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Literary Terms

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Title: Literary Terms


1
Literary Terms
  • We will be using these literary terms throughout
    the school year.
  • There WILL be literary terms used on your FINAL
    EXAMS in May!!
  • You need to keep up with your notes. Dont lose
    your terms! You might be able to use them
  • be RESPONSIBLE!!

2
We will use the following terms
  • Character Antagonist Protagonist
  • Diction Denotation Connotation
  • Imagery Mood Plot
  • Exposition Rising Action Climax
  • Falling Action Resolution Conflict
  • Flashback Foreshadowing Suspense
  • Point of View Setting Style
  • Theme Tone Figures of Speech
  • Metaphor Simile Oxymoron
  • Personification Alliteration

3
Character
  • A character is a person or an animal that takes
    part in the action of a literary work.

4
Antagonist
  • The Antagonist is a character or force in
    conflict with a main character, or protagonist.

5
Do you know your Antagonists???
  • On your paper take a few minutes to write down
    some Antagonists that you can recall from movies,
    television shows, and video games
  • Remember the Antagonist is in conflict with the
    Protagonist or, main character!
  • Helpful hint you should now know why people use
    the saying Dont antagonize me!

6
Protagonist
  • The Protagonist is the main character in a
    literary work
  • Can you name some famous Protagonists that are
    found in literature?

7
Diction
  • Diction is the manner in which we express words
    the wording used.
  • Diction enunciation
  • Some easy examples are
  • Dont say goin say going, Dont
    say wanna say want to

8
Denotation
  • The denotation of a word is its dictionary
    meaning, independent of other associations that
    the word may have.

9
Connotation
  • The connotation of a word is the set of ideas
    associated with it in addition to its explicit
    meaning. The connotation of a word can be
    personal, based on individual experiences. More
    often, cultural connotations those recognizable
    by most people in a group determine a writers
    word choices.

10
Denotation versus Connotation
  • Some examples
  • Cheap is low in cost (denotation) but stingy
    or poorly made are the connotations of cheap

11
  • Lets use the word HOT
  • The denotation (or dictionary definition
    remember d in denotation dictionary) of HOT
    is having a temperature higher than that of a
    human body.
  • However, when you say Man! He/She is hot!, are
    you saying Man! He is having a temperature
    higher than that of a human body!? No!!
  • You are saying the CONNOTATION of HOT which
    could mean a variety of things man he/she is
    cute, attractive, beautiful, and many other
    meanings those come from personal experiences
    and cultural meanings, etc.

12
Imagery
  • Imagery is words or phrases that appeal to one or
    more of the five senses. Writers use imagery to
    describe how their subjects look, sound, feel,
    taste, and smell.

13
MOOD
  • Mood, or atmosphere, is the feeling created in
    the reader by a literary work or passage.
    Writers use many devices to create mood,
    including images, dialogue, setting, and plot.
    Often, a writer creates a mood at the beginning
    of a work and then sustains the mood throughout.
    Sometimes, however, the mood of the work changes
    dramatically.

14
Plot
  • Plot is the sequence of events. The first event
    causes the second, the second causes the third,
    and so forth.
  • In most novels, dramas, short stories, and
    narrative poems, the plot involves both
    characters and a central conflict.
  • The plot usually begins with an exposition that
    introduces the setting, the characters, and the
    basic situation. This is introduced and
    developed. The conflict then increases until it
    reaches a high point of interest or suspense, the
    climax. The climax is followed by the falling
    action, or end, of the central conflict. Any
    events that occur during the falling action make
    up the resolution.

15
PLOTLINE
Climax
Rising Action
Falling Action
Resolution
Exposition
Conflict Introduced
16
Exposition
  • The Exposition is the introduction. It is the
    part of the work that introduces the characters,
    setting, and basic situation.

17
Rising Action
  • Rising Action is the part of the plot that begins
    to occur as soon as the conflict is introduced.
    The rising action adds complications to the
    conflict and increases reader interest.

18
Climax
  • The Climax is the point of greatest emotional
    intensity, interest, or suspense in the plot of a
    narrative. The climax typically comes at the
    turning point in a story or drama.

19
Falling Action
  • Falling Action is the action that typically
    follows the climax and reveals its results.

20
Resolution
  • The Resolution is the part of the plot that
    concludes the falling action by revealing or
    suggesting the outcome of the conflict.

21
Conflict
  • Conflict is the struggle between opposing forces
    in a story or play. There are two types of
    conflict that exist in literature.

22
External Conflict
  • External conflict exists when a character
    struggles against some outside force, such as
    another character, nature, society, or fate.
  • Man vs. Man
  • Man vs. Nature

23
Internal Conflict
  • Internal conflict exists within the mind of a
    character who is torn between different courses
    of action.
  • Man vs. Himself

24
Flashback
  • A flashback is a literary device in which an
    earlier episode, conversation, or event is
    inserted into the sequence of events. Often
    flashbacks are presented as a memory of the
    narrator or of another character.

25
Flashback continued
  • The movie Titanic is told almost entirely in a
    flashback.
  • What are some other films that contain flashback
    to help tell stories?
  • Holes
  • Willy Wonka
  • Think of some more

26
Foreshadowing
  • Foreshadowing is the authors use of clues to
    hint at what might happen later in the story.
    Writers use foreshadowing to build their readers
    expectations and to create suspense. This is
    used to help readers prepare for what is to come.

27
Can you think of an element of foreshadowing?
28
Suspense
  • Suspense is the growing interest and excitement
    readers experience while awaiting a climax or
    resolution in a work of literature. It is a
    feeling of anxious uncertainty about the outcome
    of events. Writers create suspense by raising
    questions in the minds of their readers.

29
Point of View
  • Point of View is the perspective, or vantage
    point, from which a story is told. It is the
    relationship of the narrator to the story.
  • First-person is told by a character who uses the
    first-person pronoun I.
  • Third-person limited point of view is the point
    of view where the narrator uses third-person
    pronouns such as he and she to refer to the
    characters.

30
Setting
  • The setting of a literary work is the time and
    place of the action.
  • The setting includes all the details of a place
    and time the year, the time of day, even the
    weather. The place may be a specific country,
    state, region, community, neighborhood, building,
    institution, or home.
  • Details such as dialect, clothing, customs, and
    modes of transportation are often used to
    establish setting.
  • In most stories, the setting serves as a backdrop
    a context in which the characters interact.
    The setting of a story often helps to create a
    particular mood, or feeling.

31
Style
  • Style is the distinctive way in which an author
    uses language.
  • Word choice, phrasing, sentence length, tone,
    dialogue, purpose, and attitude toward the
    audience and subject can all contribute to an
    authors writing style.

32
Theme
  • The theme of a literary work is its central
    message, concern, or purpose. A theme can
    usually be expressed as a generalization, or
    general statement, about people or life. The
    theme may be stated directly by the writer
    although it is more often presented indirectly.
    When the theme is stated indirectly, the reader
    must figure out the theme by looking carefully at
    what the work reveals about the people or about
    life.

33
Tone
  • Tone is a reflection of a writers or speakers
    attitude toward a subject of a poem, story, or
    other literary work. Tone may be communicated
    through words and details that express particular
    emotions and that evoke and emotional response
    from the reader.
  • For example, word choice or phrasing may seem to
    convey respect, anger, lightheartedness, or
    sarcasm.

34
Figures of Speech
  • A figure of speech is a specific device or kind
    of figurative language, such as hyperbole,
    metaphor, personification, simile, or
    understatement.
  • Figurative language is used for descriptive
    effect, often to imply ideas indirectly. It is
    not meant to be taken literally. Figurative
    language is used to state ideas in vivid and
    imaginative ways.

35
Metaphor
  • A Metaphor is a type of speech that compares or
    equates two or more things that have something in
    common. A metaphor does NOT use like or as.
  • Example Life is a bowl
  • of cherries.

36
Simile
  • A Simile is another figure of speech that
    compares seemingly unlike things. Similes DO
    use the words like or as.
  • Example Her voice was like nails on a
    chalkboard.

37
Oxymoron
  • An Oxymoron is a figure of speech that is a
    combination of seemingly contradictory words.
  • Examples Same difference
  • Pretty ugly
  • Roaring silence

38
Personification
  • Personification is a figure of speech in which an
    animal, object, force of nature, or idea is given
    human qualities or characteristics.
  • Example Tears began to fall from the dark
    clouds.

39
Alliteration
  • Alliteration is the repetition of sounds, most
    often consonant sounds, at the beginning of
    words. Alliteration gives emphasis to words.
  • Example Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled
    peppers
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