AGGRI Seminar Electromagnetic Compatibility on the Railways: Who and How EMC Responsibilities in res

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AGGRI SeminarElectromagnetic Compatibility on
the Railways Who and How EMC Responsibilities
in respect of 89/336/EEC

• Chris Marshman
• Managing Director
• York EMC Services Ltd

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Summary

• What is EMC?
• The EMC Regulations
• Routes to Conformance
• EMC Standards
• The TCF
• DoC
• Scope of Directive
• Offences
• Defence
• Application to the Rail Industry
• Conclusions

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What is EMC?

• EMC?
• What is electromagnetic compatibility - EMC?
• Emissions the ability of an electrical/electron
  ic system not to generate unreasonable levels of
  unwanted electromagnetic disturbance
• Immunity the ability of an electrical/electroni
  c system to be sufficiently immune to external
  electromagnetic disturbances

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The EMC Regulations

• EMC Regulations
• EMC is controlled in Europe by Regulation
• The EU EMC Directive 89/336/EEC
• This is implemented by all EEA Member States
• The UK implementation is
• The Electromagnetic Compatibility Regulations
  SI 1992 No. 2372
• This is criminal law!

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The EMC Regulations

• What do the EMC Directive/Regulations say?
• The Protection Requirements of the EMCD
• Article 4/Regulation 5
• Electrical/electronic equipment must be
  constructed to ensure
• the EM disturbance it generates does not exceed
  a level allowing radio and telecommunications
  equipment and other apparatus to operate as
  intended,
• and
• it has a level of intrinsic immunity which is
  adequate to enable it to operate as intended,
• When it is
• Properly installed and maintained, and
• Used for the purpose for which it was intended

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The EMC Regulations

• Routes to conformance
• Type examination now only applies to air traffic
  management systems

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The EMC Regulations

• The Standards Route to Conformance
• Conformity Assessment Requirements complied with
  if a manufacturer has applied an applicable EMC
  Standard Presumption of Conformity
• Harmonised standard adopted by CENELEC
• Harmonised Standard transposed to a National
  Standard is an applicable standard eg EN55022,
  transposed to BS EN55022
• Reference number published in the OJEC

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EMC Standards

• Product Specific/Family Product specific
• Specific EMC Requirements for particular Product
• Make reference to Basic Standards
• Generic
• Environments
• Make reference to Basic Standards
• Basic
• IEC/EN 61000 series
• Certain Product standards eg EN 55011
• Environments and measurement methods

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EMC Standards

• European EMC Standards for Railways
• Standard EN 50121 has five parts
• Part 1 General introduction, defines the railway
  environment
• Part 2 The Railway system and the outside world
  - emission limits
• Part 3 Rolling Stock is sub-divided
• 3.1 Emission limits, train and complete vehicle
• 3.2 Emission limits and immunity levels for
  train- borne apparatus
• Part 4 Emission limits and immunity levels for
  signalling and telecommunication apparatus
• Part 5 Covers fixed power supply apparatus and
  installations
• Reference numbers not in the OJEC for 89/336/EEC
  therefore TCF route

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The EMC Regulations

• The Technical Construction File Route to
  Compliance
• Used in the absence of standards
• Used to demonstrate conformity with protection
  requirements
• Contents
• Part I Description of Apparatus
• Part II Procedures used to ensure conformity
• Technical Rationale
• Design Details
• Test Data
• Part III Competent Body Report

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The EMC Regulations

• Competent Body
• Appointed by Competent Authority - Secretary of
  State for DTI
• Availability, integrity and competence of staff
• Independence
• Secrecy
• Insurance
• Independent verification of these requirements,
  UKAS

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The EMC Regulations

• Declaration of Conformity
• Name and address of manufacturer
• Signed on behalf of manufacturer and signatory
  identified
• Date of issue
• Particulars of apparatus sufficient to identify
  it
• Identify TCF CB
• Numbers and titles of applicable EMC Standards
• Certify that apparatus conforms with the
  protection requirements of 89/336/EEC

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Offences

• 82 Supplying or taking into service
  non-compliant apparatus
• 83 Contravention of a prohibition or suspension
  notice
• 84 False or misleading information
• 85 Misuse of the CE Marking
• 86 Obstruction of enforcement authorities
• Intentional obstruction
• Pretending to be an enforcement officer
• 87 Failure to retain documentation

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Regulation 88 Defence of Due Diligence

• - it shall be a defence to show that he
  took all reasonable steps and exercised all due
  diligence to avoid committing the offence

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Due Diligence

• What are reasonable steps?
• Prime principle
• Where it is reasonable to take a precaution then
  it must be taken
• Use precautionary system
• appropriate to the size of the company/complexity
  of product
• be aware of the Law and requirements
• determine which Directives and apply
• Positive action
• Doing nothing is not a defence

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Application of the EMC Regulations to the Rail
Industry

• Classic Case
• New apparatus manufacturer applies standards or
  demonstrates conformance using a TCF, makes
  Declaration of Conformity
• Eg SCADA equipment, Hot Axle Box Detector

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Application of the EMC Regulations to the Rail
Industry

• Rolling Stock
• New Rolling Stock Railway standards
  EN50121-3-1/2 results included in TCF EN
  50121-3-1/2 not published in the OJEC
• Sub-system suppliers not required to conform
  component for further manufacture,
  responsibility of the manufacturer to specify
  sub-system EMC eg EN 50121-3-2

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Application of the EMC Regulations to the Rail
Industry

• Reconditioned/Remanufactured equipment
• EMC regulations reconditioning is manufacturing
  therefore within the scope of regulations
• owner for EMC responsibility must be identified
• Where does the responsibility lie?

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Where does the responsibility lie? Who is the
manufacturer?
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Conclusions

• An Equipment Manufacturer has a legal Duty to
  meet the requirements of the regulations
• The UK regs place a legal requirement on the
  user to use conforming equipment
• EN 50121-x has not been published in the OJEC and
  can only be used within a TCF a CB will require
  additional info to demonstrate conformance
  convergence with Safety Case requirements
• Reconditioning is defined as manufacturing it
  is necessary to define EMC responsibilities
• Meeting 89/336/EEC (SI 2372) requirements should
  be seen as a minimum requirement assumed by
  GE/RT 8015 and therefore required by VAB

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Chris Marshman York EMC Services Ltd University
of York York YO10 5DD Tel 01904
434440 www.yorkemc.co.uk