Cocineal bugs covered with white, waxy secretions infesting opuntia cactus

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Cocineal bugs (covered with white, waxy
secretions) infesting opuntia cactus
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Silver impregnation
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Tight junction (zonula occludens)
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Tight junction (zonula occludens)
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Keratin
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Keratin red Desmoplakin green yellow color
from red/green overlap DNA blue
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Adherens junction
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Gap junction
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Cilia
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Microvilli
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http//www.fbs.leeds.ac.uk/research/contractility/
titin.htm
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Ca 2 ions are stored in the sarcoplasmic
reticulum (SR)
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Neuromuscular junction
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Motor Units
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Organization of the nervous system

• Central nervous system (CNS)
• Brain spinal cord
• Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
• Cranial spinal nerves
• Sensory (afferent) division
• Somatic sensory
• Visceral sensory
• Motor (efferent) division
• Somatic (voluntary) motor
• Autonomic (involuntary) nervous system (Visceral
  motor)
• Sympathetic
• Parasympathetic

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Figure 12.10c
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Meninges
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in subarachnoid space
Figure 12.24a
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Figure 12.26
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Figure 12.31b
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Figure 12.32
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PNS - autonomic division
Somatic motor
Visceral motor
Figure 14.2
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Craniosacral origin Ganglia located in or near
visceral effector organs (intramural or terminal
ganglia)
Thoracolumbar origin Ganglia located in
sympathetic chain (close to spinal cord) or in
prevertebral (collateral) ganglia (near aorta)
Figure 14.3
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PNS ANS parasympathetic division
Craniosacral origin Ganglia located in or near
visceral effector organs (intramural or terminal
ganglia)
Figure 14.4
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PNS ANS sympathetic division
Thoracolumbar origin Ganglia located in
sympathetic chain (close to spinal cord) or in
prevertebral (collateral) ganglia (near aorta)
Figure 14.5
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• Formed Elements
• Erythrocytes
• anucleate, biconcave
• Hemoglobin (Hb) O2 transport
• anaerobic

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Oxyhemoglobin Deoxyhemoglobin Carbaminohemoglobin

• Formed Elements
• Erythrocytes
• Hemoglobin (Hb)

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• Formed Elements
• Erythrocytes hemopoiesis (hematopoiesis)

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Formed Elements 2. Leukocytes
Figure 17.9
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• Formed Elements
• 2. Leukocytes Granulocytes Neutrophils
• fine granules
• lilac cytoplasm
• polymorphonuclear
• phagocytose bacteria some fungi

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• Formed Elements
• 2. Leukocytes Granulocytes Eosinophils
• 2-lobed nucleus
• large granules
• phagocytose antigen-antibody complexes
• gang up on parasitic worms

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• Formed Elements
• 2. Leukocytes Granulocytes Basophils
• large, dark granules
• histamine
• U or S shaped nucleus with constrictions

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• Formed Elements
• 2. Leukocytes Agranulocytes Lymphocytes
• large, purple, roundish nucleus
• majority found in lymphoid tissues
• T cells B cells

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• Formed Elements
• 2. Leukocytes Agranulocytes Monocytes
• U or kidney shaped nucleus
• macrophages
• phagocytic

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Formed Elements 2. Leukocytes - leukopoiesis
hormonal control cytokines (interleukins
colony stimulating factors) released during
immune response
Figure 17.11
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Formed Elements 3. Platelets fragments of
large Megakaryocytes
myelinoid stem cell
Figure 17.12
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Cardia
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Fundus
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Pyloric region
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Duodenum
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Jejunum
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Jejunum
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Jejunum
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Lacteals
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Ileum
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Crypts of Lieberkuhn
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Paneth cells
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Renal Hormonal Mechanisms
Figure 19.9
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