Association of School Environmental, Personal, and Behavioral Variables with Adolescent Physical Act

1
Association of School Environmental, Personal,
and Behavioral Variables with Adolescent Physical
Activity

• Prepared for CDPAC
• Presented by Jilan Yang
• Nov. 7, 2006

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Presentation Outline

• Introduction
• Previous findings
• Study Purpose
• Methodology
• Results
• Discussion and Conclusions
• Strength and Limitations

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Introduction

• The Benefits of Practicing Physical Activity
• Physical, Social and Mental
• The Risk of Physical Inactivity
• Physical, Social, Mental
• The Importance of Practicing Physical Activity
  for Adolescents

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Introduction

• Adolescents Physical Activity Level in Canada
• According to the 2000/01 Canadian Community
  Health Survey (CCHS), 52 of the Canadian
  adolescents were considered physically inactive
• 56 of Ontario adolescents were physically
  inactive.
• Clarifying what and how the factors influence on
  adolescent physical activity is critical for
  understanding adolescent physical activity
  behavior and programming interventions further

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Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)

• SCT proposes that behavior change is affected by
  environmental influences, personal factors, and
  attributes of the behavior. Each domain may
  affect or be affected by either of the other two.
  

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Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)

• Triadic Relationship of Social Cognitive Theory
  

Environment
Behavior
Person
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Previous Findings

• Consistent findings of existing literatures
• Age
• Gender
• Inconsistent findings of existing literatures
• Environmental factors (Social Physical )
• Personal factors (Perceived competence, etc)
• Behavioral factors (Sedentary behavior smoking
  etc.)

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Previous Findings

• Social Environmental Factors
• Parent (mothers modeling fathers modeling
  parents attitude)
• Friend (friends modeling)
• Personal Factors
• General barriers, body image, perceived
  competence
• Behavioural Factors
• Smoking, participating school sports teams, time
  on sedentary activity

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Previous Findings

• Summary of the Evidence
• Sample Characteristics
• Measurement Errors
• Sample Size

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Study Purpose

• Examining how variables in social, environmental
  and personal domains in a single study to clarify
  the relationship between them and adolescent
  physical activity behavior.

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Methodology

• Description of the Host Study (SHAPES_Ontario)
• The data for this study is part of the larger
  SHAPES_Ontario project
• All consenting students in grade 9 through 12 at
  participating secondary schools were surveyed
• 7,108 adolescents enrolled in 37 Ontario
  secondary schools were examined.

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Methodology

• Data Collection
• Adolescents were classified into three
  categories as inactive (lt 3 KKD), active (3-7.9
  KKD) and optimally active ( 8 KKD).
• Additional items asked about demographics, as
  well as social environmental, personal, and
  behavioural factors.

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Methodology

• Logistic regression were used for analysis
• To differentiate inactive from active adolescents
• To differentiate active from optimally active
  adolescents
• Data analysis were conducted separately in
  adolescent boys, adolescent girls, and the whole
  group
• Age and gender as covariates always stay in the
  model

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Results

• Demographic characteristics
• N7,108
• 54 males
• Mean age 15.5y

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Results

• Descriptive Statistics

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Results
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Results
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Results

• Logistic Regression to Differentiate Inactive
  versus Active Adolescents

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Results

• Logistic Regression to Differentiate Active
  versus Optimally Active Adolescents

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Summary of the Results

• Age is always negatively associated with
  adolescent physical activity level.
• Gender is a significant variable to differentiate
  inactive and active adolescents, but not for
  active and optimally active adolescents.
• Friend modeling, perceived competence,
  participation in school sports teams are three
  most consistently significant variables across
  all groups.

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Discussion and Conclusion

• All factors independently examined in many
  previous studies are inseparable in the real
  life.
• Adolescents vary in their physical activity
  levels, but it is not exhaustive and sensitive
  enough to classify them into only active and
  inactive two groups.
• The group of optimally active adolescents have
  unique social, personal and behavioural
  characteristics.

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Discussion and Conclusion

• It would be wasteful to implement programs in all
  adolescents without distinguish them.
• By targeting different adolescents, intervention
  resources could have a larger beneficial impact
  and financial cost would be reduced.

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Strength and Limitations

• Strength
• The large, single sample of adolescents
• Various variables examined across environmental,
  personal, behavioural domains.
• Limitations
• Cross-sectional Study
• Lots of psychological variables important for
  adolescent physical activity were not examined.

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Thank You!

• Jilan Yang
• Ph.D Candidate
• Department of Health Studies and Gerontology
• University of Waterloo
• Email yangjilan_at_ahsmail.uwaterloo.ca