More Teleosts....Spinyrayed Fishes

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More Teleosts....Spiny-rayed Fishes

• Ch. 15 (Helfman, Collette, Facey)

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Acanthopterygii

• True spines in dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins
• Ctenoid scales
• Protrusible mouths

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Acanthopterygii
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Mugiliformes Mullets
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Mugiliformes Mullets
Abundant in warm climates coastal
shallow-water marine species used for food
throughout world filter feeders
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Atheriniformes Silversides
small shallow-water marine and FW species 2
species important forage species in lakes
California Grunion beach spawner spawn
during full and new moon
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Beloniformes Ballyhoo
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Beloniformes
shallow coastal water fish long pointy
snouts long lower jaw and small upper jaw
important forage fish and typically used for
bait
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Beloniformes Needlefish
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Beloniformes Flyingfish
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Cyprinindontiformes
killifishes, topminnows, and livebearers no
spiny rays small in size (some aquarium
fishes) killifishes in estuaries
(euryhaline) livebearers (Poeciliidae)
internal fertilization (intromittant organ)
mosquitofishes eats mosquito larvae
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Stephanoberyciformes
bizarre fishes whalefishes mostly
deep-sea
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Beryciformes
soldierfishes, squirrelfishes, and roughies
inhabit coral reefs small in size (some
aquarium fishes) roughies deep-sea species
food fish
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Beryciformes
To this??
From this....
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Gacterosteiformes Stickleback
freshwater fish with large spines assoc. w/
dorsal fins some have armored scutes along side
of body males builds nests and become red in
belly
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Gacterosteiformes Seahorse and Pipefish
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Gacterosteiformes Seahorse and Pipefish
males brood eggs and young possess pouch
(eggs from multiple females) long snouts
feed via sucking food into mouths also
trumpetfishes and coronet fishes tropical reef
dwellers
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Scorpaeniformes Scorpionfish
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Scorpaeniformes
1000 species bony skulls with large spines
venomous spines lionfish also in this group
sea robins tropical reef dwellers
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Scorpaeniformes Sculpin
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Perciformes

• True spine in dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins
• Pelvic fins thoracic or jugular
• Pectoral fins high on side with vertical bases
• 24 or fewer vertebrae
• Ctenoid scales (usually)
• Premaxillary excludes maxillary from gape

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Perciformes

• Appeared 400 mya
• cretaceous
• Relatively new on the planet

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Perciform Families

• Centrarchidae Black basses and sunfishes
• Percidae -- Perches and darters
• Lutjanidae -- Snappers
• Moronidae -- Temperate basses
• Serranidae -- Sea Basses
• Carangidae -- Jacks
• Sciaenidae -- Drums

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Perciform Families (continued)

• Cichlidae -- cichlids
• Bleniidae -- Blennies
• Scombridae -- Mackerels
• Ziphiidae -- Swordfish
• Istiphoridae -- Marlins

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Centrarchidae

• Restricted to N. America
• Micropterus black basses LMB, SMB, spotted
  bass
• Lepomis sunfishes bluegill and redear
• Pomoxis black and white crappies
• Important recreational species

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Percidae North American Darters
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Perciform Families

• N. America and Eurasia
• Yellow perch, sauger and darters
• Important game species

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Lutjanidae snappers
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Lutjanidae

• True snappers
• Red snapper and grey snapper
• Valuable food fishes

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Moronidae

• Temperant basses
• Striped bass, white bass, and related fishes
• Striped bass anadromous
• Hybrids produced
• aquaculture

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X
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Serranidae Sea Basses
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Carangidae Jacks
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Sciaenidae Drums
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Sciaenidae

• Mostly marine (1 FW form)
• Red drum, black drum, and croakers
• Important commercial species

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African Cichlids
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Cichlidae

• Biologically and economically important
• Africa and South/Central America
• Diverse group
• Tilapia
• aquaculture

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Bleniidae Blennies
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Blennidae

• Small benthic marine fishes
• 700 species described
• Very diverse

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Scombridae

• Tunas and mackerels
• Active predators
• Maintain body temperature above ambient
  temperature
• Bluefin tuna extremely valuable for sushi

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Xiphiidae

• Swordfish
• Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans
• Sword doro-ventrally flattened
• Lack teeth as adults and pelvic fin
• Highly prized as food fish

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Istiphoridae

• Marlins
• Bills are rounded in cross-section
• Possess teeth and pelvic fins
• Highly prized sport fish
• heat exchanger to keep brain and eye warm during
  forays into cold deep water

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Pleuronectiformes Flatfishes
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Pleuronectiformes

• Flatfishes
• Flounders, halibuts, and soles
• Fry hatch with one eye on both sides
• One eye migrates to other side during development
• Two eyes on one side of body
• Bottom side white, top side cryptic colored
• Excellent food fishes

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Tetraodontiformes

• Molas, boxfishes, and puffers
• Strong jaws with heavy incisors or beaklike jaws
• Not efficient swimmers
• Defense mechanisms to avoid predation

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Triggerfishes

• Strong dorsal spines
• Wedge themselves into corals to avoid being eaten

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Puffers and Porcupinefishes

• Ability to inflate their stomach w/ water or air
• May also have spines alongside body
• May produce deadly toxins
• Delicacy in some cultures

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Trunkfish and Boxfishes

• Bony boxes encasing their bodies

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Molas

• sunfishes
• Large
• Thick leathery skin