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Coordination Compounds

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Almost all metal ions found as ... Lewis Base: electron-pair donor (has lone pair) ... Order alphabetically (by ligand, not prefix) Exceptions: Nomenclature ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Coordination Compounds


1
Coordination Compounds
Almost all metal ions found as complexes
Complex Ion
Ligand
Metal Ion (Co3)
Counter Ion, for charge balance
2
Ligands
  • Ligand a lewis base that binds to a metal ion
  • Remember
  • Lewis Acid electron-pair acceptor
  • Lewis Base electron-pair donor (has lone pair)
  • Ligand binding results in a coordinate covalent
    bond

3
Some Common Ligands
  • Monodentate (one bond to metal ion)

19
4
Some Common Ligands
  • Bidentate Ligands (two bonds to metal ion)
  • Any ligand with more than one bond called a
    chelating ligand

5
Some Common Ligands
  • Polydentate Ligands
  • Tridentate (3 bonds)
  • Tetradentate (4 bonds)
  • EDTA (ethylene diamine tetra acetate)

6
Pay attention to
  • what part is the complex ion, what is the counter
    ion ?
  • charge of the complex ion ?
  • oxidation state of transition metal ?
  • are ligands charged or neutral ?

Complex Ion
Transition Metal Coordination Compound
7
Determining Charge of Compound
  • Necessary for Naming
  • Ligands
  • Some negatively charged
  • Some neutral
  • Metal Ion
  • Always positively charged!
  • Counter Ions
  • Positive or Negative to balance complex ion

8
Complex Ion
If Mn is 2
  • Complex Ion Charge
  • Mn(H2O)6
  • Mn(H2O)5Cl
  • Mn(H2O)4Cl2
  • MnCl6
  • 2
  • 1
  • 0
  • 4
  • Ligands
  • H2O
  • NH3
  • Cl
  • OH

9
Transiton Metal Coordination Compound
  • If Mn is 2
  • Compound
  • Mn(H2O)6
  • Mn(H2O)5Cl
  • Mn(H2O)4Cl2
  • MnCl6

Cl2 Cl
K4
10
Charges on Vanadium?
  • V (NH3)6 Cl3
  • V (H2O)4 (OH)2 Cl3
  • K3 V Cl6
  • K V Cl3 (NH3)3

3 5 3 2
  • Ligands
  • H2O
  • NH3
  • Cl
  • OH

11
Naming t.m. coordination compound
Co(NH3)5ClCl2 penta amine chloro cobalt(III)
chloride K3Fe(CN)6 potassium hexacyanoferrate
(III)
  • cation is named before anion
  • ligands are named before metal ion
  • in naming ligands, an o is added to the root name
    of an anion (e.g. fluoro, bromo). For a neutral
    ligand, the name of the molecule is used, with
    exception of H2O, NH3, CO and NO.
  • mono, di, tri, tetra, penta and hexa are used to
    denote the no. of simple ligands.
  • bis, tris, tetrakis are used for more complicated
    ligands.
  • oxidation state of central metal ion by a roman
    number.
  • for gt1 type of ligand, ligands named in
    alphabetical order
  • if the complex ion has negative charge, -ate
    (suffiz) is added to the name of the metal.

12
Nomenclature
  • Complex Ions ( prefix ligand )repeat
    metal (charge)

Multiple Ligands Order alphabetically (by
ligand, not prefix)
Exceptions
Examples Mn Br6 1 V (H2O)4 (OH)2 3
13
Nomenclature
  • Complex Ions ( prefix ligand )repeat
    metal (charge)

Example Fe (NH3)6 3
Examples Pt Cl4 2 Fe Cl6 3
14
Complete Names
  • cation anion
  • simple anions add ide (e.g. chloride)
  • or use name of polyatomic ion
  • Examples
  • Fe (NH3)6 Cl3
  • Mn Br6 NO3
  • Ca Pt Cl4

15
Bidentate Ligands
  • Name as you would monodentate ligands
  • Except, different prefixes
  • (none)
  • bis
  • tris
  • tetrakis
  • Examples
  • Co(en)(H2O)4Cl2
  • Co(en)2(H2O)2Cl2
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