Title: Donald Fournier SEDAC Program Manager Chair, Building Research Council School of Architecture Univer
1Donald FournierSEDAC Program Manager Chair,
Building Research CouncilSchool of Architecture
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Reducing Hospital Costs through Energy Efficiency
2Overview
- National Energy Situation.
- Energy Management
- Smart Energy Design Assistance Center
- SEDAC Top Ten
- Results we have seen
- Funding from Utilities and DCEO
3U.S. Energy Flows 2007 (Quads)
Source DOE/EIA 2008
4World-wide demand has been slammed by the
recessionary pressures of high prices and the
deteriorating global economy.
5Source ASPO 11/2008
Actual Oil Production 2002 28.10 Gb 2003
29.05 Gb 2004 30.33 Gb 2005 30.87 Gb 2006
30.86 Gb 2007 30.82 Gb 2008 31.20 Gb
6Source DOE/EIA 2009
7Horizontal Wells to Fracture Shale
8Unconventional Gas Production
9US Coal Prices
Source DOE/EIA 2008
10The Bottom Line
- The rise in fossil energy prices is driven by
structural changes in the world economy that are
producing rapidly increasing demand at a time of
rising costs of production. Oil is depressed now
but higher costs will come back. - Electrical restructuring will result in price
increases. Large users are being driven to the
ARES market. - Energy efficiency and renewable energy are a
large part of the solution.
11The Benefits of Energy Management
- Reduce energy usage at your facility
- Typical buildings can save 10 to 20 with best
practices and up to 30 with major mods. - Reduce environmental impact of energy usage
- Energy efficiency is by far the most cost
effective solution. - Focus on energy sources that yield the most
savings. - Reduce the impacts of future rate increases
- The less energy you use, the lower your total
cost increases will be. - Energy efficiency costs lt500/kW while new
sources cost 3,000 to 10,000 per kW.
12Energy Management
- How to get more efficient and reduce costs
- Use a systematic approach.
- Plan for continuous improvement.
- Your program should be integrated into how you do
business. - Apply the level of effort appropriate to your
organizations energy costs and usage (10 percent
of your goal/year).
If you dont know where you are going, it is
awfully hard to get there. Yogi Berra
13Energy Management Programs are Useful Because
- Energy costs are increasing and becoming a larger
percentage of operating costs. - A systematic approach insures that all
opportunities are considered. - Continual improvement insure new methods and
technologies are incorporated into an existing
program. - Energy can be managed and many operations are not
capitalizing effectively on this opportunity.
14Level of Program Effort
- Should be appropriate to your level of energy
usage cost and your opportunities risks. - Opportunity to reduce costs is typically 10 to
20 over 5 years. (2 to 4 percent per year). - Program administration costs should be about 1 to
2 percent of annual energy costs. - For a 1 million annual use, this could justify
spending 20,000 to 40,000 to plan and
administer a five year program.
15Typical Approach
Gather Data Analyze Data Quantify
Opportunities Select Projects Provide
Justification Gain Approval Implement
Projects Project Validation
Communications
Planning
Set Goals
Awareness
Performance Tracking
16Energy Management Plan
- Management Approach
- Facility Profile
- Energy Use Profile
- Best Practices
- Project Prioritization
- Project Management
- Key Performance Indicators
- Continual Improvement
17Putting it Together
- We have entered interesting times.
- Enhancing energy efficiency in existing buildings
and utility systems is an imperative. - New building and utility system designs have to
be profoundly more efficient. - This is not going to go away. The current dip in
oil prices is only a blip. We cant punch enough
holes in the ground to be independent. - Energy management presents a sound approach to
deal holistically with the issues.
18Energy Efficiency
- The energy efficiency policies, building and
appliance codes, incentives, and technology
improvements in the U.S. since the mid-1970s now
avoid the use of approximately - 40 quadrillion Btu/year roughly 40 percent of
the energy currently consumed. - The emission of more than 2 billion tons of CO2
per year.
19Energy Efficiency
- The cost of saving energy is going down while the
price of energy is going up. - Efficiency is the cleanest, cheapest, safest, and
most secure source energy we have. - These savings from energy efficiency to date have
not yet come close to tapping the full potential
for savings. - Incentives/financing
- EPAct 2005 deductions and tax credits.
- EEPS rebates will encourage efficiency.
- Cultivate Illinois low interest loans.
- ARRA Programs coming.
20Illinois Concerns
- In 2003 annual energy expenditures in Illinois
were 27.0 billion (Commercial and Industrial
were 10.7 billion). - These costs are increasing and will continue to
increase in the long run. - The vitality the entire economy and of small
businesses in Illinois are affected by these
costs.
In 2006 total energy expenditures were 43.3
billion (Commercial and Industrial 14.5
billion a 36 increase to those sectors).
21Smart Energy Design Assistance Center (SEDAC)
- Sponsored by ILDCEO, Ameren Illinois Utilities
and ComEd. - Implemented by UIUC and 360 Energy Group plus
Design Assistance experts on contract. - Provides Energy Conservation advice and guidance.
- Targets Illinois small businesses, both
commercial and industrial, municipal, K-12
schools, community colleges.
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23SEDAC Program Results
- Clients assisted (as of December 31, 2008)
- Level 1 1,318
- Level 2 363
- Level 3 168
- Level 4 165
- Completed studies of over 17 million square feet
with over 43,000 employees. - An additional 7.5 million sf underway.
- Recommended energy savings of 11.8M.
- Energy impact of 672,675 million Btu (4.3 million
therms 86,147 MWh) and a demand reduction of
19.8 MW.
24Program Potential Results
- The environmental benefits of the recommended
energy savings are - 127,916 tons of carbon dioxide (CO2)
- 363 tons of sulfur dioxide (SO2)
- 173 tons of nitrogen oxides (NOx)
- 19.3 tons of carbon monoxide (CO)
- 6.56 tons of particulate matter (PM10)
- 3.22 tons of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
25Energy Saving Opportunities
- Potential energy savings ranged from a high of
100 to a low of 3for existing buildings and
between 96 and 12 for new designs. - Data from 107 existing buildings shows
- 46 energy savings (includes renewables).
- 35 energy cost savings.
- Typical savings of 45k per year.
- Data from 30 new building designs shows
- 42 energy savings (includes renewables).
- 40 energy cost savings.
- Typical savings of 60k per year.
26Typical Hospital Energy Usage
In a typical hospital, water heating, space
heating, and lighting account for 6179 percent
of total energy use, depending on the climate
relative to the number of cooling- and heating
degree days. For hospitals each 1 saved in
energy costs equivalent to generating new
revenues of 20.
Source EIA/DOE
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29Large versus Small Buildings
- Envelope dominated vs internal gain dominated.
- Smaller Buildings (envelope dominated)
- Envelope very important
- Systems important
- Lighting important
- Plug loads less important
- Larger Buildings (internal gain dominated)
- Envelope less important
- Systems very important
- Lighting very important
- Plug loads important
30Bench Marking
www.energystar.gov
- Determine energy usage per square foot per year.
- Determine energy cost per square foot per year.
- How well does this building perform compared to
other - Energy Star Target Finder
- CBECS Performance Targets Table
31Energy Star Target Finder
32Buildings not in Target Finder
33Energy and Cost Performance Indicators EUI, ECI
34Business Analyzer
www.energyguide.com
35Buildings have 3 Systems
- Non-energized (envelope) Windows, doors, roofs,
walls, etc. - Energized HVAC, lighting, water heating, plug
loads, and process loads. - Human people in the building who turn things on
and off, leave windows open, come and go, and
require heat, light, air.
36Building Envelope
- Separates the building from the outside.
- Check insulation levels and wall construction
type. - Check roof type and insulation levels.
- Consider how well the building is sealed.
- Need to check windows (how many, size, type,
double pane/storm windows present).
37Gather and Note Information
- Note the envelope data.
- If you dont have drawings
- Sketch footprint.
- Note orientation.
- Site issues (room for geo well field, wind
turbines, solar arrays).
38Energized Systems
- HVAC type, size, model , condition, age
- Boilers or furnaces.
- Chillers or A/C units.
- Types of systems (conditioning delivery).
- Ventilation and its controls.
- Hot Water
- Type of system and energy source.
- Usage estimate.
- Lighting
- Types of lamps and fixtures and counts.
- Types of exit lights.
- Types of controls.
39Miscellanious Plug Loads
- What is there
- Computers
- Lamps
- Appliances
- Medical Equipment
- Are they Energy Star?
- Are they in the top 25 for efficiency?
- Can they be turned off or unplugged when not in
use? - How are they operated?
40Human System
- Number of employees
- Patient loads
- Hours of operation
- Number of PCs
- Lighting levels
- Temperature settings
- Control strategies
41Energy Analyses
- List your options, goals, and desires.
- Focus on your 10 best things to do.
- Review the utility trends and spot opportunities.
- Calculate energy and cost savings for options.
- Document your findings and recommendations.
42Putting it Together
- Needs
- Technically Appropriate
- Biggest Energy Users
- Biggest Energy Costs
- Work from End Use Back to Central Plant.
- Rolling Quick Savings into Long Term Investments.
43The SEDAC Top Energy Measures
- Lighting
- T8 fluorescent lighting with electronic ballasts
and high-bay T5s - Existing buildings also need controls.
- New buildings benefits from more efficient
fixtures, better layouts, motion detectors. - Compact fluorescent lamps for single lamp
fixtures, floods, and spotlights in place of
incandescent lights. - LEDs are coming and have their place in the mix.
- Exit lighting should be LEDs.
44The SEDAC Top ECRMs
- All Building Envelopes (beyond code)
- Increased insulation levels.
- Infiltration air sealing and duct sealing.
- Better windows (Low-E, with U-values of 0.4 or
less). - New State Energy Code is in effect since October
9, 2007 IECC 2006 (ASHRAE 90.1-2004)
45The SEDAC Top ECRMs
- Heating, Ventilating, Air-Conditioning
- Sealed combustion high efficiency boilers and
furnaces. - High SEER/EER Air-Conditioning units.
- Geothermal heat pumps.
- Programmable thermostats.
- Ventilation heat recovery systems.
- Demand control ventilation, or at least the
ability to schedule ventilation rates.
Treat code requirements as minimums not maximums!
46Illinois EEPS
- Energy Efficiency Portfolio Standard part of
Illinois Power Agency Act. - Major IOUs must play (Ameren ComEd).
- DCEO has 25 percent of the program for public
sector and low income housing. - Plan to reduce state electrical growth by 2
percent/yr by 2013.
47ComEds Program
- Smart Ideas Business Program (www.comedsmartidea
s.com ) - Standard Cash Incentives
- Lighting
- HVAC (A/C, chillers, VFDs, PTACs, etc)
- Motors
- Refrigeration Systems
- Amount of rebate is fixed.
- Just fill out forms to get funding total.
48ComEd Program
- Closed for this year (until June)
- Will have both custom and standard after June.
- Twice as much money next year.
49Ameren Illinois Utilities Program
- ActOnEnergy Business Program (www.actonenergy.ne
t) - Standard Cash Incentives
- Lighting
- HVAC (A/C, chillers, VFDs, PTACs, etc)
- Motors
- Refrigeration Systems
- Amount of rebate is fixed.
- Just fill out forms to get funding total.
50Custom Cash Incentives
- Energy Savings Incentive 0.05/kWh.
- Minimum Payback 1.0 years.
- Maximum Payback Period 7 years.
- Program closes March 31st for this year.
The maximum incentive is 100,000 per facility
per program year combined for the Standard and
Custom Incentives and Custom incentives cannot
exceed 50 of the incremental cost.
51illinoisenergy.org
52DCEO Incentive Levels
- Standard Program
- Set incentives for a standard list of equipment
upgrades, similar to the utilities. - Custom Program
- 7 cents/kWh for measures with 1-7 year payback.
- Caps
- 100,000 per program year (June to May)
- 100 of Incremental Measure Costs (added cost
of increasing efficiency beyond standard
replacement option) - 50 of Total Project Costs
53Key Web Links
54Conclusions
- Hospitals have plenty of opportunities.
- SEDAC program provides a centralized mechanism
for clients to obtain - Energy conservation information.
- Energy audits.
- Detailed simulations and analyses.
- Direct implementation assistance.
- Funnel projects to ComEd, Ameren, DCEO.
- Education and training are key components of the
program. - The incentives are here or coming.
55Illinois Smart Energy Design Assistance Center
- Web site www.sedac.org
- Contact info_at_sedac.org
- 1-800-214-7954