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Infection Control

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Infection control and prevention are important functions. Knowledge of infectious process, critical thinking, ... Usually physician will prescribe and antibiotic ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Infection Control


1
Infection Control
  • NPN 105
  • Joyce Smith RN, BSN

2
(No Transcript)
3
Changes in Control of Infections
  • Onset of HIV
  • Insurgence of TB form endemic countries
  • Increase in hepatitis
  • Increase in immigrants
  • Hospital cost containment
  • Nosocomial infections

4
Infection Control
  • Infection control and prevention are important
    functions.
  • Knowledge of infectious process, critical
    thinking, aseptic techniques, and barrier
    protections cannot be overemphasized.
  • Nurses are the primary preventers of infectious
    diseases in health care

5
Scientific Knowledge Base
  • Nature of infection
  • Invasion of susceptible host by pathogens or
    microorganisms which results in disease
  • Infecting agents
  • Bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa
  • Colonization
  • Occurs when a microorganism invades and grows but
    does not cause disease or infection
  • Disease occurs only after the pathogens multiply
    and cause problems with tissue function

6
Chain of Infection
  • Infectious agent
  • and ability to produce disease
  • Reservoir
  • Places where the microorganism lives and
    survives H2O, humans, animals, organic matter
  • Portal of exit must leave host
  • Mode of transmission how it gets from one to
    another
  • Portal of entry must have entrance
  • Susceptible host amount of defenses

7
Modes of Transmission
  • Contact
  • Air
  • Vehicles
  • Vector

8
Defenses Against Infection
  • Normal flora
  • Body system defenses
  • Inflammation
  • Immune response

9
Health CareAssociated Infection
  • Patients with multiple illnesses, older adults,
    and the poorly nourished are more susceptible.
  • Those with HIV, diabetes mellitus, and
    malignancies have a lowered resistance to
    microorganisms.
  • Can be exogenous or endogenous
  • Exogenous not part of normal body flora
  • Endogenous part of normal body flora

10
Asepsis
  • Medical asepsis
  • Use of clean techniques
  • Hand hygiene, barrier technique, cleaning of
    environment and surfaces
  • Surgical asepsis
  • Highest level of protection
  • Use of sterile techniques
  • Surgical hand washing, gown, gloves, mask
  • Nurses use this technique when doing sterile
    dressings or treatments

11
Knowledge Base
  • Infectious diseases create feelings of anxiety,
    frustration, and anger.
  • Cultural, religious, or social beliefs influence
    reactions.
  • Beliefs about disease and vaccination influence
    vaccination decisions.

12
Infection Control
  • Health promotion
  • Nutrition
  • Hygiene
  • Immunization
  • Adequate rest and regular exercise

13
What to do When an Infection Occurs in Your
Patient
  • Disinfect and sterilize all supplies
  • Good hand washing prevents the spread
  • Use of barriers, such as masks, gowns and gloves
    to control exposure
  • Isolate if necessary to prevent spread

14
Treatment of an Infection
  • Must identify the organism
  • Usually physician will prescribe and antibiotic
  • Increase fluid intake if patient condition allows
  • Allow for rest periods
  • Change dressings as needed and dispose of
    dressing in containers
  • May use compresses to site or may need to manage
    drainage tubes

15
Controlling Infections
  • Medical sepsis
  • Control or elimination of infectious agents
  • Cleaning
  • Disinfection and sterilization
  • Control or elimination of reservoirs
  • Control of portals of entry
  • Control of transmission
  • Hand hygiene

16
HAND WASHING
  • Before contact with patients
  • Before putting on sterile glove
  • After removal of sterile gloves
  • After contact with patients skin
  • After contact with body fluids
  • After contact with contaminated equiptment

17
Infection Control
  • Isolation and barrier protection
  • Standard precautions
  • Personal protective equipment (PPE)
  • Specimen collection
  • Bagging
  • Removal of protective equipment
  • Transporting patients

18
Infection Control
  • Role of infection prevention and control
  • Most health care facilities have infection
    control departments
  • Collect and report infections and identify needs
  • Health promotion in health care workers and
    patients
  • Immunizations for employees
  • Teaching reinforcement in infection control
    policies
  • Manage job related infections
  • Stay home if contagious
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