Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part One: Tourism Overview

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Part Four Tourism Supply, Demand Policy,
Planning, and Development
Learning Objectives

• Relate tourism planning to tourism policy.
• Discover what the goals of tourism development
  should be.
• Recognize that some serious barriers to tourism
  development must be overcome if a desired growth
  is to occur.
• Learn the political and economic aspects of
  development including those related to developing
  countries.
• Appreciate the importance of architectural design
  and concern for heritage preservation, local
  handicrafts, and use of indigenous materials in
  creating tourist facilities.

Chapter 16 Tourism Planning, Development, and
Social Consideration
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Relating Tourism Planningto Tourism Policy
Part Four Tourism Supply, Demand Policy,
Planning, and Development

• SIMILARITIES
• 1. They both deal with the future development of
  a tourism destination or region
• 2. They both emphasize the strategic dimensions
  of managerial action although planning must
  also address a number of tactical concerns.
• DIFFERENCES
• 1. Policy formulation is definitely very big
  picture while much of planning is characterized
  by an attention to detail
• 2. Policy formulation is a creative, intellectual
  process, while planning is generally a more
  constrained exercise
• 3. Policy, and particularly its visioning
  component, has a very long-term strategic
  emphasis, while planning tends to be more
  restrictive in its time horizon. A one-year
  planning cycle is not uncommon, although 3-5 year
  plans are a possibility. In contrast, destination
  visions may have a 5, 10, 50, or even a 100 year
  time horizon
• 4. Policy formulation must allow for as yet
  unseen circumstances and technologies to be
  considered. In contrast, planning tends to assume
  current conditions and technologies, with some
  allowances for predictable, or evolutionary
  change
• 5. Policy formulation tends to emphasize a
  systematic determination of WHAT should be done
  in long-term tourism development, while planning
  tends to emphasize the HOW for the achievement
  of specific destination goals.

Chapter 16 Tourism Planning, Development, and
Social Consideration
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Part Four Tourism Supply, Demand Policy,
Planning, and Development
Some Advantages of Tourism

• Provide employment opportunities
• Generates foreign exchange
• Increases incomes
• Increases GNP
• Development of tourism infrastructure helps to
  stimulate local commerce and industry
• Justifies environmental protection and improvement

• Increase governmental revenues
• Diversifies the economy
• Creates a favorable worldwide image for the
  destination
• Facilitates the process of modernization
• Provides tourist and recreation al facilities for
  the local population
• Provides foreigners and opportunity to be
  favorable impressed by little-known nation or
  regions

Chapter 16 Tourism Planning, Development, and
Social Consideration
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Some Disadvantages of Tourism
Part Four Tourism Supply, Demand Policy,
Planning, and Development

• 1. Develops excess demand
• 2. Creates leakages so great that economic
  benefits do not accrue
• 3. Diverts funds from more promising forms of
  economic development
• 4. Creates social problems from income
  differences, social differences, introduction of
  prostitution, gambling, crime, and so on
• 5. Degrades the natural physical environment
• 6. Degrades the cultural environment
• 7. Poses the difficulties of seasonality
• 8. Increases vulnerability to economic and
  political changes
• 9. Adds to inflation of land values and the price
  of local goods and services

Chapter 16 Tourism Planning, Development, and
Social Consideration
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Part Four Tourism Supply, Demand Policy,
Planning, and Development
The Planning Process
1. Define the system 2. Formulate objectives 3.
Gather data 4. Analyze and interpret 5. Create
the preliminary plan 6. Approve the plan 7.
Create the final plan 8. Implement the plan
Chapter 16 Tourism Planning, Development, and
Social Consideration
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Part Four Tourism Supply, Demand Policy,
Planning, and Development
Goals of Tourism Development
1. Provide a framework for raising the living
standard of the people through the economic
benefits of tourism 2. Develop an infrastructure
and provide recreation facilities for visitors
and residents alike 3. Ensure development within
visitor center and resorts is appropriate to
those areas 4. Establish a development program
consistent with the cultural, social , and
economic philosophy of the government and people
of that region 5. Optimize visitor satisfaction
Chapter 16 Tourism Planning, Development, and
Social Consideration