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Title: integrated urban governance and air quality management in europe


1
integrated urban governance and air quality
management in europe
Integrated urban governance and Air Quality
management in Europe WP5 by E. Negrenti -
ENEA
Venice October 2002 Integaire Meetings
2
1 Work plan overall activity
  • Development of a strongly integrated model and
    appropriate tools that link air quality science
    and technology to the need of the policy end user
    at the urban level
  • Facilitate identification of RTD gaps and future
    RTD priorities in urban air quality management
    and urban governance to assist the development of
    the new research agenda

3
2. ENEA and INTEGAIRE
4
2.1 ENEA Tasks
  • Co-ordination of WP5 (6 MM)
  • Participation in WP3 (Thematic Strategy), WP4
    (Urban Governance), WP6 (Legislation) (1 MM in
    each)

5
2.2 ENEA Team
  • E. Negrenti (Energy Dept)
  • A. Agostini (Energy Dept.)
  • V. Sachero (Env. Dept)
  • G. Zanini (Env. Dept)
  • G. Valenti (Energy Dept)
  • F. Monforti (Env. Dept)
  • Common background participation in many
    FP3-4-5 Projects on Transport and related Impacts
    - management of framework activities between ENEA
    and the Environment Min.

6
3. LU and TR Planning in Italy
7
3.1 Activities funded by the Environment Ministry
  • Development of DSS for urban mobility
  • Testing of new Traffic Management measures (Car
    Sharing, shared taxi, mobility manager, car free
    days.)
  • Modelling and monitoring of key transport related
    pollutants (PM10, PAHs, benzene)
  • New city logistics for goods distribution

8
3.2 Other lines of action for LUTR
  • Urban mobility plans
  • Traffic urban plans
  • Pedestrianisation of urban centres
  • Shift to rail transport (e.g. Rome and Naples)
  • Extended Parking Pricing

9
4. WP5 TASKS
10
4.1 WP 5 AQ, land and transport planning main
objective and partners
  • Aimintegration of air quality concerns into
    general urban planning, infrastructure plans,
    challenges of co-operation at regional and
    inter-regional levels on air quality monitoring
    and management
  • Lead ENEA
  • Main Partners role preparation of basic
    dicussion docs. for preparatory meetings and
    active participation in workshops.
    Co-responsible for workshop reports Eurocities,
    UWE, Bristol, ACCESS, Malmö, Leipzig, Sevilla,
    Utrecht

11
4.2 WP5 Planned actions (red means in
progress) 5.1 (RR Research of References)
Collection of studies, papers, Sites, Conferences
acts on key areas for INT WP5 5.2 (Q)
Questionnaire to local authorities (for the
identification of Issues and Topics for the FR,
exchange of best practice, testing of new
measures, characterisation of approaches,
problems and needs) 5.3 (ROResearch Offer) Tools
Methods being offered by RD projects for
improving AQ through LTP, new modelling and
monitoring techniques, less polluting fuels
etc 5.4 (DA) Presentation of the state of the
art, debate and agreement among the participants
on barriers to the implementation of sustainable
Land Use and Transport Planning 5.5 (FP6)
Identification of research areas for FP6
(Gaps) 5.6 (N) Networking with AQ community (EC
Projects, CAFE etc.)
12
4.2.1 WP 5 AQ, Land and Transport Planning
  • Task 5.1 RESEARCH OF REFERENCES (Collection of
    studies, papers, sites, conference info..)
  • from European Commission WGs on sustainable land
    use and transport
  • from LUTR cluster of projects (e.g. ASTRAL)
  • from Projects directly involved in the INTEGAIRE
    domain of interest (e.g. ISHTAR Project)
  • gtgtgtgtgt Actions done list from Zanini, input
    from Valenti complete list before Athens WS

13
4.2.2 WP 5 AQ, Land and Transport Planning
  • Task 5.2 Questionnaire to local authorities
  • Objective to characterise
  • Local environmental issues,
  • Tested strategies against pollution,
  • Initiatives being planned
  • Monitoring and modelling tools available
  • Difficulties in implementing RD results
  • Wishes for research contribution in future
  • .Issues and Topics for the Final Report !
  • gtgtgtgt Actions done 9 replies received, summary
    of first 7 drafted by Sachero (see section 6)

14
4.2.3 WP 5 AQ, Land and Transport Planning
  • Task 5.3 DEFINITION OF RESEARCH OFFER (Tools
    Methods being offered by RD projects for
    improving AQ through LTP)
  • TM available at cities, by ENEA, by other
    INTEGAIRE partners (TNO, NILU, UWE)
  • Expectations of cities for improving monitoring
    and modelling techniques
  • Identification of gaps between offer and demand
    (input for task 5.5 in view of FP6)
  • gtgtgtgtgt Actions done limited (identification of
    possible outcomes from projects where ENEA is
    involved)

15
4.2.4 WP 5 AQ, Land and Transport Planning
  • Task 5.4 Presentation of the state of the art,
    debate and agreement among the participants on
    barriers to implementation of sustainable Land
    Use and Transport Planning
  • gtgtgtgtgtgtgtgt so far a lot of preliminary debate
    for the definition of issues and topics. In
    near future the agreement of IT and the debate
    on the concrete guidelines to define for each
    topic will start !

16
4.2.5 WP 5 AQ, Land and Transport Planning
  • Task 5.5 Identification of research areas for
    FP6
  • gtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgt Cities, scientists, decision
    makers have to agree strategies (including RD
    efforts) for improving Sustainable LUTR Planning
    (better SW and HW tools, harmonised powers,
    increased environmental awareness and technical
    solutions)
  • Actions starting in 2003

17
4.2.6 WP 5 AQ, Land and Transport Planning
  • Task 5.6 networking with AQ community (EC
    projects CAFE.)
  • establish links with AQ related projects,
    actions, international initiatives
  • gtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgt actions done Zanini is in CAFE,
    Negrenti is in ISHTAR, HEARTS, ASTRAL cluster

18
4.3 WP 5 AQ, Land and Transport Planning
  • EXPECTED CONTRIBUTIONS FROM PARTNERS
  • CITIES are expected to contribute mainly in tasks
    5.2 and 5.4
  • SCIENTIFIC PARTNERS will contribute significantly
    in tasks 5.1, 5.3, 5.5, 5.6

19
5. RD ENEA OFFER
20
5.1 Areas of scientific contribution
  • 1) Models for the optimisation of urban
    environmental policies (e.g. TEE Transport Energy
    and Environment)
  • 2) Models Suite for the integrated environmental
    planning (e.g. EESD ISHTAR Project suite)
  • 3) Measurement and modelling techniques for the
    identification of less polluting fuels (e.g. the
    Bologna experience)

21
5.1 Advanced Impact Models for Designing and
Assessing Urban Transport Policies
  • TEE model being developed at ENEA since 1992 aims
    at an advanced and more accurate estimate of
    transport related consumption and emissions.
    Better estimate means correct design or correct
    validation of actions/measures/policies for urban
    transport systems.
  • TEE software has started in 2001 the national
    testing phase. Since March 2002 it is also
    distributed to international test users (UK, FI,
    S, AUS, USA)

22
1. MODELLING OBJECTIVES OF TEE MODEL
  • Link by link emission calculation
  • Flexible kinematics options
  • All main factors affecting emissions
  • Separated analysis of parking process for higher
    accuracy in cold emissions prediction
  • Integration of the micro module (one link - one
    hour) in a year - network framework

23
2. THE TEE KINEMATICS FLEXIBILITY
  • VARIABLE KINEMATICS APPROACH
  • ALLOWS STRATEGIC COUPLING WITH ANY TRAFFIC MODEL
    OR DATA
  • AVERAGE SPEED OPTIONS
  • SIMPLIFIED CYCLE OPTIONS
  • DETAILED SPEED CYCLE OPTION
  • KINEMATICS CORRECTION FACTOR APPROACH (DG XII
    ESTEEM PROJECT 1998)

24
3. MODELLED FACTORS
  • ENGINE TEMPERATURE (COLD FRACTION PERCENTAGE, BY
    LINK)
  • ROAD GRADIENT (SLOPE)
  • MAINTENANCE LEVEL (PERIOD)
  • AGE (REAL VS NORMAL)
  • ALTITUDE ABOVE SEA LEVEL
  • VEH. FLOWS FROM/TO PARKINGS (for better cold
    emissions distribution estimate)

25
4. PARKING PROCESS SIMULATION
  • PARKING AND INSERTING FLOWS FOR EACH LINK (P
    AND I MODES)
  • CONCENTRATED AND DISTRIBUTED PARKING AREAS
  • SPECIFIC SPEED CYCLES FOR VEHICLES ENTERING
    (P-FLOWS) AND LEAVING (I-FLOWS) THE PARKING AREAS
  • P DECELL., SEARCH, PARKING INTERVALS
  • I WARM UP, EXIT, INSERTION INTERVALS

26
5. MODELLING VEHICLES KINEMATICS THE
CORRECTION FACTOR APPROACH
  • CONSUMPTIONS AND EMISSIONS ON NETWORK LINKS ARE
    NORMALLY CALCULATED FROM AVERAGE SPEED, BUT LINKS
    WITH THE SAME AVERAGE SPEED CAN SHOW VERY
    DIFFERENT VEHICLE KINEMATICS, AND VERY DIFFERENT
    EMISSIONS AND CONSUMPTION.
  • TO CORRECT THE AVERAGE SPEED EMISSION WITH A
    FACTOR INCLUDING THE EFFECT OF SPEED VARIABILITY
    ALONG THE LINK, BASED ON INSTANTANEOUS EMISSIONS
    AND ON THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE LOCAL CYCLE FROM
    AVAILABLE TRAFFIC DATA CAN BE THE SOLUTION
  • MODEL DEFINED IN DG XII ESTEEM PROJECT (1998) AND
    DEVELOPED FOR BENZENE UNDER ENVIR. MINISTRY
    CONTRACT IN 2001

27
5.2 ISHTAR Advanced Models Suite for
Designing and Assessing Urban Environmental
Policies
28
ISHTAR INTEGRATED SOFTWARE FOR HEALTH,
TRANSPORT EFFICIENCY AND ARTISTIC HERITAGE
RECOVERYE. NEGRENTI ENEA
29
5.2.1 ISHTAR OBJECTIVE
  • OBJECTIVE The aim of ISHTAR Project is to
    build an advanced software suite for the analysis
    of the effects of short term actions and long
    term policies for the quality of the environment,
    citizens health and safety, preservation of the
    artistic heritage.
  • Start June 2001 End June 2004

30
5.2.2 SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES
  • Integration of a relevant number of existing and
    newly developed software tools
  • Evolution of modelling techniques in crucial
    environmental areas citizens behaviour, vehicle
    emissions, road safety, exposure and health
    effects
  • Creation of integrated modules within the overall
    Suite (transport module, direct impacts module,
    dispersion module, overall evaluation module)
  • Space and Time total flexibility (from 1 road in
    1 hour to a network in 1 year)

31
5.2.3 INNOVATION
  • FLEXIBLE TRANSPORT ANALYSIS MODULE (PROBABLY 2
    TOOLS OPEN INPUT OPTION)
  • INTEGRATED DIRECT IMPACTS MODULE (EMISSIONS,
    SAFETY, NOISE)
  • ADVANCED EMISSIONS SOFTWARE (MORE DATABASES,
    VEHICLES KINEMATICS, PARKING PROCESS,
    EMISSIONS DISTRIBUTION)
  • CITIZENS BEHAVIOUR MODULE
  • INTEGRATION OF HEALTH AND MONUMENTS DAMAGE

32
Main INPUT data
OUTPUT
5.2.4. The ISHTAR Suite
33
5.3 Measurement and modelling techniques for the
identification of less polluting fuels
  • Research activity funded by the Italian Envir.
    Ministry and performed by ENEA (Co-ordination by
    G. Zanini - ENEA Bologna)

34
5-3 1BOLOGNA granulometrie del particolato
aerosospeso in massa
Dae
Dae
35
5.3.2 Bologna 5-11/2/2001
Dae
36
5.3.3 Bologna 22-28/5/2000
0.5
Dae
Dae
Dae
37
5.3.4 Bologna contenuto di IPA del particolato
atmosferico
Frazione del particolato con Dae
Frazione del particolato con Dae
Frazione del particolato con Dae
Frazione del particolato con Dae
90
38
Section 6
  • Elaboration of WP5 Questionnaires
  • by Valentina Sachero

39
Considerations
  • Open questions? heterogeneous answers
  • qualitative/quantitative informations
  • Subjective/objective definition of priorities
  • Difficult comparison of the results
  • BUT
  • Specific features highlighted
  • Gathering of not codified information (i.e.
    cultural framework and approach)

40
Evaluation of the Response
i.e. level of pertinence of answers, of
qualitative/quantitative features, etc.
41
Elaboration Approach
  • Homogenization of answers
  • Focusing on the core of answers
  • Focusing on priorities
  • Highlighting common features
  • Synthesis (work in progress...)
  • Classification of answers
  • Comparison and quantitative elaboration
  • Introduction of indicators

42
Example of Homogenization AQ Policies
43
Example of Synthesis AQ Policies
44
Classification
  • Urban Planning
  • improving infrastructures (roads and cycling
    network), parking and pedestrian areas
  • Transport management
  • improving public transport system, car sharing,
    transport telematic systems
  • Fuels and means E. F. technologies
  • introduction of environmental friendly fuels in
    public transport means, innovative engines,
    bicycles etc.

45
Example of Synthesis AQ Policies
A first classification introduced in Q3 has been
expanded
46
Further developments
  • Increase the number of municipalities involved
    (?)
  • Classification of answers for all the
    questionnaire sections
  • Elaboration of the synthesis results (graphics,
    statistics...)
  • Choice of specific indicators to represent
    correlation phenomena (i.e. AQ monitoring/transpor
    t policy)

47
SECTION 7ISSUES AND TOPICS
  • BY E. NEGRENTI

48
7.1 IT short story
  • Discussion started with a list of words
    (elements of interest for cities)
  • need of ordering the matter (categorise)
  • many input from cities since Bristol mtng
  • remarkable proposal from Venice
  • WP3L proposal for FR structure basically accepted
  • WP5L plan to amend Venice proposal with info
    from IT TNO collection of replies and info
    received with WP5 Qs (also in agreement with
    schemes proposed by WP4-6 leaders)

49
7.2 IT problems
  • How to categorise IT ? Must Issues be
    homogeneous ? And topics ?
  • What is the best size of topics ? Too large
    topics can hardly be briefly discussed too small
    topics imply a huge number of them for covering
    the whole matter !
  • Generality some Topics are WP related while
    other are of general interest within INTEGAIRE
  • Practicality topics must be subjects on which
    an exhaustive discussion will be possible and a
    guideline-suggestion will be meaningful (lets
    avoid too generic themes)

50
Transport related issues (and topics)(areas of
action - split by typology)
  • 1) (how to improve) travel demand ? (teleworking,
    tele shopping, car sharing, home delivery,
    taxation regime, regener., education awareness
    gtgtgt EUR and ACC
  • 2) (..) traffic management (control transport
    telem., freight transport, area restriction to
    clean vehicles gtgtgt UTR, Mal
  • 3) (..) network characteristics offer of
    transport (infrastructures, Transport telematics,
    parking lots, PR, PT enhancement) gtgtgt LEI, Bri
  • 4) vehicles fleet emission characteristics (low
    emit.vehicles, electric vehicles, GPL vehicles,
    CH4 veh., hybrid busesgtgtgt DU

51
Land Use related Issues (and topics)again
these are areas of possible action
  • 5 (LU modification ) (Resid. Areas, pedestr.
    Areas, Regeneration and newly devel. area, LUTR
    relationship..) gtgtgt ACC, Lei, UTR
  • 6) How to reduce Residential Emissions (District
    heating, Low emission heating systems, renewable
    energy based systems, energytown planning,.)
    gtgtgt SEV , Ven?
  • 7) How to reduce Industrial emissions (topics by
    type of industrial activity)

52
Planning tools related issues (and topics)these
are key elements of planning which relate to the
measures defined in issues 1 to 7, but deserve a
separate analysis
  • 8) LU transport related models (LU Models,
    traffic models, transport emission models...) gtgtgt
    ENE
  • 9) industrial and residential modelling (activity
    models, emission models.) gtgtgt Ven ??
  • 10) pollution and exposure modelling (air
    dispersion modelling, population distribution,
    exposure modelling, health effects
    predictions..) gtgt Bri (WP6)
  • 11) Measurements (as a support to Planning)
    measurements of traffic parameters, air
    pollution, people exposure.gtgtgtgtgt GOT

53
Q WHERE shall we consider the kind of
pollution ?
  • The proposed frame assumes that the recognition
    of the pollutants of interest occurs at the
    level of topics (e.g. by suggesting which
    measures are the best for fighting a given
    pollutant)
  • BUT a different approach is possible start from
    the definition of pollution (e.g. PM10 NOx)
    and find which issues and topics have to be
    considered gtgtgt this would require some kind of
    top level guidance for entering our IT world
  • The pilot work on topics selected at Venice
    meeting will be based on the first assumption
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