A domestic and sexual violence training for substance abuse preventionists and mental health providers

1

• A domestic and sexual violence training for
  substance abuse preventionists and mental health
  providers

2
Purpose Overview

• Increase safety for victims of domestic and
  sexual violence
• Identify Power Control as a root cause of
  domestic and sexual violence
• Be aware of the barriers victims face when
  seeking a way out, and how substance abuse makes
  it harder
• Understand the impact of violence on children
  whether as victims or witnesses
• Become a resource for adult victims to access
  services if they choose
• Review mandatory reporting, and how it applies to
  children, elderly and mentally disabled adults
• How to interview, ask questions, and respond

3
Definitions
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE A pattern of coercive behavior
used to establish power and control over another
person through the use of threats or actual use
of physical, sexual, verbal, or psychological
violence. including intimate partners,
ex-partners, family members, elders, and children
4
Definitions
SEXUAL VIOLENCE Sexual violence is a violent act
involving genitalia that is against another
persons will, by force, or without the consent
of one of the people involved. Sexual violence is
legally defined as oral, anal, or genital contact
by the genitals of another person. A hand, an
object, or the mouth are considered substitutes
for genitalia.
5
Definitions
DATING VIOLENCE Dating violence is not only
physical. Any time one person uses power to
control another, there is potential for violence.
Dating violence can take all of the following
forms
6
Definitions
STALKING Stalking can be a part of
domestic/sexual/dating violence and involves one
persons obsessive behavior toward another
person. Stalkers are Obsessed Cant let
go Many deaths are associated with stalking
behavior.
7
The Dynamics of Interpersonal Violence
8
Myths Stereotypes
Stress, alcohol and drug abuse cause domestic
violence.
9
Myths Stereotypes
People abuse because they have anger management
problems or are provoked by the victim.
10
Myths Stereotypes
The primary motive for rape is sexual
11
Degrees Types of Interpersonal Violence

• Battering
• Ongoing pattern of power control tactics
• Characterized by belief in natural superiority
  hierarchy, lack of consequences social
  conditioning
• Women are the vast majority of victims
• Generalized fear
• Resistive Reactive Violence
• Based in victim resistance retaliation
• Goals are to escape and/or stop violence
  establish a semblance of parity in relationship
• Situational Violence
• An expression of anger or disapproval - not based
  in a pattern of power control
• Victim Perpetrator may often shift
• No generalized fear

12
Degrees Types of Interpersonal Violence cont.

• Pathological Violence
• Root of violence are physical conditions related
  to mental illness, altered mental states, or
  substance abuse
• When cause is removed, behavior ceases. In
  Battering, substance abuse may escalate violence,
  but violence persists even when sober.
• Not typically directed at a single individual or
  gender
• Over-used defense
• Anti-Social Violence
• Abusive in a number of social settings bars,
  work, home, sports field, etc.
• Little understanding of the consequences of
  behavior and no feeling of shame or remorse
• Batterers may also be anti-social, but are
  singularly resistant to change

13
Power and Control Wheel
14
How Severe Can It Be?

• Research by Kristin Carmichael, Shelter Manager
  at Esperanza Shelter
• 5 random women in shelter
• Asked how often abuse occurred in the previous
  year, using the Power Control Wheel
• Over 50,000 incidents of abuse identified by 5
  women

15
(No Transcript)
16
At Risk Populations

• Adult Women
• Children (both boys and girls)
• Infants
• Elderly
• Mental Illness
• Developmental /Physical Disability

17
Barriers to Safety
18
Myths Stereotypes
Victims of domestic violence stay in the
relationship because they enjoy the abuse, or are
weak or mentally unstable.
19
Sexual Violence
Using the Children
Attempts to Reconcile
Stalking
Intimidation
Economic Control
Emotional Abuse
Minimizing, Denying, Blaming
Threats Coersion
Physical Violence
Isolation
20
The Impact of Violence on Children Child
Witnesses
21
Diagnoses in Adolescents Exposed to Chronic Trauma

• Disruptive Behavior Disorder (ADHD, ODD, CD)
• Major Depressive Disorder
• Separation Anxiety Disorder
• Learning Disabilities
• PTSD

22
In English!

• High Emotions
• Easily set off
• Difficulty Calming Down
• Self-Destructive Behavior (risk-taking, sexual
  involvement, suicidal preoccupation)
• Amnesia, Dissociation, Depersonalization
• Feel ineffective damaged
• Guilt, responsibility, shame
• Learning difficulty
• Difficulty trusting others/difficulty lasting
  relationships
• Re-victimization
• Victimizing others
• Chronic pain
• Digestive problems
• Foreshortened future (education, work, love)
• Problem sustaining beliefs
• -David Pelcovitz, PhD

23
Adult Results of Childhood Trauma

• Alcoholism and alcohol abuse
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Depression
• Fetal death
• Health-related quality of life
• Illicit drug use
• Ischemic heart disease
• Liver disease
• Risk for intimate partner violence
• Multiple sexual partners
• Sexually transmitted diseases
• Suicide attempts
• Unintended pregnancies
• ACE Study

24
Child Traumatic Stress Screening Questions

• Child
• Have you been really scared or thought you or
  someone you love might die?
• Does a sudden noise really make you jump?
• Do you feel sick or very upset when reminded of
  what happened?
• Do you have people who care about you and pay
  attention to you?

25
Becoming a Resource and Providing Safety
26
If someone asks for help

• If they are an able adult
• Stay calm
• Believe what they tell you is true
• Find a private area, if possible
• Ask how you can help them
• Ask if they are safe
• Ask if you can call someone for them (if the
  person is a minor you must call someone)
• Offer a pamphlet from Esperanza or SFRCTTC and
  go over available resources

27
DO NOT
Do not call anyone unless the person asks you
to A good response is Other people have been
injured or killed from this. Im concerned for
your safety.
This rule does not apply to minors, people with
developmental disabilities or elders
28
Top Lethality Indicators

• Has your partner or aggressor ever used a
  weapon against you or threatened you with a
  weapon
• Has he or she ever threatened to kill you or your
  children?
• Do you think he/she might try to kill you?

29
Additional Risk Indicators

• Possession/access to weapons
• Incident of choking/strangulation
• Violently or constantly jealous/controlling
• Recently separated
• Aggressor unemployed
• Aggressor attempted suicide
• Spying/following (stalking)
• Threatening messages
• Use of alcohol or other drugs

30
How do you ask questions?

• The more specific questions the better. Often,
  people who experience violence will answer in the
  negative if asked are you or have you ever been
  a victim of domestic violence?
• Open-ended questions to children, teens, or
  adults fosters denial

31
How do you ask questions?

• Have you ever been hit, kicked, punched,
  threatened or otherwise hurt by someone within
  the past year and if so, by whom?
• In the past year, have you been afraid of a
  partner?
• In the past year, have you thought of getting a
  court order for protection?
• Is there a partner from a previous relationship
  making you feel unsafe now?
• (Recommended by MedScape)

32
REMEMBER

• Offering resources and providing a temporary safe
  place is of primary importance
• Do not make promises to the victim that you might
  not be able to keep or that are out of your
  control.
• Do not project emotions onto the person
• Do not pressure the person to talk.
• Do not pry! The person needs to have control.

33
Making Referrals

• Things to consider
• Does this person WANT the name of a resource?
• Is this persons safety at risk?
• Is this person a minor or disabled or impaired
  adult?
• To whom do you refer?

34
Mandatory Reporting

• New Mexico mandates "any person" who has
  reasonable suspicion of child abuse must report
  it.
• You are also mandated to report abuse against
  people with disabilities and elders to adult
  protective services and law enforcement.

35
Mandatory Reporting for Adults

• If a person 18 or over is experiencing domestic
  violence, sexual violence or stalking it is up to
  that person to file a police report or not.
  Self-determination is essential, especially in
  times of crisis.
• Exception if there is imminent threat of
  homicide or suicide including a plan of action,
  report the crime and inform the person that you
  must do so for everyones safety.

36
To Whom do you Refer?
Sexual ViolenceSanta Fe Rape Crisis Trauma
Treatment Center 24-hour Hotline[phone] or
800-721-7273 Domestic ViolenceEsperanza Shelter
for Battered Families473-5200 or
800-473-5220 Law Enforcement Santa Fe Police
Department428-3710 Santa Fe County Sheriff
428-3720 New Mexico State Police
827-9300 Immediate Danger or Emergency 911
37
To Whom do you Refer?
Child Abuse Reporting Children, Youth and
Families Central Intake 800-797-3260 Bureau of
Indian Affairs National Child Abuse
Hotline [phone] Homeless Youth Youth
Shelters 877-983-0586 Elder Abuse and Abuse of
Adults with Disabilities Adult Protective
Services 866-654-3219
38
Additional Volunteer Training Opportunities

• If you want to know more about these topics,
  there are many ways you can be more involved and
  more educated about stopping violence in our
  community.
• CALL
• Santa Fe Rape Crisis Trauma Treatment Center
  988-1951
• Esperanza Shelter for Battered Families, Inc.
• 474-5536