World War II

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World War II

• The US mobilizes, tides turn and changes occur

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Those involved
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Holocaust Pictures
Corpses of women piled up on the floor of Block
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Meeting US needs

• Selective Service System expanded the draft
  (added 10 million to the 5 million volunteers)
• Womens Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC) Non-combat
  roles, nurses, ambulance drivers, radio
  operators, electricians, and pilots.

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Picture of a Funeral of Inmates After the
Liberation of Auschwitz
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Minority Roles

• African Americans
• Native Americans
• Mexican Americans
• Chinese Americans
• Japanese Americans

• Served in high numbersbut why?
• Segregated units
• Non-combat until 1943
• Valuable contributions to the Allied effort

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Picture of Sacks of Human Hair in Auschwitz
Packed for Dispatch to Germany
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Changes in US industry

• Feb 1942- the end of automobile production for
  private use.
• Produced tanks, planes, boats, command cars
• Other factories-war production as well

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Two ovens inside the crematorium at the Dachau
concentration camp.
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Labor Roles/Changes

• Needed more people to meet needs/replace
• 1944- 18 million workers in war industries
• 6 million women (60 wages)
• 2 million minorities
• Roosevelt calls for end to discrimination in work
  force.

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Survivors in Dachau.
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Office of Scientific Research and Development

• Radar/Sonar find subs
• Pesticides Insects
• Drugs/Treatment Penicillin
• Weapons ATOMIC BOMB
• Manhattan Project- research and create the weapon
  and technology

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Children of Nazi Dr. Joseph MengeleAngel of
Death
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Supply/Demand/Cost

• Consumer Demand for products increasedwhy?
• Supply of goods and products dropped
• Expectations for price/cost of goods?

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Nazi Mass Grave Containing Jewish Victims
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Office of Price Administration

• Created by Roosevelt to protect consumers
• Froze prices on many goods
• Raised income tax for millions (reduce
  demand/less to spend)
• Sold War Bonds to keep inflation low
• Rationed goods-meat, shoes, sugar, coffee, gas

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War Production Board

• Ensure armed forces and war industries the
  resources that they needed (allocated)
• Which companies would be mobilized
• Organized national drives-scrap iron, tin, paper,
  rags, etc

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Picture of a Warehouse Full of Shoes and Clothing
in Auschwitz
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Churchill and Roosevelt make plans

• Hitler first/Pacific second
• Winter 1943- allied victories began
• Battle of Stalingrad- a major turning point
• 2 Soviet winters trap Germans inside
• Germans surrender
• Soviet losses 1,100,000 (ltUS)
• Soviets move west (Ger)

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Operation Torch

• Allied attack on Axis controlled N. Africa
• General Dwight D. Eisenhower led
• To soon for Europe attack
• Months of heavy fighting give Allied victory

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Unconditional Surrender

• Allied decision- enemy must accept terms dictated
  by the Allies
• Decision Launch a massive invasion through
  France (across English Channel) into Germany
• First however, attack Italy
• Sicily falls (1943), Italian government forces
  Mussolini to resign

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Benito Mussolinis reign ends

• Forced to resign
• Stripped of power
• Arrested, shot, and hung
• Most hated man in Italy
• Read Text, page 573
• Hitler attempts to defend Germany in Italy (fails
  in 1945)
• Bloody Anzio-55,000 die in 4 months

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US Propaganda

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Remember!