Class Arachnida, Order Acari (mites and ticks). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

About This Presentation
Title:

Class Arachnida, Order Acari (mites and ticks).

Description:

Class Arachnida, Order Acari mites and ticks. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:4094
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 198
Provided by: kmc70
Category:
Tags: acari | arachnida | bol | class | mites | order | ticks

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Class Arachnida, Order Acari (mites and ticks).


1
Class Arachnida, Order Acari (mites and ticks).
  • arachnids as parasites
  • chiggers (mites) and ticks









2
Differences Between Ticks and Mites
  • Ticks are large with a toothed hypostome that is
    exposed. They have a Hallers organ.
  • Mites are small usually microscopic and have a
    unarmed hidden hypostome. They dont have a
    Hallers organ.

3
Pathogenesis attributable to Ticks
  • Anemia
  • Dermatosis
  • Paralysis
  • Otoacariasis
  • Infections

4
Family Ixodidae The Hard Ticks
5
Family Ixodidae The Hard Ticks
Toothed Hypostome
6
Tick Life Cycle
7
Adult Male and Adult Female Tick after blood meal!
8
Tick Larva
9
Tick after Molting!
10
Some Common Ticks
11
Family Ixodidae The Hard Ticks
Anal Groove
Anal Groove
Festoons
Non-Ixodes genera
Ixodes spp.
12
Boophilus annulatus The Bovine Tick
13
One Host Life Cycle
14
Rhipicephalus sanguineus The Brown Dog Tick
15
Haemaphysalis leporispalustirs The rabbit tick
16
Ixodes sp. Hard Tick
17
Amblyomma americanum The Lone Star Tick
18
Dermacentor variabilis The American Dog Tick
19
Dermacentor variabilis The American Dog Tick
20
D. andersoni The Rocky Mountain Wood Tick
21
Three Host Life Cycle
22
Family Argasidae The Soft Ticks
23
Soft Ticks
Hard Tick
Soft Tick
24
Soft Ticks
25
Soft Ticks
Capitulum
26
Soft tick life cycle
27
Otobius species Spinose Ear Ticks Nymphs.
28
Mites
29
Chiggers Family Trombiculidae
30
Chiggers Family TrombiculidaeMost bites are in
areas of tightly-fitting clothing
31
Chiggers Family Trombiculidae
  • Larva chiggers do not penetrate into the skin.
  • After their mouthparts penetrate the epidermis,
    these mites inject salivary secretions that are
    protolytic.
  • Host cells harden under the influence of other
    salivary secretions to become a tube the
    stylostome, and the chiggers use it as a straw.

32
Chiggers Family Trombiculidae
33
Chiggers (Acarina Trombiculidae Hannemania sp.)
34








Chiggers (Acarina Trombiculidae Hannemania sp.)


35
Chiggers (Acarina Trombiculidae)
36
Fence Lizard Sceloporus undulatus
37
(No Transcript)
38
Trombiculid mites Chiggers
39
(No Transcript)
40
Subphylum Crustacea
41
Subphylum Crustacea
  • most are marine, some terrestrial and freshwater
  • head has 2 pairs of antennae
  • appendages are primitively biramous
  • (have 2 major branches)
  • body divided into 2 tagmata

cephalothorax consists of the head and the
thorax
abdomen
42
Subphylum Crustacea
  • have mandibles, 2 pairs of maxillae, and 1 pair
    of legs per segment
  • cephalothorax
  • 2 pairs of antennae
  • mandibles
  • 1st and 2nd maxillae
  • 3 pairs of maxillipeds
  • variable pairs of walking legs
  • abdomen
  • usually has 6 segments
  • variable of pairs of swimmerets
  • last segment has a pair of uropods
  • and a telson

43
Subphylum CrustaceaParasitism
Parasitic isopods
Fish louse
Parasitic Amphipods
44
Lernaea sp. Anchor Worm
45
Lernaea sp. Anchor Worm
46
Whale Lice Paracyamus sp.
47
Phylum Pentastomida (Greek pente, five, stoma,
mouth) or tongue worms
48
Pentastomid Characteristics
  • Obligatory parasites of amphibians, reptiles,
    birds and mammals.

49
Pentastomid Characteristics
  • Obligatory parasites of amphibians, reptiles,
    birds and mammals.
  • Adults inhabit respiratory tracts (lungs, nasal
    passages) of their hosts.

50
Pentastomid Characteristics
  • Obligatory parasites of amphibians, reptiles,
    birds and mammals.
  • Adults inhabit respiratory tracts (lungs, nasal
    passages) of their hosts.
  • Adult appendages reduced to 2 pairs of head
    appendages, lobe like and with chitinous claws
    used to cling to the host.

51
(No Transcript)
52
Relationship of Pentastomes to other Phyla
  • Pentastomes are actually really specialized
    crustaceans!
  • They are most closely related to fish lice which
    are ectoparasites on fish.

Fish louse, a crustacean
53
3 year old Besenji dog was presented to a
veterinarian for castration
54
Upon the removal of the scrotum and testes the
veterinarian found worms moving around freely in
the scrotum cavity.
55
(No Transcript)
56
(No Transcript)
57
Armillifer sp.
58
Definitive hosts of Armillifer sp.
59
Radiograph of a normal dog
60
Radiograph of the dog infected with Armillifer
sp. nymphs
61
Three years later the dog finally died of liver
failure.
62
Necropsy Findings!
Armillifer sp. nymphs
Dog Liver
63
SP. Uniramia
  • Tegmata head, thorax, abdomen, or head and
    trunk
  • Uniramous appendages
  • Abdominal appendages lacking
  • Respirate by tracheal system
  • Mostly terrestrial
  • One pair of antenna

64
SP. Uniramia
  • C Chilopoda
  • C Diplopoda
  • C Insecta

65
C Insecta
  • Head, thorax, abdomen
  • 3 pairs of legs, 2 pairs of wings
  • Highly variable in forms
  • Wings
  • Legs
  • Antennae
  • Mouthparts
  • gut

66
Bauplane.g. grasshopper
  • Body segments are composed of four plates
    (sclerites)
  • Dorsal tergum
  • Ventral sternum
  • Sides (lateral) pleura

67
Bauplane.g. grasshopper
  • Head
  • 1 pair of antennae
  • Pair of Mandibles
  • 2 pairs of maxillae
  • Thorax
  • 3 pairs of legs
  • 2 pairs of wings
  • Abdomen

68
Metamorphosis
  • The process of changing from one form to another
  • Requires a number of molts
  • Two types
  • Holometabolous (complete) Larvae are generally
    of quite different structer and habit from adults
  • Hemimetabolous (incomplete) gradual change from
    molt to molt

69
Development in Insects
70
Division Exopterygota
Hemimetabolous (incomplete metamorphosis)
ORDERS Order Hemiptera Order
Mallophaga Order Anoplura
71
Division Exopterygota
Order Hemiptera
True bugs assassin bugs, bedbugs
72
Bat Bugs Cimex sp. (Cimicidae)
73
Swallow Bugs Oeciacus vicarius (Cimicidae)
74
Assassin Bugs or Kissing Bugs (Reduvidae)
  • Large up to 34 mm.
  • Some species found on the ground, some in trees
    and some in human dwellings.
  • Eggs, are laid and have 5 nymphal instars.

75
Trypanosoma cruzi
76
  1. Epimastigotes transmitted through bug feces.
  2. Trypomastigotes found in the peripheral blood.
  3. Amastigotes reproduce in muscle cells.

77
Epidemiology
78
Dogs and Cats can serve as hosts!
79
Dogs and Cats can serve as hosts!
Chickens serve as good blood source for bugs!
80
(No Transcript)
81
(No Transcript)
82
Xenodiagnosis
83
(No Transcript)
84
Division Exopterygota
Order Mallophaga and Anoplura
Chewing Lice and Sucking Lice
85
Hatched Lice Eggs on Hair!
86
(No Transcript)
87
Columbicola clumbae
88
(No Transcript)
89
Hippoboscidae Louse Flies Pseudolynchia
canariensis
90
Hippoboscidae Louse Flies Pseudolynchia
canariensis transports Columbicola clumbae
91
Phthirus pubis, The Crab Louse
92
(No Transcript)
93
Haematomyzus elephantis
94
Division Endopterygota
Holometabolous(complete metamorphosis)
  • wings develop on the inside

95
Division Endopterygota
Holometabolous (complete metamorphosis) ORDERS
Order Coleoptera Order Siphonaptera Order
Diptera
96
Division Endoterygota
Order Coleoptera
beetles
  • top pair of wings is modified into an armor-like
    covering called an elytra

97
Darkling Beetles, Family Tenebrionidae
98
Family Silphidae The Carrion Beetles Nicrophorus
sp.
99
Family Leiodidae Platypsyllus castoris
100
(No Transcript)
101
Division Endoterygota
Order Siphonaptera
Fleas
102
(No Transcript)
103
Posterior End of Male and Female Ctenocephalides
felis
104
Cat Flea Life Cycle
105
Human Disease and Fleas
106
Human Disease and Fleas
Xenopsylla cheopis
Rattus ratus
107
Human Disease and Fleas
Yersinia pestis and Bubonic Plague
108
Human Disease and Fleas
14th Century Europe, 25 million people died!
109
Division Endoterygota
Order Diptera
Flies
  • have only 1 pair of flying wings
  • 2nd pair of wings are reduced to halteres used
    in balance

110
(No Transcript)
111
SO Nematocera
  • F Culicidae Mosquitoes

112
(No Transcript)
113
(No Transcript)
114
(No Transcript)
115
(No Transcript)
116
(No Transcript)
117
Black Flies Family Simulidae
118
SO Brachycera F Tabanidae
119
My Fishing Boat
120
(No Transcript)
121
These two kittens were found in the storage box
in the boat, my mom is holding them.
122
This particular cutie was interesting from a
parasitological perspective.
123
The back of his head had an interesting lesion.
124
This is a close up. Can you guess what it is?
125
Another close up!! I thought I knew what it was
so I pulled it out!!
126
This is what popped out. A Cuterebra sp. The
rodent, or rabbit bot from a 3 week old kitten!
127
This is the ventral side of Cuterebra sp. note
the mouth hooks.
128
This is the patient after surgery in the kitchen.

129
The mom cat took him back, unfortunately a owl
ate him some time later.
130
Family Oestridae
  • Nasal, Stomach and Skin Bots
  • Four Subfamilies (Cuterebrinae Oestrinae
    Hypodermatinae Gasterophilinae

131
Third Stage Bot of Cuterebra sp.
132
Dermatobia hominis
133
(No Transcript)
134
(No Transcript)
135
(No Transcript)
136
Third Stage Bot and Pupa of Dermatobia hominis
137
Oestrus ovis
138
Third Stage Bot of Oestrus ovis
139
Third Stage Deer Bot of Cephanemyia sp.
140
Gasterophilus spp. The horse stomach bots.
141
(No Transcript)
142
(No Transcript)
143
Third Stage Bot of Gasterophilus sp.
144
Hypoderma bovis and Hypoderma lineatum The Heel
Flies Gadding in Cattle
145
Third Stage Bot of Hypoderma sp.
146
Sarcophagidae Flesh flies
147
Characteristics of Third Stage Maggots of
Calliphoridae
148
  • Myiasis in amphibians is caused by larvae of
    dipterans of the families Sarcophagidae,
    Chloropidae, and Calliphoridae, some of which can
    cause substantial mortality in their amphibian
    hosts.

149
Bufolucilia bufonivora
Photo by Reichenbach-Klinke and Elkan, 1965.
150
Bufolucilia bufonivora
  • When female flies are placed among frogs, toads,
    and salamanders, they oviposit almost exclusively
    on toads.

151
Bufolucilia bufonivora
  • When female flies are placed among frogs, toads,
    and salamanders, they oviposit almost exclusively
    on toads.
  • Female flies deposit eggs on the surface of the
    amphibians skin, usually on the back and eggs
    hatch within 24 hr.

152
Bufolucilia bufonivora
  • When female flies are placed among frogs, toads,
    and salamanders, they oviposit almost exclusively
    on toads.
  • Female flies deposit eggs on the surface of the
    amphibians skin, usually on the back and eggs
    hatch within 24 hr.
  • First stage larvae migrate along the toads back
    until they reach the eyes, enter the lacrimal
    ducts and migrate to the nasal cavity.

153
Bufolucilia bufonivora
Drawings by Zumpt, 1965.
154
Bufolucilia species in North America
  • Two species of calliphorids in the genus
    Bufolucilia have been reported to cause myiasis
    in North American amphibians B. silvarum a
    Palearctic and Nearctic species and B. elongata a
    Nearctic species.

155
(No Transcript)
156
(No Transcript)
157
Weekly prevalence and mean intensity of
Bufolucilia silvarum in juvenile eastern American
toads from southeastern Wisconsin.
Date Collected Number infected/Number examined Prevalence Mean intensity1 SD (Range)
May 31 2/36 5.5 21.4 (1-3)
Jun 7 0/17 0 ---
June 14 3/28 10.7 11.36 (5-17)
June 20 0/30 0 ---
July 1 4/20 20 14.36 (9-24)
July 6-12 0/9 0 ---
Total 9/140 6.4 10.57.2 (1-24)
158
(No Transcript)
159
Posterior spiracles of third instars.
160
The cephalopharingela skeleton of third instars.
161
(No Transcript)
162
American toad with recently deposited calliphorid
eggs.
163
American toad with recently deposited calliphorid
eggs.
164
1st stage instar of Bufolucilia silvarum.
165
(No Transcript)
166
All toads possessed a single lesion.
167
Within 2 days of infection an open wound appeared
on the animals with the posterior spiracles of
maggots being visible.
168
(No Transcript)
169
(No Transcript)
170
All toads possessed a single lesion and here
maggots congregated and fed as a group.
171
(No Transcript)
172
3rd instars continued to feed on the carcass but
did not consume it before migrating out and
actively seeking a suitable area to pupate.
173
After leaving the carcass 3rd stage instars
actively searched for a secluded area to pupate.
174
3rd instars migrating into moist sand.
175
3rd instars migrated into moist sand.
176
3rd instars turn into pupae within 2-3 days of
emergence out of the toad remains.
177
(No Transcript)
178
Flies began emerging within 7-9 days.
179
Fully formed fly.
180
Male B. silvarum Female B.
silvarum
181
Flies feeding.
182
(No Transcript)
183
(No Transcript)
184
Species of Bufolucilia reported to cause myiasis
in North American amphibians.
Fly Species Amphibian Host and Number Infected Locality and Date
B. elongata Western Toad (1) Colorado 1947 B. elongata American Toad (6) Wisconsin 1977 B. silvarum American Toad (1) Nova Scotia 1963 B. silvarum American Toad (1) Ontario 1963 B. silvarum American Toad (9) Wisconsin 2002 B. silvarum Bullfrog (48) California 1948 B. elongata Western Toad (1) Colorado 1947 B. elongata American Toad (6) Wisconsin 1977 B. silvarum American Toad (1) Nova Scotia 1963 B. silvarum American Toad (1) Ontario 1963 B. silvarum American Toad (9) Wisconsin 2002 B. silvarum Bullfrog (48) California 1948 B. elongata Western Toad (1) Colorado 1947 B. elongata American Toad (6) Wisconsin 1977 B. silvarum American Toad (1) Nova Scotia 1963 B. silvarum American Toad (1) Ontario 1963 B. silvarum American Toad (9) Wisconsin 2002 B. silvarum Bullfrog (48) California 1948 B. elongata Western Toad (1) Colorado 1947 B. elongata American Toad (6) Wisconsin 1977 B. silvarum American Toad (1) Nova Scotia 1963 B. silvarum American Toad (1) Ontario 1963 B. silvarum American Toad (9) Wisconsin 2002 B. silvarum Bullfrog (48) California 1948
185
Metamorphosed wood frog, August 23, 2003.
186
Metamorphosed wood frog with recently deposited
B. silvarum eggs.
187
(No Transcript)
188
(No Transcript)
189
(No Transcript)
190
(No Transcript)
191
(No Transcript)
192
(No Transcript)
193
3rd instars reduce the carcass of dead frogs
within a day of death.
194
The only thing that is left is bones!! Maggots
reduce the carcass to bones within 42-59 hr of
eggs hatching.
195
Hippoboscidae (Louse Flies) Keds of sheep, deer,
pigeons
196
Hippoboscidae (Louse Flies) Keds of sheep, deer,
pigeons
  • Life cycle - Females give birth to a larva that
    is fully developed and immediately pupates,
    attached to wool (larvaposite).
  • Transmission is by direct contact with peak
    population in cool weather. Similar to lice.
    Some species have wings and can fly to host.

197
Hippoboscidae (Louse Flies) Keds of sheep,
deer, pigeons
  • Pathology - bites are very irritating and cause
    scratching.
  • feces of insect stains wool.
  • heavily infested animals show emaciation, anemia
    and unthriftiness, especially lambs.
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com