Title: Instructional Design Basics: Teaming Information Development and Training Development
1Instructional Design Basics Teaming Information
Development and Training Development
2Breaking out of writing into Instructional
Design
- Learn some theory
- Learn some models
- Look at examples
- Find opportunities to practice
- Find a mentor
- Deb Lockwood, presentation at STC 2007
3Breaking out of writing into Brain Surgery
- Learn some theory
- Learn some models
- Look at examples
- Find opportunities to practice
- Find a mentor
- John McGloon, just now
4After this session you will be able to
- Recognize key elements of the definition of
instructional design - Explain a performance gap
- Draw and describe the ADDIE model
- Recognize key components of an Instructional
Design Plan - Describe effective ways for information
developers to team up with instructional
designers and trainers
5What is Instructional Design?
- A Science
- The science of creating detailed specifications
for the development, implementation, evaluation,
and maintenance of situations that facilitate the
learning of both large and small units of
subject matter at all levels of complexity.
6What is Instructional Design?
- A Discipline
- The branch of knowledge concerned with research
and theory about instructional strategies and the
process for developing and implementing those
strategies.
7What is Instructional Design?
- A Process
- The systematic development of instructional
specifications using learning and instructional
theory to ensure the quality of instructionthe
entire process of analysis of learning needs and
goals and the development of a delivery system to
meet those needs. It includes development of
instructional materials and activities and
tryout and evaluation of all instruction and
learner activities.
8One view ADDIE Model
Analyze
9Anatomy
Physiology
Learning Theories
Psychology
Instructional Theories
Instructional Design
10Performance Gap
11ADDIE Model
12ADDIE sample tasks and outputs
13Create a Task Matrix
Roles
Tasks
14Create a task matrix
- Use requirements documents to predict tasks
- Consider roles or personas
- Determine high priority tasks
- Risk?
- Frequency?
- Other factors?
15Develop from a Task Matrix
Roles
Tasks
16Other models
17Needs analysis
18Conduct a needs analysis
- To determine the performance gap
- Possible solutions
- To provide a basis of measurement
- To gain management support
19Designing Instructional Systems A.J. Romiszowski
1981
Training
Information System
Plan practice Retrain
Telling/ showing
On job training
Supply a Manual
Formal instruction (course)
Supply Job Aids
Problem tasks rarely performed
Has prerequisites
Teach Pre-reqs
Enlarge the job
Staffing
Reassign/ transfer
Enrich the job
Problem tasks freq performed
Lacks pre- requisites
Restructure job
Deficiency In Job Performance
Plan feed- back of results
Never performed well
Used to perform well
Reorg Manage- ment systems
No obvious consequences
Deficient management systems
Motivation Systems (Contingency Management)
Poor performance rewarded
Increase rewards for good perfor- mance
Reorg responsi- bilities
Good perfor- mance punished
Methods or equipment deficient
Eliminate rewards for poor perfor- mance
Replan work methods/ sequence
Replan the Equip or workspace
Organization Method
Eliminate punishment
Increase punishment for non-perf
Work Study
20The Instructional Design Plan
- Covers the basic phases of ADDIE
- (see sample outputs)
- May include additional details, as required
21ADDIE sample tasks and outputs
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32Gagnes nine instructional events
- Gaining attention (reception)
- Informing learners of the objective (expectancy)
- Stimulating recall of prior learning (retrieval)
- Presenting the stimulus (selective perception)
- Providing learning guidance (semantic encoding)
- Eliciting performance (responding)
- Providing feedback (reinforcement)
- Assessing performance (retrieval)
- Enhancing retention and transfer (generalization)
33Example Recognize an equilateral triangle
- Gain attention - show variety of computer
generated triangles - Identify objective - pose question "What is an
equilateral triangle?" - Recall prior learning - review definitions of
triangles - Present stimulus - give definition of equilateral
triangle - Guide learning- show example of how to create
equilateral - Elicit performance - ask students to create 5
different examples - Provide feedback - check all examples as
correct/incorrect - Assess performance- provide scores and
remediation - Enhance retention/transfer - show pictures of
objects and ask students to identify equilaterals
34Information Development and Instructional Design
- How can technical writers, instructional
designers, and trainers work better together?
35Ideal Partners
- In the best circumstances, instructional
designers and technical communicators are both
considered part of the information-development
team. - CIDM Information Management News July 2007
36Develop unified user profiles
- Because they work regularly with actual users,
classroom trainers are an invaluable source of
information to build in-depth user profiles. - Trainers, instructional designers, and
information developers need to participate in
analyzing users and constructing mutually agreed
upon profiles.
37Effective collaboration training and information
development
- Combine forces single organization under unified
management - Launch joint development define all
deliverables from a common source - Manage jointly or alternate management
- Gather user profiles based on a common
understanding of user needs - Decide the role of training, documentation, and
help during design - CIDM Information Management News July 2007
38Developing training as part of information
development
- Instructional designer writes IDP
- Agree on user profiles
- Establish objectives together
- Develop during product development
- Content reuse opportunity
- Co-develop with writers and instructional
designers - Establish measures of effectiveness
39Review
- Recognize key elements of the definition of
instructional design - Explain a performance gap
- Draw and describe the ADDIE model
- Recognize key components of an Instructional
Design Plan - Describe effective ways for information
developers to team up with instructional
designers and trainers