Antiinflammatory and Analgesic Activity of Morinda citrifolia Noni in Experimental Animals - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Antiinflammatory and Analgesic Activity of Morinda citrifolia Noni in Experimental Animals

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Title: Antiinflammatory and Analgesic Activity of Morinda citrifolia Noni in Experimental Animals


1
Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activity of
Morinda citrifolia (Noni) in Experimental Animals
  • Dr. D. N. Srivastava
  • Professor and Head, Pharmacology (Retd.)
  • Chairman, Noni Experimental Research Program
  • World Noni Research Foundation
  • Hyderabad

2
  • Man enters the world in pain, usually leaves it
    in pain, and spends more of the intervening time
    in pain than he would wish.
  • Banishment of this imminent spectra has been a
    primary goal of magic rites and folk medicine
    since time unrecorded, long before advent of such
    intellectualised endeavors as specific therapies
  • Henry B.
    Murphree (1971)

3
For Screening the medicinal plant for their
pharmacological and therapeutic activity it must
follow

  • Synthesis

  • structure elucidation



Separation
Extract
Toxicology
Medicinal Plant
Pure constituent
Bioassay
Bioassay
Structure modification
Bioassay
4
Contents of Noni
  • Noni contains
  • Vitamins- Vit A, B, C, and D
  • Minerals
  • Carbohydrates
  • Isolated nutraceuticals
  • Aminoacids

5
Parts of Noni plant used in treatment of
inflammatory diseases
  • Leaves
  • Juice of leaves can internally help gout,
    gingivitis and sties
  • Tea used to treat fever
  • Chewing leaves may smooth sore throat
  • Leaf extracts were used to prevent clots
  • Powdered leaves administered to skin for burns,
    boils and wounds
  • Heated leaves used to treat joints
  • Fresh crushed leaves are rubbed on chest to
    relieve chest pain and cold

6
Contd
  • Root
  • used to relieve pain, reduce fever and
    congestion internally
  • Topically is used to treat joint swelling and
    gout
  • Fruit
  • Fruit given internally for gingivitis,
    bronchitis, arthritis, rheumatism and infection
  • Mashed unripe fruits are applied to swollen
    areas, deep wound, boils, broken bone and
    inflammed joints

7
  • COX enzymes
  • COX-1 enzyme COX-2enzyme
  • Responsible for protecting Responsible
    for
  • bodys stomach lining and causing pain
    and
  • kidneys
    inflammation

8
  • NSAIDs
  • Inhibit
  • COX-1 enzyme
    COX-2enzyme
  • Inhibit prostaglandin that Inhibit
    prostaglandin that
  • Protect the stomach lining causes pain
    inflammation
  • Gastric ulceration and colitis
    anti-inflammatory

  • analgesic action

9
  • NONI inhibit
  • COX-1 enzyme COX-2 enzyme
  • Not effected
  • Allow COX-1 enzyme Inhibit PG that cause
  • To continue functioning pain and
    inflammation

  • Anti-inflammatory and

  • analgesic action

10
Role of Spolectin in pain and inflammation
  • Isolation of scopolectin from Noni in 1993 by
    university of Hawaii, attribute the new compound
    to lowering BP, reducing inflammation, killing
    bacteria and fungi preventing tomour growth
  • Spolectin is an important chemical required by
    body for smooth joint movement
  • Spolectin is also antihistaminic
  • It is also analgesic and antipyretic
  • Spolectin have been found 5 times more effective
    than aspirin
  • Significant analgesic of noni in mice on hot
    plate was demonstrated in a laboratory in
    France

11
Immunomodulatory action of Noni and inflammation
  • Noni stimulates the production of T cells in the
    immune system that play a pivotal role in
    fighting diseases
  • Noni acts to enhance immune system involving
    macrophages and/or lymphocytes which are vital
    part of natural defence of body
  • Noni has been shown to combat many types of
    bacteria
  • Noni improves effectiveness of enzyme and
    enhances cellular communication. There was 5
    health condition associated with immune system
  • 1. Infection 2. Allergy 3. Autoimmune
    diseases
  • 4. Cancer 5. Inflammation
  • Auto-immune disorders
  • Inflammation

12
Antioxidant action of Noni and inflammation
  • Many chronic and degenrative diseases including
    ageing, inflammatory diseases and many immune
    disorders are believed to be result of
    accumulated damage caused by free redicals
  • Noni has a group of antioxidant which was ability
    to scavange free radicals which is many times
    stronger than other antioxidants
  • These action increase integrity of the vascular
    system decreasing capillary permeability and
    fragibility
  • Noni is particularly useful in phlebitis,
    arthritis, allergies. Further Noni augment wound
    healing, curb inflammation and hasten recovery
    from injuries and inhibit microbes causing
    infection

13
Xeronine and pain inflammation
  • Some of the reported physiological reponses from
    xeronine include
  • Releives arthritis
  • Helps to heal sprain
  • Decrease pain
  • Eliminate injuries to mend
  • Promotes injuries to mend
  • Xeronine acts as the bodys supreme pain killer
    because it works with Endorphins in the body to
    numb pain and produce feeling of Euphoria.
    Without xeronine the Endoephin is useless
  • Noni has been found to be 75 as effective as
    Morphine in relieving pain without side effects
    of Morphine. Unlike Morphine Noni is not
  • addictive

14
Sterols and inflammation
  • Sterols and natural alcohols found in animals and
    plants
  • The plant sterols are known as phytosterols
  • Noni contains (Beta) Sitosterols
  • Stigmasterols
  • Campesterol
  • In animal study, beta-sitosterol has been shown
    to be anti-inflammatory and antipyretic
  • Beta-sitosterol can regulate immune system and
    can improve arthritis, allergies and auto-immune
    diseases

15
Anti-inflammatory activity in experimental animals
  • Method Carrageenin induced rat paw oedema
  • Inflammogenic substances Carrageenin
  • Dose of Carrageenin 0.1 ml/rat (1 solution)
    injected in planter aponeurosis of the hind paw
  • Experimental animal Rat
  • Reference Method described by Winter et al.
    (1962). Paw volume was measured by method of
    Bhatt et al. (1977)
  • Percent anti-inflammatory activity (1-T/C) 100
  • where, T Mean volume of oedema in drug
    treated group
  • C Mean volume of oedema in
    control group

16
Anti-inflammatory activity in experimental animals
  • Method Cotton Pellet Implantation method
  • Inflammogenic substance Cotton wool
  • Cotton Pellet The sterilized pellets of cotton
    wool weighing 10 mg is implanted S/C in both
    groins of each rat
  • Experimental animal Rat
  • Reference Method described by Meier et al.
    (1950)
  • Percent anti-inflammatory acitvity (1 T/C)
    100
  • where, T Mean weight of granulation tissue
    in drug treated group
  • C Mean weight of granulation
    tissue in control group

17
Analgesic activity in experimental animals
  • Method Hot Plate method
  • Instrument Hot plate analgesiometer heated at
    55 0.5 0 C
  • Experimental animal Rat
  • Reference Curzon et al. (1980)
  • Percent analgesic score (PAS) T2/T1 100
  • where, T1 Reaction time (in second) before
    drug administration
  • T2 Reaction time (in seconds)
    after drug administration

18
Analgesic activity in experimental animals
  • Method Rat tail hot wire method
  • Instrument Techno analgesiometer
  • Experimental animal Rat
  • Reference Davies et al. (1946)
  • Percent analgesic score (PAS) T2/T1 100
  • where,
  • T1 Reaction time (in seconds) before
    drug administration
  • T2 Reaction time (in seconds) after
    drug administration

19
Conclusion
  • Morinda Citrifolia, Noni has been reported to
    possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity
    on acute and chronic inflammatory reaction.
  • Noni selectively inhibits COX-2 enzyme while
    allowing COX-1 enzyme1 to continue functioning.
  • Scopoletin has been reported to produce
    anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and
    antihistaminic activity .
  • Noni helps in reducing inflammation, autoimmune
    diseases and infection by modifying the immune
    system of the body.
  • The antioxidant activity of Noni curb
    inflammation and hasten recovery from injuries
    and inhibit microbes from causing infection.
  • Xeronine works with Endorphine in the body and
    numb pain.
  • Beta sitosterol has been shown to produce
    anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity. It
    may regulate immune system and improve rheumatoid
    arthritis, allergies, auto-immune diseases.

20
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