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The Rock Cycle

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Color: Minerals come in a rainbow of colors. Streak: The color of the powder left behind ... Pieces of sediment that have been pressed and cemented together. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Rock Cycle


1
The Rock Cycle
2
Minerals
  • A natural occurring solid with a crystalline
    structure.
  • Nonliving.
  • Quartz, diamond, and salts are all minerals.
  • Used in jewelry.

3
Mineral Properties
  • Color Minerals come in a rainbow of colors.
  • Streak The color of the powder left behind when
    you rub a mineral against a rough white tile. It
    does not vary.
  • Luster The way a mineral reflects light. Many
    minerals have a metallic luster.

4
Mineral Hardness
  • A minerals ability to resist being scratched.
  • Some minerals can not be scratched by anything.
  • The softest mineral is talc and is classified by
    a 1.
  • The hardest minerals are diamonds and they are
    classified by a 10.

5
Detecting Hardness
  • Hardness is determined using the Mohs scale.
  • The scale goes from 1 to 10. Any mineral that is
    higher on the scale can scratch any mineral lower
    on the scale.

6
Example
  • Suppose you have a mineral whose hardness is
    unknown.
  • A steel nail (hardness of 5.5) can not scratch
    the mineral, but a piece of quartz (hardness of
    7) can. What is the hardness of this mineral?

7
Answer
  • Suppose you have a mineral whose hardness is
    unknown.
  • A steel nail (hardness of 5.5) can not scratch
    the mineral, but a piece of quartz (hardness of
    7) can. What is the hardness of this mineral?
  • The mineral has a hardness between 5.5 and 7
    since a steel nail could not scratch it but a
    quartz could.

8
Special Properties
  • Magnetism
  • Fluorescence
  • An Electrical Charge
  • Produces a double image

9
Rocks
  • A natural solid made of one or more minerals.
  • Mountains, valleys, hills, beaches, and the ocean
    floor are made of rocks.

10
Igneous Rocks
  • Rock that forms when melted rock cools and
    hardens.
  • Can form underground or on the Earths surface.
  • When formed underground igneous rocks have large
    crystals.
  • When formed on Earths surface they have small or
    no crystals.

11
Sedimentary Rocks
  • Pieces of sediment that have been pressed and
    cemented together.
  • Pieces of sediment settle out of water or wind
    during deposition. This leads to the formation of
    sedimentary rocks.
  • Forms from any worn down rock.

12
Metamorphic Rocks
  • Rock changed by heat and pressure.
  • Can form from any other rock.
  • Found in every mountain range on Earth.
  • Found in the ocean and near some volcanoes.

13
ExamplesDraw a line to match.
  • Igneous Rocks
  • Sedimentary Rocks
  • Metamorphic Rocks

14
How Rocks are Used
  • A natural resource.
  • Sandpaper.
  • Buildings.
  • Monuments.
  • The US Capitol building uses sandstone and marble.

15
Processes that Change Rocks
  • Weathering is a process of breaking down rocks
    into sediment.
  • All rocks on the Earths surface are weathered.
    Wind and water also weathers rocks.
  • The process of wearing away and removing sediment
    by wind, water, or ice is called erosion.

16
The Rock Cycle
  • A continuous process in which one type of rock
    changes into another.
  • Weathering, erosion, deposition, heat, and
    pressure can all change rocks.

17
Science Up Close
  • Earth recycles rocks through the rock cycle.
  • Heat and pressure can change one type of rock to
    another.

18
Soil Formation
  • Soil can be formed from weathered rock under it
    or from eroded sediment carried from far away.
  • Soil contains minerals.
  • Most soil is made up of more than just weathered
    rock.
  • Farm soil contains small pieces of decayed plants
    and animals called humus.

19
Summary
  • The Rock Cycle is a group of changes. Igneous
    rock can change into sedimentary rock or into
    metamorphic rock. Sedimentary rock can change
    into metamorphic rock or into igneous rock.
    Metamorphic rock can change into igneous or
    sedimentary rock.

20
Video
21
Questions
  • What are minerals?
  • What are three visible properties of minerals?
  • How can you determine a minerals hardness?
  • How do rocks form?
  • How are rocks changed?
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