26.3b

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26.3b
2
Warm Up

• What were the arguments for and against the New
  Deal?

3
Objective

• Students will demonstrate understanding of the
  arguments for and against the New Deal.

4
26.3 Outline Quiz
1-10, Record Answers Only!
John L. Lewis

• _______________ union leader who set up the
  Congress of Industrial Organizations
• _______________ total sum of money the government
  owes
• _______________ sum of money paid to people on a
  regular basis after they retire
• _______________ Louisiana senator who opposed
  Roosevelt with the Share Our Wealth program
• _______________ California doctor who suggested
  giving benefits to retired people
• _______________ payments to workers without jobs
• _______________ criticized President Roosevelt on
  his radio program.
• _______________ was a a conservative group that
  complained that the New Deal interfered with
  peoples rights.
• _____________________ gave workers the right to
  unionize
• _______________ created a system of payments for
  retired and jobless workers.

national debt
pension
Huey Long
Francis Townsend
unemployment insurance
Charles Coughlin
Liberty League
National Labor Relations Act
Social Security
5
Chapter 26 Section 3 Guided Reading Activity,
pg. 715-719
Classwork
Homework

• Complete the Section 3 Review, pg 719, 1-7

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Warm-Up

• Do you think that the New Deal went too far, or
  not far enough?
• Explain your answer!

7
Objective

• Students will understand the opposition to FDRs
  New Deal programs.

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1. The first hundred days of the New Deal
encouraged a sense of ____________ among
Americans, but it failed to end the depression so
critics of FDR and his policies grew louder.

• hope

9
Critics of the New Deal
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2. The Kingfish, Huey Long, believed that FDR had
not gone far enough to help the poor so he called
for heavy taxes on the rich with his motto
"_________________________."

• Share Our Wealth

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The Kingfish

• Senator Huey Long of Louisiana had supported
  Roosevelt in 1932.
• However, Long soon turned on the President.
• The Kingfish, as Long was nicknamed, believed
  that FDR had not gone far enough to help the
  poor.
• Long called for heavy taxes on the rich.

"Share Our Wealth"
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The Kingfish

• He promised to use the tax money to provide every
  family with a house, a car, and a decent annual
  income.
• Millions of people, especially the poor, cheered
  Long's idea.
• They overlooked the fact that he had used
  bribery and threats to win political power.

14
3. ____________________ said the government had
turned its back on older citizens so he
petitioned for citizens over age 60 to get a
pension of 200 a month.
Francis Townsend
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Francis Townsend

• A California doctor, Francis Townsend, also had a
  plan.
• The government, he said, had turned its back on
  older citizens.
• Townsend wanted everyone over age 60 to get a
  pension of 200 a month.

16
Townsend supporters rally in Columbus, Kansas in
May 1936
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19
This stamp was intended to imply that FDR would
drain the pockets of America's workers to fill
the pot of America's elderly, by pushing through
the Townsend Plan if elected President.
20

• This cartoon, from the Townsend Plan's "Weekly"
  newspaper, expresses the group's main objection
  to Social Security--that it was not generous
  enough in the benefits it offered. The Townsend
  Plan promised every senior citizen 200 per month
  , regardless of past earnings. Under the social
  insurance program of the Social Security Act a
  worker whose earnings averaged 100 month for 40
  years would collect a Social Security retirement
  benefit of only 35 month.  

21

• This cartoon, from the Townsend Plan's Weekly
  newspaper, expresses the group's continuing
  dissatisfaction with the Social Security program.
  In their view, the Social Security Act was an
  obstacle to passage of their own Plan.

22

• This cartoon, from the Townsend Plan's "Weekly"
  newspaper, is still arguing that the Townsend
  Plan is superior to Social Security. This
  argument would still have appeal until the
  passage of the 1950 Social Security Amendments
  dramatically increased the value of Social
  Security benefits.

www.ssa.gov/ history/towns5.html
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pension

• A pension is sum of money paid to people on a
  regular basis after they retire.

28

• People receiving the pension would have to
  retire, thus freeing a job for someone else.
• They would also agree to spend the pension money
  at once to boost the economy.

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4. The popular "radio priest" ____________________
________ criticized Roosevelt for not taking
strong action against bankers and rich investors.

• Charles Coughlin

30
Father Coughlin

• A Roman Catholic priest, felt the New Deal did
  not go far enough.
• Father Coughlin spoke over the radio each week to
  almost 10 million listeners.
• The popular "radio priest" criticized Roosevelt
  for not taking strong action against bankers and
  rich investors.

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5. Conservative political and business leaders
formed the _________________ because they
complained that the New Deal interfered too much
with business, people's lives and was taking away
basic American freedoms.

• Liberty League

33
FDR and the Supreme Court
34
6. Roosevelt and his advisers defended the New
Deal by comparing the depression to a
_______________________.

• national emergency

35
7. In 1935, the Supreme Court ruled that the
_________________ was unconstitutional because it
gave too much power to the President and federal
government.

• National Industrial Recovery Act

36
8. The Supreme Court soon struck down the
_________________________ and overturned nine
other New Deal laws.

• Agricultural Adjustment Act

37
A plan to expand the Court
38
9. Roosevelt waited until after the 1936 election
to take action because he thought his reelection
showed that Americans ______________________ his
programs.

• favored

39
10. FDR called for raising the number of Justices
on the Supreme Court from 9 to ______________ in
order to have six new Justices who supported his
programs.

• 15

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A defeat and a victory
42
11. Both supporters and critics of the New Deal
accused him of trying to "pack" the Court and saw
his move as a threat to the ___________________
set up by the Constitution.

• separation of powers

43
12. After 6 months FDR withdrew his proposal, but
he eventually had the chance to appoint
______________ new Justices and get the Supreme
Court majority he wanted.

• nine

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Labor Reforms
45
13. In 1935, Congress passed the National Labor
Relations Act which is also called the
___________________ after Senator Robert Wagner,
the act's sponsor.

• Wagner Act

46
Unions grow stronger
47
14. The Wagner Act protected American workers
from unfair management practices, such as being
fired for joining a union and guaranteed workers
the right to _________________.

• collective bargaining

48
15. The Wagner Act helped union membership grow
from 3 million to ___________________ during the
1930s.

• 9 million

49
16. Union membership got a further boost when
____________________ set up the Congress of
Industrial Organizations to represented workers
in whole industries, such as steel and textiles.

• John L. Lewis

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Struggles and victories
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17. At the ______________ in Akron, Ohio, workers
staged a sitdown strike in which they stopped all
machines and refused to leave the factory until
Goodyear recognized their union.

• Goodyear Tire Factory

52
18. The _____________________ worked and became
popular at other factories until the Supreme
Court outlawed it in 1939.

• sitdown strike

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19. The ___________________ of 1938 set a minimum
wage of 40 cents an hour, a maximum 44 hour a
week in many industries and banned children under
the age of 16 from working in these industries.

• Fair Labor Standards Act

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Social Security
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20. In the 1930s, the United States was the only
major industrial nation that did not have a
formal _________________ program.

• pension

57
21. FDR and Secretary of Labor ___________________
____ pushed to enact an old-age pension program.

• Francis Perkins

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22. The _________________________ set up a system
of pensions for older people.

• Social Security Act

59
23. Second, the new act set up the nation's first
system of __________________________.

• unemployment insurance

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24. Third, the act gave states money to support
dependent children and people with
________________________.

• disabilities

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25. Some argued that it did too little for the
elderly and unemployed and it did not include
_____________________, domestic servants, or the
self-employed.

• farm workers

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The New Deal Good or Bad?
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Arguments against the New Deal
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26. The federal government grew in size and
_____________________.

• power

67
27. Some citizens complained that the government
was intruding into people's lives, threatening
both individual freedoms and _____________________
_.

• private property

68
28. Critics of the New Deal called for a return
to the traditional policy of ___________________
where government should play as small a role as
possible in the economy.

• laissez faire

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29. Critics also expressed alarm because the
government was __________________ more than it
took in.

• spending

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30. Deficit spending was creating a huge increase
in the _____________________.

• national debt

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31. Economic recovery did not come until 1941
when the United States was producing goods for
_________________.

• World War II

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Arguments for the New Deal
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32. New Deal legislation had ended the
__________________________, protected farmers,
and found work for millions of unemployed.

• banking crisis

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33. The New Deal had saved the nation's
democratic system, while other places in the
world, people turned to ______________________ to
lead them out of hard times.

• dictators

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34. President Roosevelt worked to use the powers
of the federal government to restore the nation
to ________________________ while preserving its
liberties.

• economic health

78
35. Americans continue to debate the expanded
_______________________ that began during the New
Deal.

• role of government

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Homework Review
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Huey Long,

• Known as the Kingfish, he wanted to distribute
  money from the rich toward the poor.
• Share our Wealth promised to use the tax
  money to provide every family with a house, a
  car, and a decent annual income

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(b) Francis Townsend,

• Townsend wanted everyone over age 60 to get a
  pension of 200 a month.

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(e) Charles Coughlin,

• Father Coughlin spoke over the radio each week to
  almost 10 million listeners.
• The popular "radio priest" criticized Roosevelt
  for not taking strong action against bankers and
  rich investors.

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(d) Liberty League,

• Political/business leaders that complained that
  the government interfered too much with business
  and with people's lives.
• The government, they warned, was taking away
  basic American freedoms.

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(e) Wagner Act,

• The Wagner Act helped union membership grow from
  3 million to 9 million during the 1930s.
• The Wagner Act protected American workers.
• It guaranteed workers the right to collective
  bargaining.

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(f) John L. Lewis,

• John L. Lewis set up the Congress of Industrial
  Organizations (CIO).
• The CIO represented workers in whole industries,
  such as steel, automobiles, and textiles.

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(g) Social Security Act.

• First, it set up a system of pensions for older
  people.
• Payments from employers and employees supported
  this system.
• Second, the new act set up the nation's first
  system of unemployment insurance.
• People who lost their jobs received small
  payments until they found work again.
• Third, the act gave states money to support
  dependent children and people with disabilities.

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(a) pension,

• A pension is a sum of money paid to people on a
  regular basis after they retire.

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(b) collective bargaining,

• Collective bargaining is the process in which a
  union representing a group of workers negotiates
  with management for a contract.
• Workers had fought for this right since the late
  1800s.

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(e) sitdown strike,

• Example Goodyear Tire Factory in Akron, Ohio
• They stopped all machines and refused to leave
  the factory until Goodyear recognized their
  union.

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(d) unemployment insurance,

• Payments to people who have lost their jobs until
  they find work.

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(e) laissez faire,

• A policy based on the idea that government should
  playas small a role as possible in the economy.

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(f) deficit spending,

• Process of spending more than the government
  takes in from taxes.

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(g) national debt.

• Total sum of money owed by the government.

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3. Describe why each of the following criticized
theNew Deal (a) Huey Long

• (a) It did not help the poor enough.

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3. Describe why each of the following criticized
theNew Deal (b) Francis Townsend

• It did not help older citizens enough.

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3. Describe why each of the following criticized
theNew Deal (c) the Liberty League.

• It interfered too much with business and with
  people's lives.

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4. How did the Wagner Act help workers?

• protected workers from unfair management
  practices guaranteed their right to collective
  bargaining

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5. (a) How did the New Deal change the role of
thegovernment?

• greatly expanded its role, size, and power

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5. (b) State one argument for and one argument
against the New Deal.

• For preserved American democracy
• Against made government too powerful

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6. (a) Why did manyAmericans oppose
Roosevelt's plan to increasethe size of the
Supreme Court?

• By packing the Court, he seemed to threaten the
  separation of powers principle

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6. (b) Do you agreeor disagree with these
critics? Explain.

• Yes,he was wrongly increasing presidential
  power.
• No, he was trying to deal with a national crisis.

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7. (a) Describe three ways in which the federal
government directly affects your life today.

• collects taxes, administers social programs,
  provides for the national defense

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7. (b) Do you think you arebetter off or worse
off as a result? Explain.

• All well-reasoned answers are acceptable!!

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• 26.3 Quiz

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Activity Writing an Editorial with a Political
Cartoon.

• Which side are you on?
• Write an editorial in which you agree or disagree
  with one of the critics of the New Deal
• Huey Long, Francis Townsend, Charles Coughlin, or
  the Liberty League.
• Give 3 reasons for the position you take.

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The Metropolitan Media
The date must go here!!!

• Your article in support or against one of the
  critics goes here!!!
• You must have a minimum of 3 well supported
  arguments!!

You must have a caption below your political
cartoon!!!
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• Section 3 Reviewing Key People and Terms
• 1. d
• 2. C
• 3. b
• 4. a
• 5. f
• 6. e

• Understanding the Main Ideas
• 1. Charles Coughlin
• 2. Liberty League
• 3. unconstitutional
• 4. National Labor Relations Act
• 5. Social Security Act
• 6. deficit spending
• 7. democratic system