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Nutrition And Aging

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Total fat 20 to 35% with most fats from fish, nuts, and vegetable oils. ... Low in saturated fat. Low in sodium. High in potassium. High in fiber. MyPyramid ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Nutrition And Aging


1
Nutrition And Aging
  • Provided Courtesy of www.RD411.com

Review Date 11/07 G-0510
2
Physiological Changes Associated with Aging
  • Changes in body composition
  • Decline in immune system
  • Changes in GI tract
  • Dental problems
  • Sensory losses

3
Other Issues for Older Adults
  • Eating alone
  • Changes in support system and/or environment
  • Polypharmacy

4
Nutrients of Concern for Older Adults
  • Fluid
  • Calories
  • Protein
  • Fat
  • Fiber
  • Folate
  • B12
  • Calcium
  • Vitamin D
  • Zinc

5
Energy Nutrient Needs
  • Water
  • Energy
  • Protein
  • Whole grains and fiber-rich foods
  • Fat
  • Vitamins and minerals

6
Health Concerns of Older Adults
  • Cancer
  • Heart Disease
  • Hypertension
  • Diabetes
  • Osteoporosis
  • Macular Degeneration/ vision problems
  • Arthritis
  • Alzheimers disease

7
Nutrition-Related Diseases Common in Older Adults
  • 1.Vision problems
  • Cataracts
  • thickening of eye lens
  • macular degeneration
  • deterioration of center of retina responsible for
    straight-ahead vision
  • Antioxidants in foods may be protective against
    vision loss

8
Nutrition-Related Diseases Common in Older Adults
  • 2. Arthritis
  • Osteoarthritis
  • cushioning cartilage in joint
  • breaks down
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • disease of immune system with painful
    inflammation of joints
  • Being overweight can affect arthritis

9
Nutrition-Related Diseases Common in Older Adults
  • 3. Alzheimers
  • Use foods rather than vitamin supplements.
  • Foods that may help prevent Alzheimers disease
    include
  • Vitamin E
  • Omega-3 fatty acids
  • Unhydrogenated, unsaturated fats

Source Diet and Alzheimers What the Research
Shows. http//www.medscape.com/viewarticle/466037_
print
10
Nutrition-Related Diseases Common in Older Adults
  • 4. Osteoporosis
  • Loss of bone density, resulting in fractures
  • More common in women than men
  • Diet and exercise can help treat osteoporosis but
    may not prevent it in older adults

11
Calcium Sources
  • Milk
  • Yogurt
  • Cottage cheese
  • Calcium-fortified juices and cereals
  • Kale
  • Broccoli
  • Bok choy
  • Fortified soy beverage
  • Canned fish with bones

12
Promoting Bone Formation (all ages)
  • Participate in weight bearing activities
  • Avoid smoking
  • Consume calcium-rich foods or supplements
  • Consume adequate vitamin D

13
Calcium Requirements
  • AGE CALCIUM EQUIVALENT
  • (mg/day) (dairy servings/day)
  • 9-18 years 1,300 4
  • 19-50 years 1,000 3
  • 50 years 1,200 4
  • Source Institute of Medicine, National Academy
    of Sciences, Dietary Reference Intakes 1997

14
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15
Eating Patterns Recommended for Older Adults
  • For disease prevention and for management of
    chronic diseases, there are several similar
    dietary recommendations
  • Dietary Guidelines for Americans
  • Food Guide Pyramid
  • DASH Eating Pattern

16
Dietary Guidelines 2005
  • Adequate nutrients within calorie needs
  • Weight management
  • Physical activity
  • Food groups to encourage
  • Fats
  • Carbohydrates
  • Sodium and potassium
  • Alcoholic beverages
  • Food safety
  • www. healthierus.gov

17
Adequate Nutrients Within Calorie Needs
  • Consume nutrient-dense foods and beverages within
    the basic food groups while choosing foods that
    limit saturated and trans fat, cholesterol, added
    sugars, salt, and alcohol.
  • DASH healthy eating pattern
  • Food Guide Pyramid

18
Weight Management
  • To maintain weight in a healthy range, balance
    calories eaten with calories expended.
  • To prevent gradual weight gain over time, make
    small decreases in food calories and increase
    physical activity

19
Physical Activity
  • Older adults should participate in regular
    physical activity to reduce functional declines
    associated with aging
  • Engage in at least 30 minutes of moderate
    intensity physical activity most days of the
    week
  • More exercise is recommended for weight loss

20
Food Groups To Encourage
  • Sufficient fruits vegetables while meeting
    energy needs.
  • 2000 calories 2 c. fruit, 2½ c. vegetables
  • Choose a variety of fruits and vegetables.
  • Eat 3 oz.equivalents of whole grains daily at
    least half whole grains (rest enriched).
  • 3 cups/day of fat-free or low-fat milk or
    equivalent

21
Fats
  • lt 10 of calories from saturated fats
  • lt 300 mg/day of cholesterol
  • Total fat 20 to 35 with most fats from fish,
    nuts, and vegetable oils.
  • Choose meat, poultry, and milk or milk products
    that are lean, low-fat, or fat-free.
  • Limit fats and oils high in saturated and/or
    trans fatty acids.
  • Use liquid oils over solid fats when possible

22
What are Fats and Oils?
  • Oils contain monounsaturated or polyunsaturated
    fats, and are usually low in saturated fats
  • Oils are fats that are
  • liquid at room temperature
  • come from plants and fish

23
Foods That Are Mainly Oil
  • Mayonnaise, some salad dressings, and soft (tub
    or squeeze) margarine with no trans fats
  • A number of foods are naturally high in oils
  • nuts
  • olives
  • some fish
  • avocados

24
Solid Fats
  • Solid at room temperature
  • Often come from animal foods
  • May be are result of hydrogenation of
    vegetable oils, resulting in trans fats

25
Carbohydrates
  • Fiber-rich fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
  • Choose less added sugars or caloric sweeteners,
    such as amounts suggested by the DASH plan and
    the Food Guide Pyramid.
  • Consume fewer foods and beverages that contain
    sugar

26
Sodium and Potassium
  • Consume lt 2,300 mg (1 tsp. salt) of sodium per
    day.
  • Choose and prepare foods with little salt.
    Consume potassium-rich foods, such as fruits and
    vegetables.

27
Alcoholic Beverages
  • If you drink alcohol, do so in moderation up to
    one drink per day for women and up to two drinks
    per day for men.
  • Alcohol should be avoided by individuals engaging
    in activities that require attention, skill, or
    coordination.

28
DASH Eating Pattern
  • A diet pattern that meets the Dietary Guidelines
    for Americans
  • High in fruit vegetables
  • Low in saturated fat
  • Low in sodium
  • High in potassium
  • High in fiber

29
MyPyramid
  • Activity
    Proportionality
  • Moderation Variety
  • Personalization Gradual


    Improvement

30
(No Transcript)
31
Nutrition for Aging
  • Follow the DASH eating pattern or the Food Guide
    Pyramid
  • Enjoy whole grains, fruits and vegetable,s and
    low-fat dairy products daily in recommended
    portions
  • Exercise at least 30 minutes most days of the
    week
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