Ren Descartes 15961650

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• Hermann von Helmholtz c. 1850
• Ernst Weber c. 1840
• Gustav Fechner c. 1860
• Franciscus Donders c. 1865
• Wilhelm Wundt c. 1879 d. 1920
• voluntarism
• Edward Titchener c. 1899 d. 1927
• structuralism
• Oswald Kulpe c. 1894 d. 1915
• Imageless thought