THERIAN ORIGINS

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THERIAN ORIGINS MARSUPIALS
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Class Mammalia Subclass Prototheria
Order Triconodonta Morganucodontidae Amphile
stidae Triconodontidae Order Docodonta
Order Monotremata Subclass
Allotheria Order
Haramiyoidea Order Multituberculata
Subclass Theria Infraclass
Trituberculata Order
Symmetrodonta Kuehnoetheriidae Order
Eupantotheria Dryolestidae Infraclass
Metatheria Infraclass Eutheria
(After Carroll 1988)
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Class Mammalia Subclass Prototheria
Order Triconodonta Morganucodontidae Amphile
stidae Triconodontidae Order Docodonta
Order Monotremata Subclass
Allotheria Order
Haramiyoidea Order Multituberculata
Subclass Theria Infraclass
Trituberculata Order
Symmetrodonta Kuehnoetheriidae Order
Eupantotheria Dryolestidae Infraclass
Metatheria Infraclass Eutheria
(After Carroll 1988)
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EARLY MAMMAL GROUPS
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ORDER SYMMETRODONTA basal therians
Kuehneotherium late Triassic early Jurassic
Europe
Hadrocodium earlyJurassic, China
Vincelestes early Cretaceus, Argentina
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SYMMETRODONTS Loss of post-dentary bones in lower
jaw
Hadrocodon (Docodont, Prototherian)
Hadrocodium (Symmetrodont, basal Therian)
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SYMMETRODONT Molar structure
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EARLY MAMMAL GROUPS
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OLDEST MARSUPIAL? Sinodelphys --
early Cretaceous (China)
4 1 4 4 4 1 4 3
50
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OLDEST EUTHERIAN ? Eomaia -- early
Cretaceous (China)
5 1 5 3 4 1 5 3
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54
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EARLY EUTHERIAN Ukhaatherium late
Cretaceus, Mongolia
5 1 4 3
_________
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4 1 4 3
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Skulls of early therians
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Skulls of early therians
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3-5 1 4-5 3 3-4 1 4-5 3
5 1 3 4 4 1 3 4
__________
________
44-54
50
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Marsupial Placental differences Cranial
dental morphology
Didelphis
Canis
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Classification of Recent Mammals to ordinal
level Class MAMMALIA Subclass - PROTOTHERIA
Order - Monotremata - echidnas and
platypus 5 species Subclass - THERIA
Infraclass Metatheria (Marsupials) Order
Didelphimorphia - opossums 87 species Order
Paucituberculata - rat oppossums 6 species
Order Microbiotheria - Monito del Monte, Ilaca
1 species Order Dasyuromorphia - extinct
Tasmanian wolf, numbat, dasyures etc. 71 spp.
Order Peramelemorphia - bandicoots 21 species
Order Notoryctemorphia - marsupial "mole" 2
species Order Diprotodontia - koala, wombats,
kangaroos possums 143 species
Infraclass Eutheria (Placentalia) Order
Pholidota - pangolins 7 species Order
Afrosoricida tenrecs golden moles 51
species Order Macroscelidea - elephant shrews 15
species Order Tubulidentata - Aardvark 1
species Order Hyracoidea - hyraxes 4 species
Order Proboscidea - elephants 3 species Order
Sirenia - dugongs and manatees 5 species Order
Cingulata - Armadillos 21 species Order Pilosa -
Sloths, anteaters 10 species Order Scandentia -
tree shrews 20 species Order Dermoptera -
Colugos 2 species Order Primates - lemurs,
monkeys and apes 376 species Order Rodentia -
rodents 2277 species Order Lagomorpha - hares,
rabbits and pikas 92 species Order
Erinaceomorpha hedgehogs, gymnures 24
species Order Soricomorpha shrews, moles 428
species Order Chiroptera - Bats 1116 species
Order Pholidota - pangolins 7 species Order
Carnivora - cats, dogs, bears, seals, raccoons
etc. 286 species Order Perissodactyla - horses,
tapirs rhinos 17 species Order Cetacea -
whales and dolphins 78 species Order
Artiodactyla - pigs, hippos, camels, bovids,
antelopes, deer 240 species Order Cetacea -
whales and dolphins 84 species   Totals (2005)
5416 species of Recent mammals 331
species of Recent marsupials Wilson, D. L. D.
M. Reeder (eds) 2005. Mammal Species of the
World, 3rd ed. Johns Hopkins Press
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Classification of Recent Mammals to ordinal
level Class MAMMALIA Subclass - PROTOTHERIA
Order - Monotremata - echidnas and
platypus 5 species Subclass - THERIA
Infraclass Metatheria (Marsupials) Order
Didelphimorphia - opossums 87 species Order
Paucituberculata - rat oppossums 6 species
Order Microbiotheria - Monito del Monte, Ilaca
1 species Order Dasyuromorphia - extinct
Tasmanian wolf, numbat, dasyures etc. 71 spp.
Order Peramelemorphia - bandicoots 21 species
Order Notoryctemorphia - marsupial "mole" 2
species Order Diprotodontia - koala, wombats,
kangaroos possums 143 species
Infraclass Eutheria (Placentalia) Order
Pholidota - pangolins 7 species Order
Afrosoricida tenrecs golden moles 51
species Order Macroscelidea - elephant shrews 15
species Order Tubulidentata - Aardvark 1
species Order Hyracoidea - hyraxes 4 species
Order Proboscidea - elephants 3 species Order
Sirenia - dugongs and manatees 5 species Order
Cingulata - Armadillos 21 species Order Pilosa -
Sloths, anteaters 10 species Order Scandentia -
tree shrews 20 species Order Dermoptera -
Colugos 2 species Order Primates - lemurs,
monkeys and apes 376 species Order Rodentia -
rodents 2277 species Order Lagomorpha - hares,
rabbits and pikas 92 species Order
Erinaceomorpha hedgehogs, gymnures 24
species Order Soricomorpha shrews, moles 428
species Order Chiroptera - Bats 1116 species
Order Pholidota - pangolins 7 species Order
Carnivora - cats, dogs, bears, seals, raccoons
etc. 286 species Order Perissodactyla - horses,
tapirs rhinos 17 species Order Cetacea -
whales and dolphins 78 species Order
Artiodactyla - pigs, hippos, camels, bovids,
antelopes, deer 240 species Order Cetacea -
whales and dolphins 84 species   Totals (2005)
5416 species of Recent mammals 331
species of Recent marsupials Wilson, D. L. D.
M. Reeder (eds) 2005. Mammal Species of the
World, 3rd ed. Johns Hopkins Press
6
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CLADOGRAM OF RECENT MARSUPIALS
(mostly carnivores)
(mostly herbivores)
(outgroups)
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Didelphis (opossum)
Polyprotodont dentition
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Vombatus (wombat)
Diprotodont dentition
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CLADOGRAM OF RECENT MARSUPIALS
Ameridelphia
Australodelphia
(outgroups)
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MARSUPIAL CLASSIFICATION
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MARSUPIAL BIOGEOGRAPHY
Asian origin (early Cretaceous)
To N. America early diversification (Cretaceous)
Reinvasion of N. America (Quaternary)
Extinction on northern continents
(mid Tertiary)
To S. America (Cretaceous)
Ameridelphian diversification (late Cretaceous)
To Antarctica Australia (early Tertiary)
Australodelphian Isolation and diversification
(Tertiary)
Isolation of southern continents (late
Cretaceous)
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MARSUPIAL CLASSIFICATION
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5 1 3 4 4 1 3 4
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ORDER DIDELPHIMORPHIA Family Didephildae
5 1 3 4 4 1 3 4
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Alphadon (Late Cretaceous, N. America)
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Didelphis (opossum)
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4 1 3 4 3-4 1 3 4
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MARSUPIAL CLASSIFICATION
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5 1 3 4 4 1 3 4

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46
4 1 3 4 3 1 3 4
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_maculatus/Dasyurus_maculatus_08.html?movietypewm
Med
http//www.arkive.org/species/GES/mammals/Parantec
hinus_apicalis/Parantechinus_apicalis_16.html?movi
etypewmMed
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4 1 3 4-5 3 1 3 5-6
http//www.arkive.org/species/GES/mammals/Myrmecob
ius_fasciatus/Myrmecobius_fasciatus_12b.html?movie
typewmMed
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4 1 2 4 3 1 3 4
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ORDER DASYUROMORPHIA Family Thylacinidae -- 1
genus, 1 species Australia (Pleistocene),
Tasmania (Recent) Thylacine, Tasmanian wolf,
tiger
Thylacinus cynocephalus
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ORDER DASYUROMORPHIA Family Thylacinidae Thylac
ine, Tasmanian wolf, tiger
http//www.arkive.org/species/GES/mammals/Thylacin
us_cynocephalus/Thylacinus_cynocephalu_99.html?mov
ietypewmMed