Title: Antiinflammatory and Analgesic Activity of Morinda citrifolia Noni in Experimental Animals
1Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activity of
Morinda citrifolia (Noni) in Experimental Animals
- Dr. D. N. Srivastava
- Professor and Head, Pharmacology (Retd.)
- Chairman, Noni Experimental Research Program
- World Noni Research Foundation
- Hyderabad
2- Man enters the world in pain, usually leaves it
in pain, and spends more of the intervening time
in pain than he would wish. - Banishment of this imminent spectra has been a
primary goal of magic rites and folk medicine
since time unrecorded, long before advent of such
intellectualised endeavors as specific therapies
- Henry B.
Murphree (1971)
3For Screening the medicinal plant for their
pharmacological and therapeutic activity it must
follow
-
Synthesis -
structure elucidation -
-
-
Separation
Extract
Toxicology
Medicinal Plant
Pure constituent
Bioassay
Bioassay
Structure modification
Bioassay
4Contents of Noni
- Noni contains
- Vitamins- Vit A, B, C, and D
- Minerals
- Carbohydrates
- Isolated nutraceuticals
- Aminoacids
-
5Parts of Noni plant used in treatment of
inflammatory diseases
- Leaves
- Juice of leaves can internally help gout,
gingivitis and sties - Tea used to treat fever
- Chewing leaves may smooth sore throat
- Leaf extracts were used to prevent clots
- Powdered leaves administered to skin for burns,
boils and wounds - Heated leaves used to treat joints
- Fresh crushed leaves are rubbed on chest to
relieve chest pain and cold
6Contd
- Root
- used to relieve pain, reduce fever and
congestion internally - Topically is used to treat joint swelling and
gout - Fruit
- Fruit given internally for gingivitis,
bronchitis, arthritis, rheumatism and infection - Mashed unripe fruits are applied to swollen
areas, deep wound, boils, broken bone and
inflammed joints
7- COX enzymes
- COX-1 enzyme COX-2enzyme
- Responsible for protecting Responsible
for - bodys stomach lining and causing pain
and - kidneys
inflammation -
8- NSAIDs
- Inhibit
- COX-1 enzyme
COX-2enzyme -
- Inhibit prostaglandin that Inhibit
prostaglandin that - Protect the stomach lining causes pain
inflammation - Gastric ulceration and colitis
anti-inflammatory -
analgesic action
9- NONI inhibit
- COX-1 enzyme COX-2 enzyme
- Not effected
- Allow COX-1 enzyme Inhibit PG that cause
- To continue functioning pain and
inflammation -
Anti-inflammatory and -
analgesic action
10Role of Spolectin in pain and inflammation
- Isolation of scopolectin from Noni in 1993 by
university of Hawaii, attribute the new compound
to lowering BP, reducing inflammation, killing
bacteria and fungi preventing tomour growth - Spolectin is an important chemical required by
body for smooth joint movement - Spolectin is also antihistaminic
- It is also analgesic and antipyretic
- Spolectin have been found 5 times more effective
than aspirin - Significant analgesic of noni in mice on hot
plate was demonstrated in a laboratory in
France
11Immunomodulatory action of Noni and inflammation
- Noni stimulates the production of T cells in the
immune system that play a pivotal role in
fighting diseases - Noni acts to enhance immune system involving
macrophages and/or lymphocytes which are vital
part of natural defence of body - Noni has been shown to combat many types of
bacteria - Noni improves effectiveness of enzyme and
enhances cellular communication. There was 5
health condition associated with immune system - 1. Infection 2. Allergy 3. Autoimmune
diseases - 4. Cancer 5. Inflammation
- Auto-immune disorders
- Inflammation
-
12Antioxidant action of Noni and inflammation
- Many chronic and degenrative diseases including
ageing, inflammatory diseases and many immune
disorders are believed to be result of
accumulated damage caused by free redicals - Noni has a group of antioxidant which was ability
to scavange free radicals which is many times
stronger than other antioxidants - These action increase integrity of the vascular
system decreasing capillary permeability and
fragibility - Noni is particularly useful in phlebitis,
arthritis, allergies. Further Noni augment wound
healing, curb inflammation and hasten recovery
from injuries and inhibit microbes causing
infection
13Xeronine and pain inflammation
- Some of the reported physiological reponses from
xeronine include - Releives arthritis
- Helps to heal sprain
- Decrease pain
- Eliminate injuries to mend
- Promotes injuries to mend
- Xeronine acts as the bodys supreme pain killer
because it works with Endorphins in the body to
numb pain and produce feeling of Euphoria.
Without xeronine the Endoephin is useless - Noni has been found to be 75 as effective as
Morphine in relieving pain without side effects
of Morphine. Unlike Morphine Noni is not - addictive
14Sterols and inflammation
- Sterols and natural alcohols found in animals and
plants - The plant sterols are known as phytosterols
- Noni contains (Beta) Sitosterols
- Stigmasterols
- Campesterol
- In animal study, beta-sitosterol has been shown
to be anti-inflammatory and antipyretic - Beta-sitosterol can regulate immune system and
can improve arthritis, allergies and auto-immune
diseases
15Anti-inflammatory activity in experimental animals
- Method Carrageenin induced rat paw oedema
- Inflammogenic substances Carrageenin
- Dose of Carrageenin 0.1 ml/rat (1 solution)
injected in planter aponeurosis of the hind paw - Experimental animal Rat
- Reference Method described by Winter et al.
(1962). Paw volume was measured by method of
Bhatt et al. (1977) - Percent anti-inflammatory activity (1-T/C) 100
- where, T Mean volume of oedema in drug
treated group - C Mean volume of oedema in
control group
16Anti-inflammatory activity in experimental animals
- Method Cotton Pellet Implantation method
- Inflammogenic substance Cotton wool
- Cotton Pellet The sterilized pellets of cotton
wool weighing 10 mg is implanted S/C in both
groins of each rat - Experimental animal Rat
- Reference Method described by Meier et al.
(1950) - Percent anti-inflammatory acitvity (1 T/C)
100 - where, T Mean weight of granulation tissue
in drug treated group - C Mean weight of granulation
tissue in control group
17Analgesic activity in experimental animals
- Method Hot Plate method
- Instrument Hot plate analgesiometer heated at
55 0.5 0 C - Experimental animal Rat
- Reference Curzon et al. (1980)
- Percent analgesic score (PAS) T2/T1 100
- where, T1 Reaction time (in second) before
drug administration - T2 Reaction time (in seconds)
after drug administration
18Analgesic activity in experimental animals
- Method Rat tail hot wire method
- Instrument Techno analgesiometer
- Experimental animal Rat
- Reference Davies et al. (1946)
- Percent analgesic score (PAS) T2/T1 100
- where,
- T1 Reaction time (in seconds) before
drug administration - T2 Reaction time (in seconds) after
drug administration
19Conclusion
- Morinda Citrifolia, Noni has been reported to
possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity
on acute and chronic inflammatory reaction. - Noni selectively inhibits COX-2 enzyme while
allowing COX-1 enzyme1 to continue functioning. - Scopoletin has been reported to produce
anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and
antihistaminic activity . - Noni helps in reducing inflammation, autoimmune
diseases and infection by modifying the immune
system of the body. - The antioxidant activity of Noni curb
inflammation and hasten recovery from injuries
and inhibit microbes from causing infection. - Xeronine works with Endorphine in the body and
numb pain. - Beta sitosterol has been shown to produce
anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity. It
may regulate immune system and improve rheumatoid
arthritis, allergies, auto-immune diseases.
20Thank You