TinyOS Tutorial, Part I

1
TinyOS Tutorial, Part I

• Phil Levis et al.
• MobiSys 2003

2
Goals

• Deploy a (small) sensor network
• See, modify, and install some nesC code
• Write a simple application

3
TinyOS Applications

• Application specific images
• Top-level configuration
• tinyos-1.x/apps/

4
TinyDB

• Data collection and aggregation
• SQL-like queries
• Ad-hoc multi-hop routing

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Two Steps

• Prepare PC-side application
• Install TinyDB on two or more motes

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Building Java Tools

• cd tinyos-1.x/tools/java
• make

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TinyDB Java Application

• cd tinyos-1.x/tools/java
• cd net/tinyos/tinydb
• java jar tinydb.jar
• After you run this, close it

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Installing TinyDB

• cd tinyos-1.x/apps/tinydb
• make mica
• Make sure application builds properly
• Plug in programming board
• make mica install.1
• Installs application with mote ID 1

9
Build a TinyDB Base Station

• Plug in a new mote
• cd apps/TinyDB
• make mica install.0
• Make sure serial cable is connected

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Running the Application

• Plug in (and turn on) base station
• Turn on TinyDB mote
• Run TinyDB PC application

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A Simple Query

• Report light at one Hz
• Look at data output

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Multi-Mote Network

• Close TinyDB PC application
• Turn off motes
• Install TinyDB on more motes
• make install.2
• make install.3
• Run TinyDB PC application
• Send query again

13
Applications

• TinyOS applications have a top-level
  configuration
• Wires application components to boot sequence,
  etc.
• Some applications have no app-specific modules

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Example Configuration
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A Simple App CntToLeds

• CntToLeds
• Displays bottom 3 bits of a counter on LEDs
• apps/CntToLeds

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CntToLeds Configuration(apps/CntToLeds/CntToLeds.
nc)
configuration CntToLeds implementation
components Main, Counter, IntToLeds, TimerC
Main.StdControl -gt IntToLeds.StdControl
Main.StdControl -gt Counter.StdControl
Main.StdControl -gt TimerC.StdControl
Counter.Timer -gt TimerC.Timerunique("Timer")
Counter.IntOutput -gt IntToLeds.IntOutput
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Step By Step(apps/CntToLeds/CntToLeds.nc)
configuration CntToLeds

• This is a configuration (wiring)
• Named CntToLeds (CntToLeds.nc)

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Step By Step(apps/CntToLeds/CntToLeds.nc)
implementation components Main, Counter,
IntToLeds, TimerC

• This is the implementation block
• As this is a configuration, implementation is
  wiring
• This wiring uses these components
• There can be more than one components statement
• Component order unimportant

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Step By Step(apps/CntToLeds/CntToLeds.nc)
Main.StdControl -gt IntToLeds.StdControl
Main.StdControl -gt Counter.StdControl
Main.StdControl -gt TimerC.StdControl

• Connect Mains StdControl (uses) to the
  StdControl interfaces (provides) of three
  components
• In the boot sequence, Main will call these
  components init() and start()

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Step By Step(apps/CntToLeds/CntToLeds.nc)
Counter.Timer -gt TimerC.Timerunique("Timer")

• Wire counter to a unique TimerC timer
• Counter.Timer.startTimer() will call
  TimerC.Timerx.startTimer
• TimerC.Timerx.fired() will call
  Counter.Timer.fired()

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Finally.(apps/CntToLeds/CntToLeds.nc)
Counter.IntOutput -gt IntToLeds.IntOutput

• Wire the counter output to the LEDs

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CntToLeds, Revisited(apps/CntToLeds/CntToLeds.nc)
configuration CntToLeds implementation
components Main, Counter, IntToLeds, TimerC
Main.StdControl -gt IntToLeds.StdControl
Main.StdControl -gt Counter.StdControl
Main.StdControl -gt TimerC.StdControl
Counter.Timer -gt TimerC.Timerunique("Timer")
Counter.IntOutput -gt IntToLeds.IntOutput
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How it Works

• On boot, Main initializes components
• When Counter starts, it starts its Timer
• When Timer fires, Counter increments is value,
  then calls IntToLeds
• IntToLeds displays bottom three bits

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Install CntToLeds

• cd apps/CntToLeds
• make mica install
• Watch the mote blink

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Simulation

• TinyOS has a simulator, TOSSIM
• Builds directly from TinyOS code
• make pc
• build/pc/main.exe h
• Configurable output
• export DBGled
• Scalable to thousands of nodes

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Simulating CntToLeds

• Syntax main.exe ltnumber of nodesgt
• Sample command line options
• -h help
• -x ltfloating pointgt Scale simulated time to real
  world time (2.0 twice as fast)
• -r ltsimplestaticlossygt Radio models
• Running CntToLeds
• build/pc/main.exe x 1.0 1

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TinyViz

• GUI for visualization and actuation
• Connects directly to TOSSIM
• build/pc/main.exe gui 4
• cd tinyos-1.x/tools/java/
• java net.tinyos.sim.TinyViz

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TinyViz Screenshot
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Adding Debugging Output

• tinyos-1.x/tos/lib/Counter.nc
• export dbgled,usr3
• make pc
• build/pc/main.exe x 1.0 1

event result_t Timer.fired() state
dbg(DBG_USR3, Counter i.\n, state)
return call IntOutput.output(state)
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Simple Messaging

• Build a CntToRfm mote
• Build a RfmToLeds mote
• One mote displays the others counter

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CntToRfm (apps/CntToRfm/CntToRfm.nc)
configuration CntToRfm implementation
components Main, Counter, IntToRfm, TimerC
Main.StdControl -gt Counter.StdControl
Main.StdControl -gt IntToRfm.StdControl
Counter.Timer -gt TimerC.Timerunique("Timer")
Counter.IntOutput -gt IntToRfm.IntOutput
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RfmToLeds (apps/RfmToLeds/RfmToLeds.nc)
configuration RfmToLeds implementation
components Main, RfmToInt, IntToLeds
Main.StdControl -gt IntToLeds.StdControl
Main.StdControl -gt RfmToInt.StdControl
RfmToInt.IntOutput -gt IntToLeds.IntOutput
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Sensing

• Instead of a counter, display sensor reading on
  LEDs
• See what sensing code looks like
• Install SenseToRfm on CntToRfm node

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Sensing SenseToRfm (apps/SenseToRfm/SenseToRfm.nc
)
configuration SenseToRfm // this module does
not provide any interfaceimplementation
components Main, SenseToInt, IntToRfm, ClockC,
Photo Main.StdControl -gt SenseToInt
Main.StdControl -gt IntToRfm SenseToInt.Clock
-gt ClockC SenseToInt.ADC -gt Photo
SenseToInt.ADCControl -gt Photo
SenseToInt.IntOutput -gt IntToRfm
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Sensing, Continued

• Build a new application
• Goals
• Have two motes sense
• Each displays others reading on LEDs
• Starting blocks
• SenseToRfm
• RfmToLeds

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Making a New Application

• Create a new application directory
• Create the Makefile
• Write the code

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Directory

• mkdir tinyos-1.x/apps/SenseExchange
• cd tinyos-1.x/apps/SenseExchange

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Makefile

• Create and edit Makefile

COMPONENTSenseExchangeinclude ../Makerules
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Application File

• What components do we need?
• Main
• Photo
• SenseToInt
• IntToRfm
• RfmToInt
• IntToLeds
• ClockC

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Wiring It Up The Components (apps/SenseExchange/
SenseExchange.nc)
configuration SenseExchange // this module does
not provide any interfacesimplementation
components Main // The output part
components SenseToInt, IntToRfm, ClockC, Photo
// The input part components RfmToInt,
IntToLeds
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Wiring It Up Output Connections
(apps/SenseExchange/SenseExchange.nc)
Main.StdControl -gt SenseToInt
Main.StdControl -gt IntToRfm SenseToInt.Clock
-gt ClockC SenseToInt.ADC -gt Photo
SenseToInt.ADCControl -gt Photo
SenseToInt.IntOutput -gt IntToRfm
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Wiring It Up Input Connections
(apps/SenseExchange/SenseExchange.nc)
Main.StdControl -gt IntToLeds.StdControl
Main.StdControl -gt RfmToInt.StdControl
RfmToInt.IntOutput -gt IntToLeds.IntOutput
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Wiring It Up Result (apps/SenseExchange/SenseExc
hange.nc)
configuration SenseExchange // this module does
not provide any interfacesimplementation
components Main components SenseToInt,
IntToRfm, ClockC, Photo components RfmToInt,
IntToLeds Main.StdControl -gt SenseToInt
Main.StdControl -gt IntToRfm SenseToInt.Clock
-gt ClockC SenseToInt.ADC -gt Photo
SenseToInt.ADCControl -gt Photo
SenseToInt.IntOutput -gt IntToRfm
Main.StdControl -gt IntToLeds.StdControl
Main.StdControl -gt RfmToInt.StdControl
RfmToInt.IntOutput -gt IntToLeds.IntOutput
44
Running SenseExchange

• Compile and run on two motes
• Cover one light sensor
• Cover the other

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Conclusion of Part I

• Deployed a small sensor network
• Installed simple applications
• Used TOSSIM
• Wrote SenseExchange
• Part II Communication, actuation

46
Questions
47
SerialForwarder

• Sensor network proxy
• Connects to serial port
• Provides TCP socket interface

java net.tinyos.sf.SerialForward