decided to convene an international conference
    to adopt a completely new convention
  • The 1973 conference incorporated much of OILPOL
    1954 and its amendments into Annex I, covering
    oil.

5
Torrey Canyon
6
1978 Conference on Tanker Safety and Pollution
Prevention (MARPOL 78 Protocol)
  • An international Conference on tanker safety and
    Pollution Prevention was held in 1998, following
    1976-1977 series of tanker incidents.
  • The Conference adopted a protocol to the 1973
    MARPOL Convention(was not then in force),
    absorbing the parent Convention and expanding.
  • The requirements for segregated ballast tanks,
    crude oil washing system(COW) and clean ballast
    tanks for existing tankers over 40,000tons.

7
International Convention for the Prevention of
Marine Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by
the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (MARPOL
73/78)
  • Annex I - Regulations for the Prevention of
    Pollution by Oil
  • Entry into force 2 October 1983
  • Annex II - Regulations for the Control
    of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in
    Bulk.
  • Entry into force 6 April 1987
  • Annex III - Prevention of Pollution by Harmful
    Substances Carried by Sea in Packaged Form.
  • Entry into force 1 July 1992
  • Annex IV - Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from
    Ships.
  • Entry into force 27 September 2003
  • Annex V - Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from
    Ships.
  • Entry into force 31 December 1988
  • Annex VI  - Prevention of Air Pollution from
    Ships (adopted September 1997 - not yet in force.
  • Entry into force 19 May 2005

8
International Convention for the Prevention of
Marine Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by
the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (MARPOL
73/78)
  • To speed-up the implementation the Conference
    allowed that the Parties "shall not be bound by
    the provisions of Annex II of the Convention for
    a period of three years" from the date of entry
    into force of the Protocol, so that countries
    could accept Annex I and have three years to
    implement Annex II.
  • Sufficient States had ratified MARPOL by October
    1982, and finally entered into force on 2 October
    1983 (for Annexes I and II)

9
(No Transcript)
10
Regional ImplementationsBack Ground
  • ROPME States first meeting on reception
    facilities was convened in Kuwait 1982.
  • High priority was given to reception and
    treatment of dirty ballast.
  • Feasibility study by Overseas Shipbuilding
    Cooperation Centre (OSCC) in 1984.
  • The study resulted in huge amount of investment
    required to establish Ballast reception
    facilities to cover 23 ports.

11
New approach
  • ROPME to up-date OSCC study carried out in 1984
    to meet the development that have taken place.
  • To meet the requirement to accede MARPOL 73/78,
    a provision of small number (1-3) of land and/or
    floating reception facilities jointly funded on
    regional basis should be considered as an
    alternative and,
  • Consider load-on-top system for the offshore
    crude loading terminals as the most cost
    effective method of satisfying MARPOL 73/78
    requirements.

12
New approach cont.
  • Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) support commenced
    in 1989, GCC/ROPME ad-hoc meeting recommended to
  • Prepare a comprehensive study with the concerned
    international organizations for the accessions to
    MARPOL 73/78.

13
New approach cont.
  • Study the possibilities of establishing a central
    reception facility or to be distributed at a
    different ports/terminals in the Member States.
  • The seventh meeting of ROPME Council decided that
    member state to accede to MARPOL 73/78.
  • ROPME secretariat jointly with GCC to prepare a
    document to be submitted the Marine Environment
    Protection Committee (MEPC/IMO) Prior to its
    annual meeting in March 1991.

14
Established Ad- hoc Task Force
  • ROPME/ IMO Symposium on MARPOL Convention held in
    Kuwait Feb.1996 recommended the set up of an
    ad-hoc task force includes experts from IMO,GCC,
    GAOCMAO (RECSO) and experts from member states to
    assist ROPME in carrying out a feasibility study
    in cooperation with Sultanate of Oman in line
    with 14th ROPME Executive Committee Meeting in
    Muscat, Jan.1996.
  • ROPME Regional Feasibility Study.

15
Communications With IMO
  • Document summarizes the out come of the
    preparatory and 1st Regional Steering Committee
    meetings was submitted to MEPC/ IMO 45th Meeting.
  • MEPC very much welcomed the RSA countries
    intention to accede, implement and enforce MARPOL
    by July 2002.
  • Document on special area status has to be
    submitted in December 2001 Prior to the MEPC 47th
    meeting in March 2002.

16
Regional Implementations Obstacles
  • Cost
  • Misinterpretation of the change in Tankers
    design (SBT).
  • Reception Facilities the Regional Approach.
  • Commitments from member states.
  • Size and location for an adequate reception
    facilities to meet the requirements of MARPOL
    73/78.
  • Agreement on the fee structure

17
Regional Implementations Obstacles
  • Integrate MARPOL rules and regulations into the
    National Legislations.
  • The need for Competent inspectors /surveyors.
  • Proper Ship movements monitoring and
    surveillance.
  • MARPOL enforcement requires regional Memorandum
    of Agreement on Port State Control.

18
Conclusion
  • All ROPME member States accession to MARPOL was
    announced in the GCC summit held in Qatar on
    2007.
  • At IMO - MEPC 52 (October 2004) ROPME Sea Area
    was extended to cover Arabian Sea up to the OMAN
    Yemen Borders. and came into force on 1 January
    2007 together with the new revised Annexes I and
    II.
  • 1st. August 2008 ROPME Sea Area will be declared
    a special area subject of the establishment of
    the reception facilities.
  • Over 41,000 different vessels entered Strait of
    Hormuze in 2006 and 47,000 in 2007
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