Fall Protection Requirements for the Residential Contractor

1
Fall ProtectionRequirementsfor the
Residential Contractor
2
An Accident
A carpenter was setting trusses on the second
floor of a house they were building. There was
no guardrail or floor cover over the floor
opening for the stairway. While placing a truss
in position, one of the carpenters fell through
the opening to the concrete basement below
3
A Fatality Case Study

• A custom-built
• home was being
• framed by a 6
• member crew.
• One employee was handing
• a rafter from the second
• floor, to a coworker, who
• was standing on the
• frame work of the attic.
• Employee fell 10 ft. 3 inches
• through the floor opening
• along with the
• 2 by 8 by 20 rafter.

4

• SCOPE OF TRAINING
• Residential Construction can utilize One of the
  3 conventional means of Fall protection AND the
  use of Alternative Means.
• This program will look at the tasks typically
  done to build a house and review the fall
  protection equipment/systems necessary during
  each of these tasks.

5

• Lets begin by looking at the
• OSHA Fall Protection regulation

6
1926 Subpart M Fall Protection

• 1926.500 Scope, application, and definitions
  applicable to this subpart.
• 1926.501 Duty to have fall protection.
• 1926.502 Fall protection systems criteria and
  practices.
• 1926.503 Training Requirements

7
1926 Subpart M Fall Protection, continued

• Appendix A to Subpart M Determining Roof
  Widths.
• Appendix B to Subpart M Guardrail Systems.
• Appendix C to Subpart M Personal Fall Arrest
  Systems.
• Appendix D to Subpart M Positioning Device
  Systems.
• Appendix E to Subpart M Sample Fall Protection
  Plans.

8
1926.500 Scope, application, and definitions
applicable to this subpart.

• (a)(1) This subpart sets forth requirements and
  criteria for fall protection in construction
  workplaces covered under 29 CFR part 1926.
• Exception The provisions of this subpart do not
  apply when employees are making an inspection,
  investigation, or assessment of workplace
  conditions prior to the actual start of
  construction work or after all construction work
  has been completed.

9
DEFINITIONS

• DEFINTIONS ARE VERY IMPORTANT!!!
• EMPLOYEES AND EMPLOYERS NEED TO KNOW HOW TO
  RECOGNIZE FALL HAZARDS AND DETERMINE IF THEY ARE
  ADDRESSED BY THE STANDARD
• LETS LOOK AT SOME DEFINITIONS

10
1926.500(b) DefinitionsAnchorages

• A secure point of attachment for lifelines,
  lanyards or deceleration devices.
• Shall be independent of any anchorage being used
  to support or suspend any platforms,

11
1926.500(b) Definitions Anchorage Point

• Shall be capable of supporting at least 5,000
  pounds per employee, or
• Shall be designed, installed, and used as a part
  of a complete PFAS which maintains a safety
  factor of 2 and
• Under the supervision of a qualified person.

12

• Competent Person must determine appropriate
  anchor points on the structure

13
Examples of anchorage devices
14
1926.500(b) Definitions Controlled Access Zone

• An area in which certain work may take place
  without the use of guardrails, personal fall
  arrest equipment, or safety net systems
• The competent person shall determine the
  boundaries of the CAZ and clearly mark them with
  signs, wires, tapes, ropes or chains.

CAUTION CONTROLLED ACCESS ZONE AUTHORIZED
WORKERS ONLY!

• .

15
Controlled Access Zone

• Access to the zone is controlled to allow only
  trained workers inside the CAZ
• The crew supervisor/foreman shall monitor the
  workers in the CAZ to ensure that they do not
  engage in unsafe practices.

16
1926.500 (b) Definitions

• "Hole" means a gap or void 2 inches (5.1 cm) or
  more in its least dimension, in a floor, roof, or
  other walking/working surface.
• "Leading edge" means the edge of a floor, roof,
  or formwork for a floor or other walking/working
  surface (such as the deck) which changes location
  as additional floor, roof, decking, or formwork
  sections are placed, formed, or constructed.

17
A Leading Edge the edge will change when they
put another sheet of plywood down
18
An Example of a HoleUnprotected Stairway Opening
19
1926.500 (b) Definitions (continued)

• "Personal fall arrest system" means a system used
  to arrest an employee in a fall from a working
  level. It consists of an anchorage, connectors, a
  body belt or body harness and may include a
  lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or
  suitable combinations of these. As of January 1,
  1998, the use of a body belt for fall arrest is
  prohibited.
• "Positioning device system" means a body belt or
  body harness system rigged to allow an employee
  to be supported on an elevated vertical surface,
  such as a wall, and work with both hands free
  while leaning. The fall distance can be no
  greater than 2 feet.

20
1926.500 (b) Definitions (continued)

• "Roof" means the exterior surface on the top of a
  building. This does not include floors or
  formwork which, because a building has not been
  completed, temporarily become the top surface of
  a building.
• "Roofing work" means the hoisting, storage,
  application, and removal of roofing materials and
  equipment, including related insulation, sheet
  metal, and vapor barrier work, but not including
  the construction of the roof deck.

21
ROOFS AND ROOFING WORK
22
Roofing work
23
1926.500 (b) Definitions (continued)

• "Unprotected sides and edges" means any side or
  edge (except at entrances to points of access) of
  a walking/working surface, e.g..., floor, roof,
  ramp, or runway where there is no wall or
  guardrail system at least 39 inches (1.0 m) high.

24
Unprotected sides and edges present fall hazards
to workers
25
1926.500 (b) Definitions (continued)

• "Walking/working surface" means any surface,
  whether horizontal or vertical on which an
  employee walks or works, including, but not
  limited to, floors, roofs, ramps, bridges,
  runways, formwork and concrete reinforcing steel
  but not including ladders, vehicles, or
  trailers, on which employees must be located in
  order to perform their job duties.

26

• IMPORTANT PERSONS
• IN THE FALL PROTECTION STANDARD

27
Competent Person

• One who is capable of identifying existing and
  predictable hazards in the surroundings or
  working conditions which are unsanitary,
  hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has
  authorization to take prompt corrective measures
  to eliminate them. He/she is designated by the
  employer.

28
Competent Person Responsibilities in the Fall
Protection Standard

• Inspects fall arrest equipment that has been
  subjected to impact loading
• Implements the fall protection plan
• Provides fall protection training
• Employer designated to monitor the safety of
  other employees, i.e., safety monitor

29
Competent Person29 CFR 1926.20(b)(2)Responsibi
lities

• Provides
• Frequent and Regular Inspections
• of the Job sites, materials and equipment

30
Qualified person

• One who, by possession of a recognized degree,
  certificate, or professional standing , or who by
  extensive knowledge, training, and experience,
  has successfully demonstrated his ability to
  solve or resolve problems relating to the subject
  matter, the work, or the project.

31
Qualified Person Responsibilities

• Designs and supervises fall arrest system which
  maintains a safety factor of 2
• Supervises the design, installation and use of a
  horizontal lifeline
• An employer designated person to approve changes
  to the Fall Protection Plan and reviews the Plan
  periodically to determine completeness

32

• THIS IS A GOOD PLACE TO STOP FOR A BREAK.
• THE NEXT PART OF THE MODULE IS
• THE DUTY TO PROVIDE FALL PROTECTION.

33
1926.501(b)Duty to have fall protection
34
1926.501(b)Duty to have fall protection

• (1) "Unprotected sides and edges."
• (2) "Leading edges."
• (3) "Hoist areas."
• (4) "Holes."
• (5) "Formwork and reinforcing steel."
• (6) "Ramps, runways, and other walkways."
• (7) "Excavations."
• (8) "Dangerous equipment."

35
1926.501(b) Duty to have fall protection,
continued

• (9) Overhand bricklaying and related work
• (10) Roofing work on Low-slope roofs
• (11) Steep roofs
• (12) Precast concrete erection
• (13) Residential construction
• (14) Wall openings
• (15) Walking/working surfaces not otherwise
  addressed

36
Which of these duties can apply to residential
work?

• (1) Unprotected sides and edges
• (2) Leading edges
• (4) Holes
• (5) Formwork and reinforcing steel
• (6) Ramps, runways, and other walkways
• (7) Excavations
• (10) Roofing work on Low-slope roofs
• (11) Steep roofs
• (13) Residential construction
• (14) Wall openings
• (15) Walking/working surfaces not otherwise
  addressed

37
All of these work activities/items fall under the
Residential fall protection standard

• Framing
• Setting formwork for foundations, pouring
  concrete
• Roofing work
• Setting exterior walls
• Work by HVAC, Painters, Electricians
• Sheathing floor and roof
• Installing Windows
• Cutting a stairway opening

38

• LETS TAKE A LOOK AT EACH OF THE APPLICABLE FALL
  PROTECTION DUTIES AND SEE HOW AND WHERE THEY
  CAN BE PRESENT ON A RESIDENTIAL WORK SITE

39
Unprotected Sides and Edges

• 1926.501(b)(1) "Unprotected sides and edges."
  Each employee on a walking/working surface
  (horizontal and vertical surface) with an
  unprotected side or edge which is 6 feet (1.8 m)
  or more above a lower level shall be protected
  from falling by the use of guardrail systems,
  safety net systems, or personal fall arrest
  systems.

40
What are some examples of Unprotected Sides and
Edges at a Residential Job Site?
41
An Example of anUnprotected Side and Edge
42
1926.501(b)(2) Leading edges

• Each employee who is constructing a leading edge
  6 feet (1.8 m) or more above lower levels shall
  be protected from falling by guardrail systems,
  safety net systems, or personal fall arrest
  systems.
• Exception When the employer can demonstrate that
  it is infeasible or creates a greater hazard to
  use these systems, the employer shall develop and
  implement a fall protection plan which meets the
  requirements of paragraph (k) of 1926.502.

43
1926.501(b)(2) Leading edges continued

• Note There is a presumption that it is feasible
  and will not create a greater hazard to implement
  at least one of the above-listed fall protection
  systems. Accordingly, the employer has the burden
  of establishing that it is appropriate to
  implement a fall protection plan which complies
  with 1926.502(k) for a particular workplace
  situation, in lieu of implementing any of those
  systems.

44
Provide some examples of Leading Edge work
45

• FLOOR SHEATHING

46
Leading edge work on a commercial job site
Laying metal decking
47
Skylights/Holes, 1926.501(b)(4)

• 1926.501(b)(4) Protection from falling through
  sky lights Protection from falling through holes
  (including skylights) more than 6 feet (1.8 m)
  above lower levels

48
Holes

• 1926.501(b)(4) Each employee on
  walking/working surfaces shall be protected from
  falling through holes above lower levels, by
  personal fall arrest systems, covers, or
  guardrail systems erected around such holes.

49
Examples of Unprotected Stairway Openings
50
Options for Protecting Holes

• Provide guardrails
• Wear personal fall arrest equipment
• Provide Covers
• Cover must be able to withstand twice the weight
  of equipment, materials, and employees
• Must be secured to prevent accidental
  displacement
• Must be color-coded or marked with the words
  HOLE or COVER

51
Hole COVER marking
52
QUESTION?

• What option would you choose to protect a
  worker from an 8 foot fall into an unprotected
  opening that is 2 feet wide by 6 feet long on a
  residential job site?

Guardrail????
OR
Cover?????
53
Ramps, Runways, and other walkways 1926.501 (b)
(6)

• 1926.501 (b)(6) Ramps, runways, and other
  walkways
• Guard rails provided if fall distance is over 6
  feet.

54
Excavations, 1926.501 (b) (7)

• 501(b)(7) "Excavations." Each employee at
  the edge of an excavation 6 feet (1.8 m) or more
  in depth shall be protected from falling by
  guardrail systems, fences, or barricades when the
  excavations are not readily seen because of plant
  growth or other visual barrier

55
Example of an ExcavationDo you think this is
readily seen?
56
Low vs. Steep Slope

• Low slope
• 4 in 12 pitch or less
• Steep slope Greater than 4 in 12 pitch

Steep slope roof
12
6
57
1926.501(b)(10) Roofing work on Low-slope roofs

• Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (b) of
  this section, each employee engaged in roofing
  activities on low-slope roofs, with unprotected
  sides and edges 6 feet (1.8 m) or more above
  lower levels shall be protected from falling by
  guardrail systems, safety net systems, personal
  fall arrest systems,

58
1926.501(b)(10) Roofing work on Low-slope roofs

• OR a combination of warning line system and
  guardrail system, warning line system and safety
  net system, or warning line system and personal
  fall arrest system, or warning line system and
  safety monitoring system.

59
Safety Monitor Responsibilities

• Must be designated by the employer
• Shall
• Be competent to recognize fall hazards
• Warn employees when they appear to by unaware of
  a fall hazard or when acting unsafely
• Be on same walking/working surface
• Be close enough to orally communicate
• Have no other duties to take away attention from
  monitoring duties

60

• Safety Monitor
• On a low
• Slope Roof

61
1926.501(b)(10) "Roofing work on Low-slope
roofs."

• Or, on roofs 50-feet (15.25 m) or less in width
  (see Appendix A to subpart M of this part), the
  use of a safety monitoring system alone i.e.
  without the warning line system is permitted.

62
Warning line on a low slope roof
63
Warning line system stanchion
64
Residential Construction

• 1926.501(b)(13) Residential construction
• Each employee engaged in residential construction
  activities 6 feet (1.8 m) or more above lower
  levels shall be protected by guardrail systems,
  safety net system, or personal fall arrest system
  unless another provision in paragraph (b) of
  this section provides for an alternative fall
  protection measure.

65
Residential Construction

• 1926.501(b)(13) "Residential construction
• Exception When the employer can demonstrate that
  it is infeasible or creates a greater hazard to
  use these systems, the employer shall develop and
  implement a fall protection plan which meets the
  requirements of paragraph (k) of 1926.502.

66
Wall Openings

• 1926.501(b)(14) "Wall openings." Each employee
  working on, at, above, or near wall openings
  (including those with chutes attached) where the
  outside bottom edge of the wall opening is 6 feet
  (1.8 m) or more above lower levels and the inside
  bottom edge of the wall opening is less than 39
  inches (1.0 m) above the walking/working surface,
  shall be protected from falling by the use of a
  guardrail system, a safety net system, or a
  personal fall arrest system.

67
Wall Opening Window
68

• Window opening
• with a sill less than
• 39 inches tall requires
• a guardrail if the fall
• distance is greater
• than 6 feet.

69
Walking/Working Surfaces not Otherwise Addressed.
1926.501 (b)(15)

• 1926.501(b)(15) Walking/working surfaces not
  otherwise addressed." Except as provided in
  1926.500(a)(2) or in 1926.501 (b)(1) through
  (b)(14), each employee on a walking/working
  surface 6 feet (1.8 m) or more above lower levels
  shall be protected from falling by a guardrail
  system, safety net system, or personal fall
  arrest system.

70

• THIS IS A GOOD PLACE TO STOP AND TAKE A BREAK.
• THE NEXT PART OF THE MODULE GOES INTO FALL
  PROTECTION SYSTEMS.

71
1926.502(a)(2) Fall Protection Systems Criteria
and Practices

• (a) "General. (a)(2) Employers shall provide and
  install all fall protection systems required by
  this subpart for an employee... before that
  employee begins the work that necessitates the
  fall protection.

72
WHAT DOES THIS PART OF THE STANDARD ADDRESS?

• Stipulates criteria on
• How to build guardrail systems
• How to set up a warning line
• Safety net design and set-up
• Personal fall arrest systems
• Controlled access zones
• Protection from falling objects
• Responsibilities for safety monitors
• Covers
• Fall protection Plans

73
Fall Protection Systems3 conventional means
Personal fall arrest system (PSAF)
Guard rails
Safety net
74
1926.502(b) Fall protection systems criteria and
practices Guardrail Systems

• (b) Guardrail systems
• Top rail shall be 42 inches plus or minus 3
  inches above walking/working surface.
• Top rail shall be capable of withstanding,
  without failure, a force of at least 200 pounds
• Shall be surfaced so that guardrails will not
  snag clothing or cause skin lacerations

75
1926.502(b) Fall protection systems criteria and
practices Guardrail Systems

• Midrails shall be installed between top edge of
  guardrail system and the walking and/or working
  surface.
• Capable of withstanding a force of at least 150
  pounds.

76
Guardrail system with top and mid rail

77
Guardrail System around a basement stairway
opening
78
Top rail must be raised the height of the stilts
79
1926.502(c) (d) (e) (f) Fall protection systems
criteria and practices

• (c) Safety net systems
• installed as close as practicable under the
  walking/working surface on which employees are
  working, but in no case more than 30 feet (9.1 m)
  below such level.
• (d) Personal fall arrest systems
• (e) Positioning device systems.
• (f) Warning line systems

80
1926.502(c) (d) (e) (f) Fall protection systems
criteria and practices

• Positioning Devices
• Shall be rigged so that
• an employee cannot free
• fall more than 2 feet
• The anchor point shall
• be capable of supporting
• at least twice the potential
• impact load of an employees
• fall or 3,000 pounds whichever is greater.

81

• Personal Fall
• Arrest Systems
• Consist of
• Many different
• Components

82
Shock Absorbing Lanyard
83
1926.502 (d)(16) Personal fall arrest systems

• (d)(16) Personal fall arrest systems, when
  stopping a fall, shall
• (i) limit maximum arresting force on an employee
  to 900 pounds (4 kN) when used with a body belt
• (ii) limit maximum arresting force on an employee
  to 1,800 pounds (8 kN) when used with a body
  harness

84
1926.502 (d)(16) Personal fall arrest systems

• (iii) be rigged such that an employee can neither
  free fall more than 6 feet (1.8 m), nor contact
  any lower level
• (iv) bring an employee to a complete stop and
  limit maximum deceleration distance an employee
  travels to 3.5 feet .

85
1926.502 (d)(17) Personal fall arrest systems
Attachment Point

• (d)(17) The attachment point of the body harness
  shall be located in the center of the wearer's
  back near shoulder level, or above the wearer's
  head.
• WHERE IS THE BEST PLACE FOR THE ANCHOR POINT?

86
1926.502 (d)(21) Personal fall arrest systems
User Inspections

• (d)(21) Personal fall arrest systems shall be
  inspected prior to each use for wear, damage and
  other deterioration, and defective components
  shall be removed from service.

87
Deficient Fall Arrest Equipment
88
TWO IMPORTANT FACTORS
Swing fall
Rescue Plan
89
1926.502(g), (h), (i), (j), (k) Fall protection
systems criteria and practices

• (g) "Controlled access zones."
• (h) "Safety monitoring systems."
• (i) "Covers."
• (j) "Protection from falling objects."
• (k) "Fall protection plan.

90
FALLING OBJECT PROTECTION1926.502(j)

• Erect toeboards (2 by 4, no more than 1/4 inch
  above walking/working surface)
• Erect guardrails with small openings
• Do not store materials within 6 feet of edge
  during roofing work (unless guardrail is present)
• Build canopies

91

• YOU MAY WANT TO DO THE FALL ARREST EQUIPMENT DEMO
  AT THIS POINT. SHOW THE EQUIPMENT, PASS IT
  AROUND, LET EMPLOYEES OPERATE IT AND SEE THE
  PARTS.
• A GOOD PLACE TO BREAK. THE NEXT SECTION GOES
  INTO GREAT DEPTH ON THE FALL PROTECTION PLAN

92
1926.502(k) Fall Protection Planis available to
those doing
Leading edge
Pre cast concrete
Residential construction
93
1926.502(k) Fall protection plan

• (k)(1) The fall protection plan shall be prepared
  by a qualified person and developed specifically
  for the site ..where the residential
  construction work is being performed and the plan
  must be maintained up to date.

94
1926.501(k )Fall Protection Plan

• (k)(2) Any changes to the fall protection plan
  shall be approved by a qualified person.
• (k)(3) A copy of the fall protection plan with
  all approved changes shall be maintained at the
  job site.
• (k)(4) The implementation of the fall protection
  plan shall be under the supervision of a
  competent person.
• (k)(5) The fall protection plan shall document
  the reasons why the use of conventional fall
  protection systems (guardrail systems, personal
  fall arrest systems, or safety nets systems) are
  infeasible or why their use would create a
  greater hazard.
• STD says that it does not have to be in writing
  for residential sites

95
1926.501(k)Fall Protection Plan

• (k)(7) The fall protection plan shall identify
  each location where conventional fall protection
  methods cannot be used. These locations shall
  then be classified as controlled access zones.
• (k)(8) Where no other alternative measure has
  been implemented, the employer shall implement a
  safety monitoring system in conformance with
  1926.502(h).
• (k)(9) The fall protection plan must include a
  statement which provides the name or other method
  of identification for each employee who is
  designated to work in controlled access zones. No
  other employees may enter controlled access
  zones.

96
1926.502(k)Fall protection plan

• (k)(10) In the event an employee falls, or some
  other related, serious incident occurs, (e.g., a
  near miss) the employer shall investigate the
  circumstances of the fall or other incident to
  determine if the fall protection plan needs to be
  changed (e.g. new practices, procedures, or
  training) and shall implement those changes to
  prevent similar types of falls or incidents.

97
1926.503(a),(b),(c) Training requirements

• (a) Training Program
• (b) Certification of training
• (c) Retraining

98
TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

• The employer shall assure that each employee has
  been trained by a competent person in the
  following areas
• The nature of fall hazards in the work area
• The correct procedures for erecting,
  disassembling, and inspecting fall protection
  systems
• The use of guardrail systems, personal fall
  arrest systems, safety nets, warning lines,
  safety monitoring, and controlled access zones

99
TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

• The role of each employee in a safety monitoring
  system
• The correct procedures for the handling and
  storage of equipment and materials and the
  erection of overhead protection and
• The role of employees in fall protection plans.

100
TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

• Training must be CERTIFIED
• Written record must be prepared which provides
• Name of the person trained,
• Training date,
• Signature of the trainer or employer

101

• THE NEXT PART OF THIS PROGRAM DISCUSSES THE
  INTERIM GUIDELINES FOR RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION

102

• The fall protection plan portion is rather dry,
  so this may be a good place for a quick break
  before you get into the Interim Guidelines
  portion of the module.

103
OSHA Instruction STD 3-00-001 STD 3-0.1A -
Plain Language Revision of OSHA Instruction STD
3.1, Interim Fall Protection Compliance
Guidelines for Residential ConstructionEffective
date June 18, 1999
104
OSHA Instruction

• I. Purpose
• II. Scope
• III. Cancellation
• IV. Reference
• V. Action Information
• VI. Federal Program Change
• VII. Background
• VIII. Availability of Alternative Procedures

105
OSHA Instruction

• IX. Alternative Procedures for Group 1
  Installation of Floor Joists, Floor Sheathing
  Erecting Exterior Walls Setting and Bracing Roof
  Trusses and Rafters.
• X. Alternative Procedures for Group 2 Working on
  Concrete and Block Foundation Walls and Related
  Formwork.

106
OSHA Instruction

• XI. Alternative Procedures for Group 3 This
  Group Consists of the Following Activities When
  Performed in Attics and on Roofs Installing
  Drywall, Insulation, HVAC Systems, Electrical
  Systems, (Including alarms, telephone lines, and
  cable TV), Plumbing and Carpentry.

107
OSHA Instruction

• XII. Alternative Procedures for Group 4 Roofing
  Work (Removal, Repair, or Installation of
  Weatherproofing Roofing Materials Such as
  Shingles, Tile and Tar Paper).

108
OSHA Instruction Purpose

• This Instruction is a plain language re-write of
  OSHA Instruction STD 3.1, the Agency's interim
  enforcement policy on fall protection for certain
  residential construction activities.
• Permits employers engaged in certain residential
  construction activities to use alternative
  procedures routinely instead of conventional fall
  protection.

109
OSHA Instruction Purpose

• No showing of infeasibility of conventional fall
  protection is needed before using these
  procedures.
• A fall protection plan is required but it does
  not have to be written nor does it have to be
  specific to the jobsite.

110
OSHA Instruction Listed Activities and
Alternative Procedures

• FOUR GROUPS of residential construction
  activities
• GROUP 1. Installation of floor joists, floor
  sheathing, and roof sheathing erecting exterior
  walls setting and bracing roof trusses and
  rafters.
• GROUP 2. Working on concrete and block foundation
  walls and related formwork.
• .

111
OSHA Instruction Listed Activities and
Alternative Procedures

• GROUP 3. This group consists of the following
  activities when performed in attics and on roofs
  installing drywall, insulation, HVAC systems,
  electrical systems (including alarms, telephone
  lines, and cable TV), plumbing and carpentry
• GROUP 4. Roofing work (removal, repair, or
  installation of weatherproofing roofing materials
  such as shingles, tile and tar paper).

112
Alternative Procedures For Group 1

• Height Limitation The Appendix E plan may only
  be used on structures up to three and a half
  stories or 48 feet (including basement, two
  finished levels, attic).

113
Alternative Procedures For Group 1, A. General
Requirements

• General Requirements For Group 1 Activities.
• Training,
• Implementation/ Supervision By Designated
  Individuals,
• Controlled Access Zones,
• Plan Administration

114
Alternative Procedures For Group 1 Training

• The employer must ensure that the employees
• (1) understand the procedures and follow the
  instructions of the crew supervisor or foreman
• (2) are able to recognize unsafe/hazardous
  conditions and are to report them to the
  employer
• (3) can recognize when compliance with the Plan
  would create a greater hazard and are instructed
  to inform the Competent Person before proceeding.

115
Alternative Procedures For Group 1
Implementation/Supervision

• a. The employer must designate a Competent
  Person, who will be charged with implementing the
  Plan.
• b. The employer must designate a qualified
  person to approve any changes to the Plan.
• c. The employer must designate a crew supervisor
  or foreman and charge him or her with the
  responsibility of immediately correcting any
  unsafe practice or condition.

116
Alternative Procedures For Group 1 Controlled
Access Zones

• Group One activity (installation of floor joists,
  floor sheathing, roof sheathing erecting
  exterior walls setting and bracing roof trusses
  and rafters) must be done under a Controlled
  Access Zone (CAZ) that restricts access to a
  clearly designated area.

117
Alternative Procedures For Group 1 Plan
Administration

• The employer is required to enforce the Plan
  throughout the project and has the obligation to
  issue disciplinary warnings to employees for
  failure to follow requirements of the Plan.

118
Alternative Procedures For Group 1 Plan
Administration

• Responsibility for Changes and Review
• of the Fall Protection Plan is
• Assigned to the Qualified Person

119
Alternative Procedures For Group 1 Plan
Administration

• All accidents must be reported, investigated and
  documented.
• In the event of a fall or other serious
  incident, the Plan must be reviewed to determine
  if additional practices, procedures, or training
  needs to be implemented.

120
B. Additional Requirements for Group 1 Activities

• Installing Roof Trusses and Erecting Rafters
• Roof Sheathing Operations
• Installation of Floor Joists and Floor Sheathing
• Erection of Exterior Walls

121
B. Additional Requirements for Group 1
Installing Roof Trusses and Erecting Rafters

• Walls Up To 8 Feet
• Interior scaffolds must be installed along the
  interior wall, below the area where the
  trusses/rafters will be located. This can often
  be accomplished with "sawhorse" scaffolds
  constructed of 46 inch sawhorses and 2 x 10
  planks.

122
Standing on sawhorse scaffolding to install
trusses
123
Truss ErectionStanding on a wall bracket
124
B. Additional Requirements for Group 1
Installing Roof Trusses and Erecting Rafters

• Walls Over 8 Feet
• If using scaffolds and ladders throughout the
  process would create a greater hazard, the
  following general requirements and specific
  procedures apply.

125
B. Additional Requirements for Group 1
Installing Roof Trusses and Erecting Rafters

• (1). Walls over 8 feet. General requirements.
• Falling Objects/Restricted Access
• Once truss/rafter installation begins, workers
  not involved in that activity shall not stand or
  walk below or adjacent to the roof opening or
  exterior walls in any area where they could be
  struck by falling objects.

126
B. Additional Requirements for Group 1
Installing Roof Trusses and Erecting Rafters

• (b) Bracing
• Trusses/rafters must be adequately braced before
  any worker may use them as a support.
• Temporary Bracing must be put into place as
  stipulated by the truss manufacturer or engineer.

127

• Trusses are designed
• to support Loads that
• come from the top,
• Not lateral loads
• from the side

128
Temporary Truss Bracing

• Temporary bracing shall comply with the
  manufacturer or Wood Truss Council guidelines.

129
B. Additional Requirements for Group 1
Installing Roof Trusses and Erecting Rafters
130
Gable end bracing

131
The lack of proper bracing can have devastating
results!
132
The lack of proper bracing can have devastating
results!

• A crane is used to help sort out
  the pieces.

133
OPTIONS FOR SAFE INSTALLATION OF TRUSSES

• Use a bracket scaffold with a board on the inside
  wall
• Use a roof anchor
• Sheath and brace a portion of the roof and
  attach a roof anchor and PFAS to erect the other
  trusses
• Assemble the roof truss assembly on the ground
• Sheath and brace for stability. Use
  pre-assembled section as an anchor point for PFAS
  equipment.

134
B. Additional Requirements for Group 1
Installing Roof Trusses and Erecting Rafters

• (c) Designated, Trained Workers
• The employer must designate the trained workers
  who will work on the top plate, and those who
  will work on the peak.
• (d) Restricted DutiesTop plate workers shall
  have
• no other duties
• during truss/rafter
• erection.

135
B. Additional Requirements for Group 1
Installing Roof Trusses and Erecting Rafters
Working on the Top Plate

• (2) Procedures for working on the top plate.
• (a) Installing The First Two Trusses.The first
  two trusses/rafters must be set from ladders. The
  ladders must lean on side walls at points where
  the walls can support the load imposed by the
  ladder and worker. After the first two
  trusses/rafters have been set, a worker will
  climb a ladder onto the interior top plate to
  secure their peaks.

136
B. Additional Requirements for Group 1
Installing Roof Trusses and Erecting Rafters,
Working on the Top Plate

• Workers will remain on the top plate and use the
  previously stabilized trusses/rafters as support
  while the other trusses/rafters are erected.

137
FALL PROTECTION DURING TRUSS ERECTION

• Fall Protection Requirements
• Trusses, even when provided with temporary
  bracing cannot be used as an anchor system for a
  fall protection system.
• Workers must either hold onto or stand on the
  ceiling joists, or stand in the webs of joists
  which are upright and safety secured.
• Workers might also stand on secured and braced
  trusses or rafters.

138
SAFE WORK PRACTICES DURING TRUSS ERECTION

• Trusses should be spread lying down, or pushed to
  the installers by someone standing on the deck
  below with a 2 X 4.
• Installers can walk on the spread flat trusses on
  the top plate with more to support a fall than
  just walking on the top plate itself.
• WALKING ON THE
• EXTERIOR WALLS IS NOT ALLOWED.

139
B. Group 1 Installing Roof Trusses and Erecting
RaftersProcedures for Working at the Peak

• (a.) Workers detaching trusses from cranes or
  securing trusses at the peaks may be positioned
  at the peak of the trusses/rafters.
• Workers may be stationed on the top of the ridge
  beam where that is the only feasible way to
  secure rafters to the ridge beam.

140
B. Group 1 Installing Roof Trusses and Erecting
RaftersProcedures for Working at the Peak

• (b) Stable Work PositionWorkers at the peak, in
  the web of trusses, or on top of the ridge beam
  shall work from a stable position. They must
  either sit on a ridge seat (or the equivalent) or
  position themselves in previously stabilized
  trusses/rafters and lean into, and reach through,
  the trusses/rafters.
• (c) Limited Fall Hazard Exposure.Workers must
  not remain on or in the peak/ridge any longer
  than necessary to complete the task safely.

141
B. Group 1 Installing Roof Trusses and Erecting
RaftersProcedures for Working at the Peak
142
Placement of Trusses with a crane
143
B. Group 1 Roof Sheathing Operations

• The competent person must determine when the roof
  system is stable enough to support a conventional
  fall protection system anchorage.

144
Roof Sheathing Competent person has determined
that the sheathing that has been laid in place
creates an anchor point so a PFAS (vertical
lifeline) system is being used
145
B. Group 1 2. Roof Sheathing
Operations

• a. Qualified Workers.Only qualified workers
  shall install roof sheathing.

• b. Employer must ensure secure footing and watch
  the weather.
• Limit slip hazards by removing mud from shoes or
  boots.
• Suspend work when wet weather is present.
• Suspend work when winds exceed 40 miles per
  hour, unless wind breakers are erected.

146
B. Additional Requirements for Group 1 Roof
Sheathing Operations

• c. Staging of Materials.Materials must be
  staged so that workers on the roof have quick and
  safe access to them.
• Falling Objects/Restricted Access.Workers not
  involved in roof sheathing shall not stand or
  walk below or adjacent to the roof opening or
  exterior walls where they could be struck by
  falling objects.

147
B. Group 1 Roof Sheathing Operations

• The competent person shall clearly designate the
  restricted area before placement of the first
  piece of sheathing.
• Work may be briefly halted to allow other
  workers to pass through the restricted area, as
  long as suspending work does not create a greater
  hazard.
• The area where sheathing is taking place is
  called a Controlled Access Zone.

148
FALL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS DURING ROOF
SHEATHINGInstallation of slide guards
149
B. Additional Requirements for Group 1
Roof Sheathing Operations

• e. Slide Guards.
• -- Bottom Row The bottom row of roof sheathing
  may be installed by workers standing in truss
  webs and leaning over the sheathing. After the
  bottom row is installed, a slide guard of at
  least four (4) inches nominal in height shall be
  securely attached to the roof. It must extend
  across the full width of the roof.
• -- Slide Guard Intervals Roof Pitch Up To (and
  including) 9 in 12 Additional slide guards are
  required at 13 foot intervals as successive rows
  of sheathing are installed.
• -- Slide Guard Intervals Roof Pitch Over 9 in
  12 Additional slide guards are required at four
  foot intervals.

150
Slide guard placement during roof sheathing
151
Slide guards used during roof sheathing work
152
B. Additional Requirements for Group 1
Installation of Floor Joists and Floor
Sheathing.

• eeeeee

153
B. Additional Requirements for Group 1
3. Installation of Floor Joists and
Floor Sheathing.

• a. Designated, Trained Workers.The employer
  must designate the trained workers who will do
  this work.
• b. Staging of Materials.To minimize exposure to
  fall hazards, materials must be staged so that
  workers have quick and safe access to them.
• c. Restricted Access.While this work is taking
  place, workers not directly assisting in it shall
  not be permitted within six (6) feet of the
  leading edge.

154
B. Additional Requirements for Group 1
3. Installation of Floor Joists and Floor
Sheathing.

• d. Installation Process Floor Joists/Trusses.The
  first floor joist or truss must be rolled into
  position and secured by workers on the ground,
  ladders, or sawhorse scaffolds. Successive
  joists/trusses must be rolled into place. They
  are then to be secured from a platform. The
  platform is to be built from a sheet of plywood
  laid over the previously secured floor joists or
  trusses.
• e. Installation Process Floor Sheathing.The
  first row of floor sheathing must be installed by
  workers on the ground, ladders, or sawhorse
  scaffolds. After the first row of sheathing has
  been installed, workers shall work from the
  established deck.

155
Floor joists
156
Floor sheathing
157
B. Additional Requirements for Group 1Erection
of Exterior Walls.

• a. Designated, Trained WorkersThe employer must
  designate the trained workers who will do this
  work.
• b. Warning LineA painted warning line six (6)
  feet from the perimeter will be clearly marked
  before any wall erection activities take place.
• NOTE As discussed above, this work must be done
  within a CAZ. A crew supervisor/foreman is
  required to monitor this work and warn anyone who
  approaches the unprotected edge. The warning line
  does not replace the monitor it is an additional
  safety measure.

158
B. Additional Requirements for Group1
Erection of Exterior Walls.

• c. Staging of MaterialsTo minimize exposure to
  fall hazards, materials must be staged so that
  workers have quick and safe access to them.
• Limit Fall Hazard ExposureWorkers constructing
  exterior walls shall complete as much cutting of
  materials and other preparatory work as possible
  away from the edge of the deck.

159
Erection of exterior walls

• Oiuuyytr

160
Erection of exterior walls
161
X. Alternative Procedures for Group 2 Working on
Concrete and Block Foundation Walls and Related
Formwork.
162
X. Alternative Procedures for Group 2 Working on
Concrete and Block Foundation Walls and Related
Formwork

• Trained Workers Only
• Only trained workers shall be allowed to work on
  the top of the foundation wall/form work, and
  only as necessary to complete the construction of
  the wall.
• b. Adequate SupportAll formwork shall be
  adequately supported before any worker may work
  on top of the form work.

163
X. Alternative Procedures for Group 2 Working on
Concrete and Block Foundation Walls and Related
Formwork

• c. Bad WeatherWhen adverse weather (such as high
  winds, rain, snow, or sleet) creates a hazardous
  condition, operations shall be suspended until
  the hazardous condition no longer exists.
• d. Staging of Materials/EquipmentMaterials and
  equipment for the work shall be conveniently
  located to the workers on the top of the
  foundation/formwork.
• e. Impalement HazardsMaterials and other objects
  which could pose impalement hazards shall be kept
  out of the area below where workers are working
  or shall be properly guarded.

164
XI. Alternative Procedures for Group 3 This
Group Consists Of The Following Activities When
Performed In Attics And On Roofs Installing
Drywall, Insulation, HVAC Systems, Electrical
Systems (Including Alarms, Telephone Lines, And
Cable TV), Plumbing And Carpentry
165
XI. Alternative Procedures for Group 3

• a. Trained Workers OnlyOnly trained workers
  shall be allowed to work in attics and on roofs,
  and only as necessary to complete the
  construction of the system being installed.
• b. Staging of MaterialsMaterials and equipment
  for the work shall be located conveniently close
  to the workers.
• c. Impalement HazardsMaterials and other objects
  which could pose impalement hazards shall be keep
  out of the area below where workers are working,
  or properly guarded.

166
XI. Alternative Procedures for Group 3

• d. Restricted AccessWhile attic or roof work is
  in progress, workers not involved in such work
  shall not stand or walk below or adjacent to any
  openings in the ceiling where they could be
  struck by falling objects.
• e. Bad WeatherWhen adverse weather (such as high
  winds, rain, snow, or sleet) creates a hazardous
  condition, operations shall be suspended until
  the hazardous condition no longer exists.

167
XI. Alternative Procedures for Group 3

• NOTE The provisions of this Instruction do not
  apply to interior finishing work when done
  outside of attics or roofs areas. Subpart M
  applies to such work with respect to stairways,
  stairway openings, walkways, floor or window
  openings, floor holes or other elevated openings
  or open sides.

168
Alternative Procedures For Group 4 Roofing Work
(Removal, Repair, Or Installation Of
Weatherproofing Roofing Materials Such As
Shingles, Tile And Tar Paper)

• Restriction on Application for Roofing Work. The
  alternative procedures in this Instruction may
  only be used for this work where (a) the roof
  slope is 8 in 12 or less, and (b) the fall
  distance, measured from the eave to the ground
  level, is 25 feet or less.

169
Of the 1,774 fatal falls from buildings, which
occurred from 1990 to 1994 1,230 (69) were
falls through or from a roof.Falls were
greatest in companies having less than 12
employees.

170
ROOFER FALL STATISTICS

• Roofers have the fifth highest work-related death
  rate in construction.
• 19.9 deaths per 100,000 full-time equivalent
  workers, about twice the average for all
  construction of 15.2.
• About 50 roofers are killed on the job each year,
  most by falls. In the residential roofer, falls
  from roof edges accounted for 70 of work-related
  deaths and 90 of roof fall deaths.
• Residential roofers had almost twice the
  percentage of fatal falls from ladders compared
  to all roofers, probably because ladders are used
  more often in residential work.

171
Alternative Procedures For Group 4 A. General
Requirements

• Only workers who have been trained to be
  proficient in the alternative methods of fall
  protection shall be allowed onto the roof.
• The roof surfaces shall be inspected for slipping
  hazards and either eliminate them or have workers
  avoid them. The employer shall have workers wear
  appropriate footwear to reduce the potential for
  slipping.

172
Alternative Procedures For Group 4 A. General
Requirements

• 3. Roofing operations shall be suspended when
  adverse weather (such as high winds, rain, snow,
  or sleet) creates a hazardous condition.
• 4. The employer shall have any damaged portions
  of the roof deck repaired as soon as practicable.
  Any holes (including skylight openings) or other
  areas where employees would not have safe footing
  shall be covered or surrounded by guardrails that
  comply with the requirements of 1926.502.

173
Alternative Procedures For Group 4 A. General
Requirements

• 5. If ladders or scaffolds are used, they shall
  be erected and maintained in accordance with the
  requirements of Subparts X and L of OSHA's
  construction standards.
• 6. Employers shall not allow workers to ascend or
  descend the roof's slope within 6 feet of the
  rake edge except where that limitation would
  prevent the performance of work.

174
Alternative Procedures For Group 4 A. General
Requirements

• 7. Supplies and materials shall not be stored
  within 6 feet of the rake edge, or three feet
  where tile roof systems are being installed.
• 8.The area below the eaves and rakes shall be
  kept clear of materials and other objects which
  could pose impalement or other hazards, or
  properly guarded.

175
Alternative Procedures For Group 4 B. Safety
Monitors and Slide Guards

• Roof Slope (Any Roof Type) Up to 4 in 12. The
  employer must use either a safety monitoring
  system that complies with 1926.502, or roofing
  slide guards.
• Roof Slope (Except Tile or Metal Roofs) Over 4
  in 12 (and up to 8 in 12) Slide guards are
  required.
• 3. Roof Slope (Tile or Metal Roofs) Up to (and
  including) 8 in 12 The safety monitoring system
  may be used instead of slide guards

176
Alternative Procedures For Group 4 B. Safety
Monitors and Slide Guards

• 4. Roof Slope (Any Roof Type) Over 8 in 12
• Alternatives to the requirements of the
  standards are not available.
• 5. Eave Height Over 25 feet (Any Slope, Any Roof
  Type)
• Alternatives to the requirements of the
  standards are not available.

177
Alternative Procedures For Group 4 B.
Installation of the Slide Guards

• Roof Slope 6 in 12 or less
• a. Material. All slide guards must be constructed
  of 2"x 6" (nominal) stock.
• b. Installation. No more than three rows of
  roofing material (installed across the lower
  eave) shall be applied before installing the
  slide guards. The roof jacks (or similar
  supports) shall be installed using nails long
  enough to withstand an employee sliding into the
  guard.
• c. Configuration. The face of the slide guard
  must be perpendicular (about 90 degrees) to the
  surface of the roof. There must be continuous
  slide guards along the eave.

178
Alternative Procedures For Group 4 B.
Installation of the Slide Guards

• Roof Slope Over 6 in 12 (up to and including 8
  in 12)
• a. Material 2"x 6" stock.
• b. Installation Continuous slide guards shall be
  installed along the eave, as described above.
  Additional slide guards shall be installed below
  each work area at intervals not to exceed eight
  feet. They shall be installed using the following
  procedure the employee, while standing on the
  slide guard below, secures the roof jacks for the
  next slide guard with nails and then installs the
  planks. The employee then climbs up to the new
  slide guard to continue the roofing work. This
  sequence is repeated as work proceeds up the
  roof.

179
Alternative Procedures For Group 4 B.
Installation of the Slide Guards

• c. Configuration The continuous slide guards at
  the eave must be at about 90 degrees to the roof
  surface, as described above. The additional slide
  guards need not be continuous -- but they must be
  long enough to protect the work area. They do not
  have to be at 90 degrees to the roof surface.
• d. Removal Once the roofing material is
  installed to the ridge, the employee is to climb
  down to the next lower slide guard and remove the
  upper slide guard. The employee repeats this
  process down the roof until all the slide guards
  are removed. Only when the roofing job is
  completed may the slide guards at the eave be
  removed.

180
Slide guards for roofing work
181
Slide guards for roofing work
182
Fall protection for roofing work using
conventional means
183
Roof Work Use of conventional means of fall
protection.
184
CONCLUSION

• This training module has provided a review of the
  fall protection regulation and the OSHA
  Instruction which outlines the requirements for
  fall protection while working on a residential
  work site.

185
Topics Covered

• Overview of Regulation
• Scope and Application and Definitions
• Competent and Qualified Persons
• 15 Duties to Provide Fall Protection
• Fall Protection Systems and Criteria
• Fall Protection Plans
• Training

186
Topics Covered

• OSHA Instruction 03-00-001
• Group 1 Framers
• Group 2 Formwork
• Group 3 In attic and roofs
• Group 4 Roofers
• Fall Arrest Equipment

187
JOB SITE SAFETY

• Employers have a responsibility to ensure the
  safety or their workers. This is done by
• Establishing a safety and health program
• Preplanning job site activities
• Knowing and following the OSHA rules
• Communicating work rules
• Holding employees accountable
• Designating competent and qualified persons
• Training workers
• Supplying the proper fall protection
  means/equipment
• Doing frequent and regular inspections of the job
  site

188
ANY QUESTIONS?
189
The End

• Thank you to the Cleveland, Toledo, and
  Cincinnati Area Office Staff for their
  assistance, as well as the LEP Training
  Committee.
• Among many sources used in this document is the
  NAHB Booklet, and materials from the Wood Truss
  Council.
• Every reasonable effort has been made to prepare
  this document using the most current, correct,
  and clearly expressed information possible.
  However, inadvertent errors may occur. The Ohio
  OSHA On-Site Consultation Program disclaims any
  responsibility for typographical errors and the
  accuracy of the information contained in this
  document. The information and data included in
  this document have been compiled by the Ohio OSHA
  On-Site Consultation staff from a variety of
  sources that are subject to change without
  notice. The Ohio OSHA On-Site Consultation
  Program makes no warranties or representations
  whatsoever regarding the quality, content,
  completeness, suitability, adequacy, sequence,
  accuracy, or timeliness of such information and
  data.