Pathophysiology Articles

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Pathophysiology Articles
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Your Assignment

• Find an original research article in a
  health-related database, matching the date range
  as assigned in your class. Verify that the
  article is available in PDF (Portable Document
  Format), and that its focus is a condition
  discussed in class. Print the article.
• Review articles and case studies are not
  acceptable.

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WHERE DO I BEGIN???

• For the most part, you will NOT find articles in
  peer-reviewed nursing journals at no charge on
  search engines like Google.
• The best way to proceed is to go to a database
  such as MEDLINE or CINAHL from the AHSL website
  you can access the electronic full text of
  articles available from the Library.
• Searching databases allows you to select
  citations relevant to your assignment.

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Use these two databases for best results

• CINAHL, available from 1982-2006
• MEDLINE, available from 1966-2006

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Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health
Literature(CINAHL)
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What does CINAHL include?

• Journal articles
• Dissertations
• Chapter and book citations
• Standards of professional practice
• Audiovisual materials and educational software
• Conference Proceedings

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CINAHL is a proprietary (subscription)
database.
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SAMPLE CINAHL SEARCH

• Go to the Library web page
• http//www.ahsl.arizona.edu
• Scroll down the left side of the page
• till you see MEDLINE/PubMed.
• Click on the blue capsule button labeled
• Start Ovid. Select CINAHL from the menu.

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Click Search
Type in term in the box.
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Research Article

• Once you type in research and press Search,
  CINAHL presents a long list of terms related to
  research. Go down through the group and click on
  those you think will help.
• Explode each term

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Research

• When you explode the subject heading research,
  these are the more specific terms under it.

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More significant subject headings in CINAHL

• You may also wish to add these terms to get
  additional citations
• Qualitative studies
• Quantitative studies
• Pilot studies
• Place each term on a separate line.

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Research Article

• Next, combine a symptom, disease or condition you
  discussed in class with the research terms you
  selected.

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Terms to Use for Diseases and Conditions

• Do not put in the terms tumor biology or
  endocrine system. CINAHL and MEDLINE databases
  both use controlled vocabulary and map terms.
• For tumors, use the subject NEOPLASMS.
• For endocrine system disorders, use the subject
  heading, Endocrine Diseases.

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Type term in box, click Search
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Exploding the Various Subject Headings

• When you explode the term Endocrine Diseases, you
  will also retrieve all the more specific subject
  headings indented under the main term.

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Limiting the Search

• The assignment sets several limits.
• Article cant be more than 6 months old.
• Article must be a research article no review
  articles or case studies.
• Article must be in PDF (portable document format)

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More limiting

• Select the date range.
• Select the language. English.
• You can press more limits.
• Go to publication type, select review.
• Go to publication type again, select case
  studies.
• Then eliminate the reviews and case studies from
  your retrieval set.

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More Limiting

• While there were massive numbers of citations in
  the beginning, limiting caused the final number
  to be 645 citations.
• There is no way to limit your retrieval to less
  than 1 year. CINAHL displays articles in groups
  of 10 in reverse chronological orderthe most
  recent articles appear first.
• Do NOT choose articles that were published
• prior to the date range specified in your
  assignment.

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DISPLAYING THE SEARCH

• As you begin to peruse the citations, look to the
  right below each citation.
• It will say abstract, complete reference and
  often full text.
• The full text may be in different print formats.
  It may be PDF, Ascii, or HTML.

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Article retrieval

• If the article isnt available in full text in
  OVID, it may be in the electronic journals which
  the Library owns.

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More Limiting

• You must go to the electronic journal
  subscriptions to see if the Library owns the
  journal.

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Where Do I Go After I Acquire the Citation?

• Proceed to the Librarys list of 5,000
  electronic journals.
• Check to see if the citation is available
  electronically.
• Check on the date.
• Check to see if it is available in PDF.

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Parts of a Research Article

• A research article can usually be identified
  because it is composed of the following parts.
• The parts are listed on the next slide.
• The articles you select should have this format.

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Parts of a Research Article

• Introduction
• Methods or methodology or procedure
• Research question
• Data Collection
• Analysis, may be statistical
• Results or findings
• Implications for nursing
• Ethical Considerations

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Parts of a Research Article

• Discussion
• Conclusion
• References

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The following slides list additional terms
that may help you to find relevant articles,
depending on the condition you select.
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Subject Heading Terms

• Acid-Base Imbalance
• Inflammation
• Immunity
• Stress
• Neoplasms
• Pain
• Sleep

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Subject Heading Terms

• Nervous System Diseases
• Endocrine System Diseases
• Kidney Diseases
• Digestive System Diseases
• Hematologic Diseases
• Cardiovascular Diseases
• Respiratory Tract Diseases

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Subject Heading Terms

• Arteriosclerosis
• Musculoskeletal Diseases
• Blood Coagulation Disorders
• Body Temperature
• Erythrocytes
• Genetic Diseases, Inborn

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MEDLINE
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MEDLINE

• Almost extensively journal articles
• Includes the International Nursing Index.
• Coverage goes further back (to 1966).
• Includes many foreign language journals. There
  are very few foreign language journals on the
  AHSL electronic journals list.

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Questions/Problems? Contact Hannah
Fisher Hannah_at_ahsl.arizona.edu 626-2933 Mary
Riordan Mriordan_at_ahsl.arizona.edu 626-3510
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Sample MEDLINE Search

• Go to the Library web page
• http//www.ahsl.arizona.edu
• Scroll down the left side of the page
• till you see MEDLINE/PubMed.
• Click on the blue capsule button labeled
• Start Ovid.
• Choose MEDLINE 1996-present from the menu
  instead of CINAHL.

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SEARCHING

• To facilitate the search, include a group of
  applicable terms. Add each term on a separate
  line.
• Explode each term when you mark the box opposite
  the term.
• Select all subheadings and continue.

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Searching

• Use or (which is like the mathematical
  addition sign )
• oring (or adding) the subject headings of the 6
  terms you have listed will create a larger set of
  results.
• Next add the surgical or medical condition that
  is of interest to you.

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Searching

• When you or you get more, but when you take
  this string of ors and and it to another term
  on a different line, your retrieval will be less.

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Retrieval from MEDLINE

• Use the same steps as in CINAHL.
• After you retrieve the citations, check for PDF
  availability in the Librarys electronic journal
  list.
• Print the desired articles.

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APA Manual is available at the AHS Library Loan
Desk if you do not own the manual.It is on
Reserve. This may be checked out with your
CatCard. The call number is WZ 345 P512P 2001