The Future of Information Services and their management

1
The Future of Information Services and their
management

• Presentation at the KhTURE
• 12.9.2000
• Kalle Lyytinen
• University of Jyväskylä

2
Future of Information Services

• Fast change in all computing technologies
• Networks and distributed computing architectures
  ubiquitous (internet)
• Migration of applications, telecommunications and
  media
• Creates new information services and service
  channels

3
The New Digital Environment
Technology
Market
4
And Digital Convergence
The conversion, processing, movement of all media
in binary
Documents
Film
10011100101
10011100101
10011100101
Video
10011100101
10011100101
Voice
10011100101
10011100101
10011100101
Pictures
Books
Commercial transactions
5
Digital Media

Equipment expansion
New Communication Services / Jorma Havia
27.08.1999
6
The Change in Telecommunication Landscape

• From fixed to wireless
• From narrow band to broadband
• From circuit switched to packet switched

7
From Fixed to Wireless
8
Forecast for Mobile Communications in Finland by
Finnish Post Telecom in 1983
Note Actual number of connections in 1998 was
20 times as many as forecast
Subscribers
150.000
Total
100.000
NMT
50.000
GSM
ARP
0
1971 -75 -80 -85
-90 -95 2000
9
Case Finnish experiences - Highest Mobile
Communications Penetration in the World
February 1999
of population
10
Related to segment S1
Mobile connections as substitute for wireline
- Annual net increase of mobile vs. wireline
Annual net increase of connections 000s
250
Mobile
200
150
Mobile penetration 6.0
Wireline
100
50
0
x
1980 1985
-90 -91 -92 -93
-94 -95
11
Mobile calls as a substitute for wireline calls
Calls by origination
Calls are Percentage of calls by
termination Growth rate terminating to
Year 1994 Year 1998 Next
2 years
- mobile conns 30 50
Strong - wireline conns 70
50 Slight
Mobile originating calls
- Internet 15
27 Strong - mobile conns
7 20 Slight -
wireline conns 78 53
Zero /

declining
Wireline originating calls
12
Mobile penetration rate 1989 -2002 - Realised and
forecast development
120
Number of subscriptions
100
80
Number of users
58
60
40
Mobile connections equal wireline conns at mobile
penetration rate of 58
20
0
2002 (est.)
1989
Nov 1998
13
The new wireless technology enablers

• WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)
• UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System)
  and Media Phones

14
What Is WAP ?

• The WAP (wireless application protocol) is a
  specification for a set of communication
  protocols to standardize the way that wireless
  devices, such as cellular telephones and
  radioTransceivers, can be used for internet
  access, including e-mail, the world wide web,
  Newsgroups, and internet relay chat (IRC).

15
What is WAP (2)

• WAP specifies means for offering mobile internet
  services
• Vendor independence (open standard)
• For mobile terminals
• Assumes slower and lower reliability in
  connections

16
What is WAP ? (3)

• Compatibility is ensured
• all digital mobile networks including
• GSM-900, GSM-1800, GSM-1900 ,CDMA IS-95 TDMA
  IS-136
• 3G systems - IMT-2000, UMTS, W-CDMA, Wideband
  IS-95GSM, DCS, DCMA, WCDMA
• WWW bases standards and protocols
• in future UMTS and other 3G will bring only more
  bandwitdth, but the service level will remain
  the same (WAP)

17
WAP
HTTP
Päätelaite
WAP-gateway
WWW-palvelin
18
Comparison between Internet and WAP Technologies
Internet
19
lt?xml version"1.0"?gt lt!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC
"-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN" "http//www.wapfor
um.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml"gt ltwmlgt ltcard id"get"
title"Germany"gt ltpgtCity (lVar)ltbr/gt Select
the time period ltselect name"tVar"gt ltoption
value"1day" onpick"get2"gt1 daylt/optiongt ltoptio
n value"3day" onpick"get2"gt3
dayslt/optiongt lt/selectgt lt/pgt lt/cardgt ltcard
id"get2" title"Germany"gt ltpgtltanchorgtGet the
forecastltgo href"fetch.asp?Tyyppiweather(tVar
e)amptext(lVare)"/gtlt/anchorgtlt/pgt ltpgtltanchorgt
Change the cityltgo href"city"/gtlt/anchorgtlt/pgt lt/
cardgt lt/wmlgt
20
WAP Application Server
WAP Application Server
Application Logic
WSP/WTP
WML Decks with WML-Script
21
WAP server

• platform on which software houses can develop WAP
  based services
• creates a new channel for any type of internet
  based access
• can be used for extranet, intranet and internet
  based services (connections to Lotus Notes, R3
  etc)
• generates service requests to a WWW-server or
  includes itself a MMM-server
• Nokia Beta release of the servers available at
• www.nokia.com/corporate/wap/gateway.html

22
Features of WAP service

• closer to browsing but services more limited due
  to narrow keyboard and display
• user does not have to remember keywords or
  passwords- can be merged into service portals
  (ZED)
• outlook weblike
• both push and pull on demand like in SMS
• can utilize forms, icons and pictures
• use of hyperslinks possible
• WAP services can utilize phone control features
  that can be found in GSM

23
Technology enablers mobile terminals
24
Mobile Media Time Line
NMT GSM HSCSD
GPRS
UMTS 1981 1992
1999 2000
200x
1st G 2nd G
3rd G
Generations of Mobile Telephones
(NOKIA)
WAP (Wireless Access Protocol)
Data 9.6 kbit/s 14.4
kbit/s 64 kbit/s
2Mbit/s
New Communication Services / Jorma Havia
27.08.1999
25
Types of mobile terminals

• Portable computers
• Communicators
• Personal Digital Assistantmobile phone (or a
  PCMCIA card able to transmit data)
• WAP phones
• like Nokia 7110
• Normal GSM phones with text messages

26
Characteristics of the Communicator

• (Nokia 9000, 9110i)
• free memory 2 (10) MB
• Internet protocol stack (TCP/IP) run over GSM
  data circuits (modem access to Internet service
  provider)
• a simple WWW browser
• HTTP, Telnet, SMTP, Terminal protocols
• business cards, clock, etc
• displays are fairly small (120 x 35 mm)

27
WAP-phones

• Wireless Application Protocol environment
• microbrowser interpreting Wireless Mark-Up
  Language (WML)
• applications can be written with WML
• WAP protocol stack support (not directly
  IP-support)
• small displays (almost like in a voice phone)
• memory ca 1 MB

28
Mobile Media (Vision)
Camera - Mobile phone Prototype MX-1
(Canon)
New Communication Services / Jorma Havia
27.08.1999
29
Example Mobile Virtual Meeting
30
What is enabled with WAP?

• Banking
• Timetables
• Customer information, phone (connection) books
• Customer databases, ordering,
• Logistics, production planning, scheduling
• maintenance, transportation services

31
Current media phone services
On Demand Information Services
Pay by Mobile
Train timetables
Car wash
Weather forecast
Drink vending machine
Person to Person SMS
GSM e-mail
Telebanking
32
Examples of WAP-services(available now in
Finland)

• General information services
• news
• traffic announcements
• local weather
• sports
• trading and stocks
• Entertainment
• jokes
• ticket services
• gambling

33
Why WAP is interesting?

• WAP combines internet and mobility
• power of the installed base
• global service
• mobile terminals owned by nearly everybody
• phones changed by every 18 months
• In 2000 c.a. 20 of sold phones are
  WAP-phones

34
Why WAP is interesting ?

• SMS has been a phenomenal success
• 12 months x 20 msg/subs/month x 0,2 USD/msg x
  200.000.000 subs in year 2000 9.6 B USD
• WAP is a way to develop and prepare for next
  generation (UMTS) services
• Will develop a totally new way of thinking

35
From narrow band to broad band
36
Transmission speeds for information services
PSTN
DVB cable
Stationary Pedestrian Mobile
ISDN
xDSL
LAN
2001
1990
DVB satellite
Bluetooth
2000
1998
UMTS
GPRS
2002
2000
DVB terrestrial
DAB
GSM
2000
1999
1 10 100
1.000 10.000 100.000
Bit rate (kbps)
37
Edge Routers
38
From circuit switched to packet switched
39
How the nature of telephony is changing
State 3.
State 4.
Delivery of content transactions
Next generation mobile service provision media
phone
Next generation wireline service provision IP
MM
Network connections are used for
Transition 2
Transition 3
Year 1995 -
Year 2000 -
State 1.
State 2.
Wireless telephony for voice
Traditional voice comms
Telephony
Transition 1
Year 1980-
Wireline
Wireless/Mobile Type of Network
connections
40
Technological infrastructure
Horizontal architecture
IP Network
Application server
Community Server
41
Towards New 3G service structures
42
New access methods to information services
Level of interactivity
E-commerce, public services
E-mail, video- services, voice- mail, chat
services
Network games
WWW information
Broad (keyboard)
Pay-per-view Netgames Gambling
Information brow- sing Broadcast data (super Text
TV)
Catalogue sales, Simple transactions payments
Narrow
media phone
Direct response advertising
TVn watching
Passive
digiTV
digiTV
Entertainment
Information services
E-commerce, pay- ments, public access
Communications
43
3G Internet Services
44
3G Internet Services
45
Main platforms 2000 -
DIGITAL TV - more channels payTV, 24 news, 24 h
sports, ... - supertext TV graphics,
hypertext - interactive citizens information
society services PC / INTERNET - from passive
html-pages to streaming multimedia - from Kbs
to Mbs - virtual reality MEDIAPHONE / NEW
MOBILE NETWORKS - personal device - service
adapted to use context (meeting, home,
on-the-road) - Serves multiple and changing
needs
46
Digital Television (DVB)
Television - Internet
Integration (Inet-tv, WEB-tv)
New Communication Services / Jorma Havia
27.08.1999
47
Startup of Digital TV
48
Digital TV Access
Million households with dTV
49
New service combinations and value to the user
50
VALUE
Total Mobility Economy of Scope
User Satisfaction
All devices Telephone PC TV Mobile
Digi-TV
Few Simple Isolated One Channel
Many - All Complex Combined All channels
Services
51
Third party actors (i) enterprises having
interest to online interact with their
customers (ii) enterprises whose goods and
services can be directly used via the
network (iii) user based services, civic
cybersociety
Horizontal layers such as Service Mgmt, Customer
Care Billing
52
Value chain for future digital services
53
Consumers
Market pull
Education
E-commerce
Public services Library
Tourism
Business models
Usability

• Service Architectures
• generic service concepts
• regulation
• reference models

• Technologies
• - wireless technologies
• internet technologies (IPv6, SGML)
• - data management (Object management)
• - software architectures (DCOM, CORBA)

Technology Push
54
Infrastructure investments
Technology Changes
Integrated information service platform
Technology
Business models Industry structures

• DRIVERS IN COM-
• MUNITY BASED
• INFORMATION
• SERVICE
• DIFFUSION

Service concepts, applications, service
portfolios,
Service
User support Quality of Service
Demographics Ergonomic factors User learning
and experience
Diffusion Factors and Rate
Adoption
Social Capital, Culture
Community
Dynamic Virtual Communities
55
Research Challenges

• Design, management and packaging of digital
  services based on new business models
• All information services need careful rethinking
  and will be transformed
• Adaptability to multiple access channels
• Understanding user needs in a new information
  rich environment

56
Challenges

• Management of content and metadata management
• Usability
• Evolution and expansion of services based on
  user learning
• Understanding the demand and what drives it is
  difficult
• Many services based on increasing returns and are
  community based