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CHILLED WATER SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION

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ARI Released The New Standard in December 1998. Available through. the ARI web site: ... Provides superior part-load performance compared to fixed-orifice designs ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: CHILLED WATER SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION


1
CHILLED WATER SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION
2
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Introductions
Bernard A. Fernandez Sales Engineer Carrier
Corporation
4
Agenda
  • How Are Systems Evaluated Today ? (ARI
    550/590-98)
  • How Will Chiller Systems Be Evaluated Tomorrow ?
    / Why ?

5
How Are Water Chillers Evaluated Today?
  • Full Load Efficiency
  • and
  • Part Load Efficiency (IPLV)

6
ARI Released The New Standard in December 1998
  • Available through
  • the ARI web site
  • WWW.ARI.ORG

7
ARI PART LOADWEIGHTING FACTORS
8
Condenser Water Turndown
90
85
80
75
ARI 550/590-98
70
65
60
25
50
75
100
9
Per ARI 550/590-98 White Paper IPLV represents
an average single chiller application, it may
not be representative of a particular job
installation.
10
Why is this statement in the paper ? ?
11
Evaluating Systems
12
Building Load Profiles
ARI Load Profile
Bldg Load
Temp Bin
13
Evaluating Systems
  • The IPLV Formula Does Not Describe Reality
  • Building Load Profiles
  • Multiple Chillers

14
Mix Of Chillers Sold 1997 / 1998
3.3 4 Chillers
1 Chiller
14.3
3 Chillers
15.4
1 Chiller Into Existing Multi- Chiller
Installation
23.7
43.3
2 Chillers
85 Are Multiple Chiller Jobs
Source Review of Industry Shipments
15
Three Chillers 33/33/33Operation
Chiller Load
16
Three Chillers 33/33/33Operation
Chiller Load
17
Three Chillers 33/33/33Operation
Chiller Load
18
Evaluating Systems
  • The IPLV Formula Does Not Describe Reality
  • Building Load Profiles
  • Multiple Chillers
  • Local Weather Data

19
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Evaluating Systems
  • The IPLV Formula Does Not Describe Reality
  • Building Load Profiles
  • Multiple Chillers
  • Local Weather Data
  • Mixing Chillers
  • Economizer Operation
  • Demand Charges
  • Tower Efficiency..etc.

21
There is a Better Solution
Chiller System Optimizer Will Evaluate YOUR System
22
It is best to use a comprehensive analysis that
reflects the ...
  • Actual weather data
  • Building load characteristics
  • Number of chillers
  • Operational hours
  • Economizer capabilities
  • Energy drawn by auxiliaries such as pumps and
    cooling towers,
  • especially for multiple chiller systems

23
The CSO will help
  • Estimate chiller plant energy cost
  • Compare various system to determine which one is
    most cost effective
  • Compare VFD vs Constant speed
  • Compare cooling towers large vs small
  • Calculate savings from economizer cooling cycles

24
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Inputs
27
Chiller Plant Efficiency Comparison
28
Energy Cost By Month
29
Electrical Energy Use By Month
30
System PLV Report
31
System Load Profiles
Chillers operating at lower condenser water are
able to provide more capacity. This equates to
less cooling towers and pumps operating.
32
ACCUMETER FLOW CONTROL
1281
.535
kW/Ton
Tons
1048
.434
85oF
80oF
75oF
60oF
70oF 65oF
Entering Condenser Water Temperature
  • Result Increased Tons, DecreasedkW/Ton with
    Lower Entering Condenser Water Temperature

33
FEATURES/BENEFITS - LINEAR FLOAT VALVE
ACCUMETER FLOW CONTROL
Full Load
Part Load
Low Load
  • Eliminates inefficient vapor bypass
  • Provides superior part-load performance compared
    to fixed-orifice designs
  • Simple, economical design

34
Condenser Temperature Profiles
35
System Performance Profile
36
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Nice ProgramBut...How Will It Make My Life
Easier ?
42
1500 Ton, Water Cooled Chiller Job
The Best Solution...
43
Or... Is There A Better Solution?
44
Centrifugal Large/Small Screw?
Qty FL NPLV Centrif 2 .60 .55 L
Screw 1 .61 .47 Centrif 2 .60 .55 S
Screw 1 .71 .53 Centrif 3 .60 .57
SPLV .51 .51 .50
Op Cost 158k 158k 155k
Although the all centrifugal system is most
efficient, it has a 9 year payback.
45
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Whats The Solution?
(3) 500 Ton Centrifugal
47
CONSTANT SPEED OR VFDs
  • DOES THE OPTIMAL SYSTEM CONSIST OF
  • ALL CONSTANT SPEED MACHINES?
  • VFD ON THE LEAD MACHINE?
  • VFD ON ALL MACHINES?

IT DEPENDS
48
VFD or Not
System Qty FL NPLV Cnst Spd 3 .59 .54 VFD 1 .62
.39 Cnst Spd 2 .59 .54 VFD 3 .62 .39
SPLV .496 .460 .430
Op Cost 201k 191k 183k
Less Then 2.5 year Payback On Both Proposals
Washington DC Retail Center 2100 Tons Required
Load No Economizer
49
VFD or Not
System Qty FL NPLV Cnst Spd 3 .59 .54 VFD 1 .62
.39 Cnst Spd 2 .59 .54 VFD 3 .62 .39
SPLV .515 .507 .498
Op Cost 154k 152k 149k
Payback Is Now 9 years
Washington DC Retail Center 2100 Tons Required
Load Economizer Operation _at_ 55 deg
50
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52
HOW ELSE CAN YOU USE THE CSO PROGRAM???
53
ECWT LimitWhat Does It Really Mean?
Entering Condenser Water Temperature (ECWT)
54
ECWT LimitWhat Does It Really Mean?
Hrs lt 70
Degrees
71
Hrs gt 70
Degrees
Chicago Retail Store
55
ECWT LimitWhat Does It Really Mean?
55 deg F ECWT 65
0.58 kW/ton Full Load 0.58
0.56 kW/ton NPLV 0.49
0.45 kW/ton SPLV 0.48
10,000 Annual Operating Cost
56
Condenser Water Hours Below 70 Deg (24 hr
Operation)
Miami 5
57
WHATS A BETTER TOWER CHOICEBIG or SMALL
TOWER?
??
Larger towers mean colder condenser water temps
for the chiller
58
Big or Small Tower?
  • Baltimore, Md
  • 1500 Ton Office Building
  • (3) 500 Ton Chillers
  • Economizer Operation

59
Big Tower or Small Tower?
Approach NPLV SPLV Op Cost Tower 9
deg .562 .502 114k 46k 7 deg .562
.489 111k 49k 5 deg .562
.480 108k 55k
Both Paybacks Are Less Than 2 Years
60
What Does This Do For Me?
  • True System Modeling
  • Minimize Assumptions

61
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What Does This Do For Me?
  • True System Modeling
  • Minimize Assumptions
  • Enhance Your Productivity
  • Easy To Compare Different Chiller Systems
  • Put a Value On Different Scenarios
  • Good Tool To Use With Your Customers
  • Shows You Provided The Best System

63
See Your Carrier Representative About A
Demonstration
64
The question may arise as to how to specify this
idea. The following slides explain the concept.
65
Reports Custom PLV
  • Problem SPLV is a Good Idea, But How Do You Get
    It Specified?
  • Most Engineers Are Comfortable With ARI Type NPLV
    Formula

66
Reports Custom PLV
  • Problem SPLV is a Good Idea, But How Do You Get
    It Specified?
  • Most Engineers Are Comfortable With ARI Type NPLV
    Formula

67
Reports Custom PLV
68
To help explain with a real example, you can run
the Custom PLV report and insert here.
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70
Bernard A. Fernandez
  • Carrier Corporation
  • 780 Dedham St.
  • Canton, Ma 02026
  • Phone 781-774-6310
  • Fax 781-774-6399
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