Using%20MIL-STD-882D:%20Approach%20for%20Identification%20and%20Elimination%20of%20Environmental%20Hazards%20or%20Reduction%20of%20Risks%20Associated%20with%20Environmental%20Hazards

1
Using MIL-STD-882DApproach for Identification
and Elimination of Environmental Hazards or
Reduction of Risks Associated with Environmental
Hazards
2005 Joint Services Environmental Management
Conference

• S.G. Forbes, SAF/AQRE
• Paige V. Ripani, Booz Allen Hamilton
• Karen Gill, Booz Allen Hamilton

2
Overview

• DoD System Safety in Systems Engineering (SSSE)
  Policies Guidance
• MIL-STD-882D for Identification and Elimination
  of Environmental Hazards or Reduction of
  Environmental Risks
• Environmental Management (EM) and MIL-STD-882D
  Similarities

3
DoD SSSE Policies Guidance

• Basic Policy
• Integrate environment, safety, and occupational
  health (ESOH) considerations into the Systems
  Engineering process
• Use MIL-STD-882D, Standard Practice for System
  Safety, to accomplish this
• Rationale
• Influence daily design trade study decision
  making
• Identify and eliminate ESOH hazards or reduce the
  risks as early as possible in the
  design/development process
• Approach ESOH from perspective of Acquisition
  programs -- risk management versus compliance

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DoD SSSE Policies Guidance

• Policy Documents
• 12 May 03 DoD Instruction 5000.2, "Operation of
  the Defense Acquisition System"
• 23 Sep 04 USD (Acquisition, Technology, and
  Logistics) policy memo to the Service
  Secretaries, "Defense Acquisition System Safety"
• Revision to DoDI 5000.2 incorporating 23 Sep 04
  memo
• Guidance Documents
• Oct 04 DoD Acquisition Guidebook
• Apr 05 Defense Acquisition University (DAU)
  Course, System Safety in Systems Engineering

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DoD SSSE Policies Guidance

• Key Guidance
• Eliminate ESOH hazards or mitigate hazards to
  reduce ESOH risks -- the EM Pollution Prevention
  approach
• Manage ESOH, mission, or programmatic risks
  associated with
• Routine Operation Maintenance of the system
• System failures
• ESOH compliance requirements
• Accept risks at designated management authorities
• Provide supplemental HAZMAT information
• Link MIL-STD-882D ESOH risk management and
  NEPA/EO 12114 analyses

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Overview

• DoD System Safety in Systems Engineering (SSSE)
  Policies Guidance
• MIL-STD-882D for Identification and Elimination
  of Environmental Hazards or Reduction of
  Environmental Risks
• Environmental Management (EM) and MIL-STD-882D
  Similarities

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MIL-STD-882D

• Foreword
• This standard practice addresses an
  approach...useful in the management of
  environmental, safety, and health mishap risks.
• Definitions
• Hazard. Any real or potential condition that
  can cause injury, illness, or death to personnel
  damage to or loss of a system, equipment or
  property or damage to the environment.

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MIL-STD-882D

• Section A.4.1.1
• System safety in environmental and health
  hazard management. While environmental and
  health hazard management are normally associated
  with the application of statutory direction and
  requirements, the management of mishap risk
  associated with actual environmental and health
  hazards is directly addressed by the system
  safety approach. Therefore, environmental and
  health hazards can be analyzed and managed with
  the same tools as any other hazard.

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MIL-STD-882D

• Eight mandatory steps
• Document the System Safety approach
• Identify ESOH hazards
• Assess risks associated with ESOH hazards
• Identify risk mitigation measures
• Reduce risk to an acceptable level
• Verify risk reduction
• Accept residual risk by appropriate authority
• Track hazards throughout life cycle
• Step 1 reoccurs as necessary
• Steps 2 - 8 occur repeatedly throughout life cycle

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MIL-STD-882D

• MIL-STD-882D Step 3 -- Assessing risk
• Assess severity of the consequences that might be
  caused by a specific hazard
• Assign a severity category based on MIL-STD-882D
• Determine the likelihood (probability) of the
  hazard resulting in the consequences
• Assign a probability level based on MIL-STD-882D
• Assign a risk value using the MIL-STD-882D Risk
  Assessment Matrix
• Assign a risk category based on the risk value
• Identify risk acceptance authority based on the
  risk category

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MIL-STD-882D DoDI 5000.2
Risk Assessment and Risk Acceptance MIL-STD-882D
DoDI 5000.2, E7
PROBABILITY LEVELS SEVERITY CATEGORIES SEVERITY CATEGORIES SEVERITY CATEGORIES SEVERITY CATEGORIES
PROBABILITY LEVELS I CATASTROPHIC II CRITICAL III MARGINAL IV NEGLIGIBLE
(A) Frequent 1 3 7 13
(B) Probable 2 5 9 16
(C) Occasional 4 6 11 18
(D) Remote 8 10 14 19
(E) Improbable 12 15 17 20
HIGH(CAE)
SERIOUS (PEO)
MEDIUM (PM)
LOW (PM)
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MIL-STD-882D
Hazard Severity Categories
Description Category Environmental, Safety, and Health Result Criteria
Catastrophic I Could result in death, permanent total disability, loss exceeding 1M, or irreversible severe environmental damage that violates law or regulation.
Critical II Could result in permanent partial disability, injuries or occupational illness that may result in hospitalization of at least three personnel, loss exceeding 200K but less than 1M, or reversible environmental damage causing a violation of law or regulation.
Marginal III Could result in injury or occupational illness resulting in one or more lost work days(s), loss exceeding 10K but less than 200K, or mitigatible environmental damage without violation of law or regulation where restoration activities can be accomplished.
Negligible IV Could result in injury or illness not resulting in a lost work day, loss exceeding 2K but less than 10K, or minimal environmental damage not violating law or regulation.
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MIL-STD-882D
Hazard Probability Levels
Description Level Specific Individual Item Fleet or Inventory
Frequent A Likely to occur often in the life of an item, with a probability of occurrence greater than 10-1 in that life. Continuously experienced.
Probable B Will occur several times in the life of an item, with a probability of occurrence less than 10-1 but greater than 10-2 in that life. Will occur frequently.
Occasional C Likely to occur some time in the life of an item, with a probability of occurrence less than 10-2 but greater than 10-3 in that life. Will occur several times.
Remote D Unlikely but possible to occur in the life of an item, with a probability of occurrence less than 10-3 but greater than 10-6 in that life. Unlikely, but can reasonably be expected to occur.
Improbable E So unlikely, it can be assumed occurrence may not be experienced, with a probability of occurrence less than 10-6 in that life. Unlikely to occur, but possible.
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MIL-STD-882D
SAMPLE HAZARD ANALYSIS WORKSHEET
Hazard Hazardous Effects Causal Factors IR IRV IRC Risk Mitigation FR FRV FRC Status
Spillage of hydrazine while refilling the F-16 EPU Uncontrolled release of carcinogen violation of toxic material spill limits ground water contamination exposure of personnel to carcinogen loss of aircraft until clean up completed Refilling equipment cumbersome and heavy maintenance personnel in awkward position where cannot easily ensure connections tight and cannot quickly detect leakage IIC 6 Serious Program Office redesigned the refilling equipment to reduce potential for leakage integrated hydrazine vapor detector into refilling equipment linked to cut off valves that automatically stop flow of hydrazine if vapors detected provided new design work platform so maintenance personnel in more secure and comfortable work position IIIE 17 Medium Closed PM accepted the Medium Risk Level
IR Initial Risk FR Final Risk IRV Initial
Risk Value FRV Final Risk Value IRC Initial
Risk Category FRV Final Risk Category
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MIL-STD-882D
  PROBABILITY LEVEL
SEVERITY CATEGORY
I CATASTROPHIC
II CRITICAL
III MARGINAL
IV NEGLIGIBLE
7
3
(A) Frequent
1
2
5
9
(B) Probable
(C) Occasional
4
18
6
19
8
10
(D) Remote
20
(E) Improbable
15
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Overview

• DoD System Safety in Systems Engineering (SSSE)
  Policies Guidance
• MIL-STD-882D for Identification and Elimination
  of Environmental Hazards or Reduction of
  Environmental Risks
• Environmental Management (EM) andMIL-STD-882D
  Similarities

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EM MIL-STD-882D Similarities

• Environmental risk management outside Acquisition
  Systems Engineering process
• Clean Air Act requires Risk Management Plans for
  extremely toxic materials
• Restoration site risk assessments set cleanup
  limits
• US EPA uses risk assessments in setting standards
• National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) employs
  risk management methodology that parallels
  MIL-STD-882D

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EM MIL-STD-882D Similarities

• NEPA Analysis
• Identify potential environmental impacts
• Assess significance of potential impacts
• Identify means to mitigate and/or monitor impacts
• Decide whether to implement mitigation measures
• Formally document the decision
• Implement mitigation and/or monitoring decisions

• Parallel MIL-STD-882D Steps
• 2. Identify potential environmental hazards
• 3. Assess hazard severity and probability (risk)
• 4. Recommend possible mitigation measures
• 5. Decide whether to implement mitigation
  measures
• 7. Formally accept residual risk at appropriate
  level
• 8. Track hazards throughout life cycle

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Summary

• DoD System Safety in Systems Engineering (SSSE)
  Policies Guidance
• MIL-STD-882D for Identification and Elimination
  of Environmental Hazards or Reduction of
  Environmental Risks
• Environmental Management (EM) andMIL-STD-882D
  Similarities

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BACK UP CHARTS
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MIL-STD-882D

• Mishap severity
• Catastrophic Could result in death, permanent
  total disability, loss exceeding 1M, or
  irreversible severe environmental damage that
  violates law or regulation.
• Critical Could result in permanent partial
  disability, injuries or occupational illness that
  may result in hospitalization of at least three
  personnel, loss exceeding 200K but less than
  1M, or reversible environmental damage causing a
  violation of law or regulation.

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MIL-STD-882D

• Mishap severity contd
• Marginal Could result in injury or occupational
  illness resulting in one or more lost work
  days(s), loss exceeding 10K but less than 200K,
  or mitigatible environmental damage without
  violation of law or regulation where restoration
  activities can be accomplished
• Negligible Could result in injury or illness
  not resulting in a lost work day, loss exceeding
  2K but less than 10K, or minimal environmental
  damage not violating law or regulation.