History Of MARPOL 7378

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• History Of (MARPOL 73/78)
• And Regional
• Implementations
• By
• Capt. Awad Saeed
• Manager Environment
• Kuwait Petroleum Corporation

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OILPOL 54

• In 1954 the United Kingdom organized a
  conference on oil pollution resulted in
• the adoption of the International Convention for
  the Prevention Pollution of the Sea by Oil
  (OILPOL) 1954.
• Following entry into force of the IMO Convention
  in 1958 the depository and Secretariat functions
  in relation to the Convention were transferred
  from the United Kingdom Government to IMO.

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OILPOL 54

• The 1954 Conventionwas amended in 1962 1969 and
  1971 primarily addressed pollution resulting
  from routine tanker operations and the discharge
  of oily wastes from machinery spaces.
• Established prohibited zones extending at least
  50 miles from the nearest land and allows
  discharge of oil mixture of 10ppm.
• Countries take all appropriate steps to promote
  the provision of facilities for the reception of
  oily water and residues.

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1973 International Convention for the Prevention
of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL 73)

• None adequacy the 1954 OILPOL Convention despite
  the various amendments which had been adopted. 
• In 1969 the IMO Assembly inspired by the Torrey
  Canyon disaster in 1967.
• Decided to convene an international conference
  to adopt a completely new convention
• The 1973 conference incorporated much of OILPOL
  1954 and its amendments into Annex I covering
  oil.

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Torrey Canyon
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1978 Conference on Tanker Safety and Pollution
Prevention (MARPOL 78 Protocol)

• An international Conference on tanker safety and
  Pollution Prevention was held in 1998 following
  1976-1977 series of tanker incidents.
• The Conference adopted a protocol to the 1973
  MARPOL Convention(was not then in force)
  absorbing the parent Convention and expanding.
• The requirements for segregated ballast tanks
  crude oil washing system(COW) and clean ballast
  tanks for existing tankers over 40000tons.

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International Convention for the Prevention of
Marine Pollution from Ships 1973 as modified by
the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (MARPOL
73/78)

• Annex I - Regulations for the Prevention of
  Pollution by Oil
• Entry into force 2 October 1983
• Annex II - Regulations for the Control
  of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in
  Bulk.
• Entry into force 6 April 1987
• Annex III - Prevention of Pollution by Harmful
  Substances Carried by Sea in Packaged Form.
• Entry into force 1 July 1992
• Annex IV - Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from
  Ships.
• Entry into force 27 September 2003
• Annex V - Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from
  Ships.
• Entry into force 31 December 1988
• Annex VI  - Prevention of Air Pollution from
  Ships (adopted September 1997 - not yet in force.
• Entry into force 19 May 2005

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International Convention for the Prevention of
Marine Pollution from Ships 1973 as modified by
the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (MARPOL
73/78)

• To speed-up the implementation the Conference
  allowed that the Parties shall not be bound by
  the provisions of Annex II of the Convention for
  a period of three years from the date of entry
  into force of the Protocol so that countries
  could accept Annex I and have three years to
  implement Annex II.
• Sufficient States had ratified MARPOL by October
  1982 and finally entered into force on 2 October
  1983 (for Annexes I and II)

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(No Transcript)
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Regional ImplementationsBack Ground

• ROPME States first meeting on reception
  facilities was convened in Kuwait 1982.
• High priority was given to reception and
  treatment of dirty ballast.
• Feasibility study by Overseas Shipbuilding
  Cooperation Centre (OSCC) in 1984.
• The study resulted in huge amount of investment
  required to establish Ballast reception
  facilities to cover 23 ports.

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New approach

• ROPME to up-date OSCC study carried out in 1984
  to meet the development that have taken place.
• To meet the requirement to accede MARPOL 73/78
  a provision of small number (1-3) of land and/or
  floating reception facilities jointly funded on
  regional basis should be considered as an
  alternative and
• Consider load-on-top system for the offshore
  crude loading terminals as the most cost
  effective method of satisfying MARPOL 73/78
  requirements.

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New approach cont.

• Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) support commenced
  in 1989 GCC/ROPME ad-hoc meeting recommended to
• Prepare a comprehensive study with the concerned
  international organizations for the accessions to
  MARPOL 73/78.

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New approach cont.

• Study the possibilities of establishing a central
  reception facility or to be distributed at a
  different ports/terminals in the Member States.
• The seventh meeting of ROPME Council decided that
  member state to accede to MARPOL 73/78.
• ROPME secretariat jointly with GCC to prepare a
  document to be submitted the Marine Environment
  Protection Committee (MEPC/IMO) Prior to its
  annual meeting in March 1991.

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Established Ad- hoc Task Force

• ROPME/ IMO Symposium on MARPOL Convention held in
  Kuwait Feb.1996 recommended the set up of an
  ad-hoc task force includes experts from IMOGCC
  GAOCMAO (RECSO) and experts from member states to
  assist ROPME in carrying out a feasibility study
  in cooperation with Sultanate of Oman in line
  with 14th ROPME Executive Committee Meeting in
  Muscat Jan.1996.
• ROPME Regional Feasibility Study.

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Communications With IMO

• Document summarizes the out come of the
  preparatory and 1st Regional Steering Committee
  meetings was submitted to MEPC/ IMO 45th Meeting.
• MEPC very much welcomed the RSA countries
  intention to accede implement and enforce MARPOL
  by July 2002.
• Document on special area status has to be
  submitted in December 2001 Prior to the MEPC 47th
  meeting in March 2002.

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Regional Implementations Obstacles

• Cost
• Misinterpretation of the change in Tankers
  design (SBT).
• Reception Facilities the Regional Approach.
• Commitments from member states.
• Size and location for an adequate reception
  facilities to meet the requirements of MARPOL
  73/78.
• Agreement on the fee structure

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Regional Implementations Obstacles

• Integrate MARPOL rules and regulations into the
  National Legislations.
• The need for Competent inspectors /surveyors.
• Proper Ship movements monitoring and
  surveillance.
• MARPOL enforcement requires regional Memorandum
  of Agreement on Port State Control.

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Conclusion

• All ROPME member States accession to MARPOL was
  announced in the GCC summit held in Qatar on
  2007.
• At IMO - MEPC 52 (October 2004) ROPME Sea Area
  was extended to cover Arabian Sea up to the OMAN
  Yemen Borders. and came into force on 1 January
  2007 together with the new revised Annexes I and
  II.
• 1st. August 2008 ROPME Sea Area will be declared
  a special area subject of the establishment of
  the reception facilities.
• Over 41000 different vessels entered Strait of
  Hormuze in 2006 and 47000 in 2007