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Political Parties

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Title: Political Parties


1
Political Parties
  • Chapter 7

2
Portrait of the Electorate
Republican Democrat Independent Sex
Male 41 49 10 Female
35 54 11 Race White 42
47 11 Black 7 86
7 Hispanic 32 60 8
We the People (p. 179) Portrait of the Electorate
3
Portrait of the Electorate
Republican Democrat Independent Ideology
Liberal 14 81 5 Moderate/Dont
Know 30 56 15 Conservative 67
28 5 Region Northeast 36
48 16 North-Central 38 53 9
South 39 51 10
We the People (cont.) Portrait of the Electorate
(continued on the next slide)
4
TABLE 7-3 Party Identification, 1950s - 2000
SOURCE American National Election Study (Center
for Political Studies, University of Michigan,
2000). Note Data may not sum to 100 percent
due to averaging. 1950s percentages based on
years 1952, 1956 and 1958.
Table 7-3 (p. 180)Party Identification, 1950s -
2000
5
Portrait of the Electorate
Republican Democrat Independent Age
18-34 40 49 11 35-45 42
46 12 46-55 37 52 11
56-64 32 61 6 65 31 58
10 Income Less than 34 54
12 10,000
We the People (cont.) Portrait of the Electorate
(continued on the next slide)
6
Portrait of the Electorate
Republican Democrat Independent 10,000 -
19,999 29 62 9 20,000 -
29,999 35 53 12 30,000 -
39,999 32 54 14 40,000 -
59,999 37 53 10 60,000
48 42 10 Religion Protestant
41 51 8 Catholic 38 52
10 Jewish 18 82 0
We the People (cont.) Portrait of the Electorate
(continued on the next slide)
7
Party Functions
  • Organizing the competition
  • Party column ballot
  • Unifying the electorate
  • Party column ballot
  • Office block ballot
  • Nonpartisan election
  • Help organize government
  • 2000 election Senate evenly divided, membership
    on committee was evenly split
  • patronage
  • Translating preferences into policy
  • Providing loyal opposition
  • Given a honeymoon period

8
The Nomination of Candidate
  • Caucus-early in our history
  • Party Convention-1830s and 40s
  • Direct Primary-involve voters and reduce power of
    bosses
  • Primaries vary from state to state
  • Who may run and who qualifies for ballot
  • Whether party endorses a candidate
  • Who may vote
  • How many votes are needed for a nomination
  • Types of primaries
  • Open-crossover
  • Closed
  • Blanket (not used anymore)

9
TABLE 7-1 Minor Parties in the United States
Year Party
Presidential Percent
Electoral
Candidate Popular
Votes Vote
Received 1832 Anti-Masonic William Wirt
8 7 1856
American Milliard Fillmore 22 8 1860
Democratic (Secessionist) John C. Breckenridge
18 72 1860 Constitutional Union John
Bell 13 39 1892 Peoples
(Populist) James B. Weaver 9
22 1912 Bull Moose Theodore Roosevelt
27 88 1912 Socialist Eugene V. Debs
6 0 1924 Progressive Robert M.
LaFollette 17 13
Table 7-1 (p. 169)Minor Parties in the United
States
10
Minor Parties in the United States
  • Year Party
    Presidential Percent
    Electoral
  • Candidate
    Popular Votes
    Vote Received
  • States Rights (Dixiecrat) Strom Thurmond
    2 39
  • 1948 Progressive Henry
    A. Wallace 2 0
  • American Independent George C. Wallace
    14 46
  • National Unity John
    Anderson 7 0
  • Reform Ross
    Perot 19 0
  • Reform Ross
    Perot 8 0
  • Reform Pat Buchanan 0
    0
  • 2000 Green Ralph Nader 3
    0

Table 7-1 (cont.)Minor Parties in the United
States
11
Party Systems
  • Two Party System-US winner-take-all
  • Parliamentary-GB,coalitions, proportional
    representation
  • Minor Parties (third parties)
  • Organized around
  • Ideology
  • Economics
  • Single issue
  • Examples-Bull Moose, Green, Reform Party
  • Considered Spoilers

12
A Brief History of American Political Parties
  • Our First Parties
  • Realigning Elections
  • 1824 Andrew Jackson and the Democrats
  • 1860 The Civil War and the Rise of the
    Republicans
  • 1896 A Party in Transition
  • 1932 FDR and the New Deal Alignment
  • Divided Government
  • The 2000 and 2002 Elections Into the New Century

13
American Parties Today
  • Parties as Institutions
  • National Party Leadership
  • Parties at the Grass Roots
  • Parties in Government
  • In the Legislative Branch
  • In the Executive Branch
  • In the Judicial Branch
  • At the State and Local Levels

14
American Parties Today (cont)
  • Parties in the Electorate
  • Party Registration
  • Party Activists
  • Party Identification
  • Partisan Realignment and Dealignment

15
TABLE 7-2 Soft Money transfers to State Parties
in Five Competitive 2000 Senate Races
Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee
National Republican Senatorial
Committee State Hard Money Soft Money
Percent Hard Money Soft Money
Percent Soft Money
Soft Money Delaware 1,402,032 2,954,313
68 0 250,000
100 Michigan 2,391,714 4,280,606
64 1,668,200 2,821,560
63 Missouri 1,649,107 4,110,334
71 1,270,800
2,691,900 68 Montana 824,089
1,886,558 70
516,700 778,900 60 Virginia
4,132,687 4,968,000 55
2,303,800 3,052,100 57 Total
10,399,629 18,200,911 64
5,759,500 9,594,460 62
SOURCE Federal Election Commission, National
Party Activity Through the End of the Election
Cycle, press release, May 15, 2001 at
www.fec.gov/0515partyfund/tables/cong2state2000.ht
ml David B. Magleby, ed., Election Advocacy
Soft Money and Issue Advocacy in the 2000
Congressional Elections (Brigham Young
University, Center for the Study of Elections and
Democracy, 2001) David B. Magleby, The Other
Campaign Soft Money and Issue Advocacy in the
2000 Congressional Elections (Rowan
Littlefield, 2003)
Table 7-2 (p. 176)Soft Money Transfers to State
Parties in Five Competitive 2000 Senate Races
16
Campaign Finance
  • McCain/Feingold
  • Campaign Finance Reform Act
  • 2002

17
TABLE 7-5 Effects of the 2002 Campaign Finance
Reforms
Table 7-5a (p.186)Effects of the 2002 Campaign
Finance Reforms (continued on next slides)
18
Effects of the 2002 Campaign Finance Reforms
Table 7-5b (cont.)Effects of the 2002 Campaign
Finance Reforms (continued on next slide)
19
Terms
  • Party column ballot
  • Office block ballot
  • Nonpartisan
  • Patronage
  • Soft money
  • Caucus
  • Party convention
  • Direct primary
  • Open primary
  • Closed primary
  • Crossover voting
  • Proportional representation
  • Winner-take-all
  • Minor party

20
MORE TERMS
  • Realigning election
  • Laissez faire
  • Keynesianism
  • Divided government
  • Political party
  • National party convention
  • Party registration
  • Dealignment
  • Party identification
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