Sensing Security Advances in WaterQuality Monitoring

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Sensing SecurityAdvances in Water-Quality
Monitoring

• Glenn G. Patterson
• U.S. Geological Survey

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5 Steps to Water System Security

• Threat Identification and characterization
• Vulnerability assessment
• Physical security
• Water-Quality Monitoring
• Communication and Response

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Components of Monitoring

• Monitoring plan
• Sensors
• Broad-range
• Specific
• Quality assurance
• Background levels
• Communication and response plan

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The value of time-relevant data

• Provide data to decision-makers in time for
  action
• Detect accidental or intentional releases
• Improve efficiency of monitoring programs

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Traditional Real-Time Parameters

• Stage and streamflow
• Temperature
• Specific conductance
• pH
• Dissolved Oxygen
• Turbidity

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Kansas Water Quality
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Kansas Water Quality
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Kansas Water Quality
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Kansas Water Quality
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Kansas Water Quality
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Steps to Deployment of New Sensing Technology

• Concept
• Research and Development ()
• Lab Testing
• Field Testing
• Deployment
• Refinement

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The Value of Partnerships

• DOE Sandia Labs
• Army Soldier Biological and Chemical Command
• Defense Threat Reduction Agency
• Environmental Protection Agency
• States, Counties, Cities, Utilities

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Advances in Europe

• 71 advanced early-warning monitoring stations
• Some stations can detect 40 compounds
• Active research on interpreting results and
  determining background levels

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PARAMETERS AND CONSTITUENTS MONITORED ON THE
RIVER TRENT
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Sensors Available Now

• Broad Range Whole-water toxicity--sentinel
  species
• Specific Semi-volatiles
• Specific Volatiles

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Whole Water ToxicityAutomated Bioassays with
Sentinel Species

• Bacteria
• Algae
• Daphnia
• Clams and mussels
• Fish

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Semi-Volatiles

• HPLC with Solid-phase extraction

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Volatiles

• GC with in-situ purge and trap

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Sensors Under Development

• DOE--Sandia Labs
• Micro-Chemlab on a Chip

www.sandia.gov
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Sensors Under Development

• DOEOak Ridge National Lab
• Chemical-Biological Mass Spec with direct inlet

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Sensor Array Under Development

• Army Soldier Biological and Chemical Command
• Joint Service Agent Water Monitor

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Sensors Under Development--Chemical and
Biological agents

• Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform IR
  Spec
• Molecular Imprinted Polymers
• Pyrolysis GC Ion Mobility Mass Spec

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Sensors Under DevelopmentBiological Agents

• Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction
• Antibody-Antigen Tests
• Surface-Enhanced Ramon Sensors

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Additional Considerations

• Background concentrations
• Need for communication and response plan
• Field Testing

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USGS River Monitoring Network
Water.usgs.gov/waterwatch