Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes Associated with a Trial of Labor

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• Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes Associated with a
  Trial of Labor
• after Prior Cesarean Delivery
• Mark B. Landon, M.D., John C. Hauth, M.D.,
  Kenneth J. Leveno, M.D., et al.
• For the National Institute of Child Health and
  Human Development MaternalFetal Medicine Units
  Network

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background

• The proportion of women who attempt vaginal
  delivery after prior cesarean delivery has
  decreased largely because of concern about
  safety. The absolute and relative risks
  associated with a trial of labor in women with a
  history of cesarean delivery, as compared with
  elective repeated cesarean delivery without
  labor, are uncertain.

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background

• CS - 5 in 1970s to 26 in 2002.
• US public health goals (1990) 15 overall and 35
  after previous cesarean
• An apparent increase in the frequency of uterine
  rupture and concern about maternal and perinatal
  morbidity have challenged the safety and
  appropriateness of vaginal birth after cesarean
  delivery
• Vaginal birth after cesarean goes down from 31
  in 1998 to 12.7 in 2002.

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aim

• A multicenter observational study involving
  women with a prior cesarean delivery to assess
  the risks of uterine rupture and neonatal and
  maternal morbidity associated with a trial of
  labor as compared with repeated elective cesarean
  delivery.

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Methods

• We performed a prospective cohort study from 1999
• through 2002 at 19 academic medical centers
  belonging
• to the National Institute of Child Health
• and Human Development MaternalFetal Medicine
• Units Network
• This study includes
• all women who had a prior cesarean delivery and
• who had a singleton pregnancy at 20 weeks or more
• of gestation or whose infant had a birth weight
  of
• at least 500 g

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Methods

• Maternal and perinatal outcomes were compared
  between women who had a trial of labor and those
  who underwent elective repeated cesarean delivery
  without labor or other indications for cesarean
  delivery, such as a prior classical (up-and-down)
  or inverted T incision, breech or transverse
  presentation, placenta previa, prior myomectomy,
  nonreassuring patterns in the antepartum fetal
  heart rate, genital herpes, or a medical
  condition precluding a trial of labor.
• Women presenting in labor with cervical
  dilatation of at least 4 cm, as well as those
  receiving oxytocin, were classified as undergoing
  a trial of labor. Women presenting in early labor
  who subsequently underwent cesarean delivery were
  excluded from the analysis owing to the
  difficulty in distinguishing between a failed
  trial of labor and a planned elective repeated
  cesarean delivery.

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• Overall, our data suggest a risk of an adverse
  perinatal
• outcome at term among women with a previous
• cesarean delivery of approximately 1 in 2000
• trials of labor (0.46 per 1000), a risk that is
  quantitatively
• small but greater than that associated with
• elective repeated cesarean delivery.

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• Comparison of maternal mortality and morbidity
  between
• trial of labor and elective cesarean section
  among women
• with previous cesarean delivery
• Shi Wu Wen, MB, PhD, I. D. Rusen, MD, MSc, Mark
  Walker, MD,et al. for the Maternal Health Study
  Group, Canadian Perinatal
• Surveillance System

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Methods

• 308,755 Canadian women with previous cesarean
  delivery
• between 1988 and 2000.

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Results
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Results
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Discussion

• We found the in-hospital maternal
• death rate among women with cesarean delivery
• to be substantially higher than among women with
  vaginal
• deliverySurgical complications during cesarean
• section are probable causes of some of these
  deaths.
• These findings further support the argument that
  trial of labor is associated with increased risk
  of uterine rupture, but elective cesarean section
  may increase the risk of maternal death.

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Discussion

• Recent research has reported that inducing labor
  with
• a vaginal prostaglandin among women with a
  previous
• cesarean section confers the highest risk for
  uterine rupture. Our data source do not allow
  consideration of the specific method of
  induction.
• We found a higher risk of adverse outcomes
  associated
• with trial of labor in low-volume obstetric units
• (lt500 births per year) than in high-volume units
• (gt500 births per year).

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• ACOG

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www.obgyn.org.il

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