What are the genetic determinants of hypertension in outbred populations What genes are linked with

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What are the genetic determinants of hypertension
in outbred populations? What genes are linked
with HT?

• Kyle Morris
• MM4

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Abstract

• Hypertension is caused from multiple influences.
• External Factors
• Internal Physiology
• Genetics

Chronic elevation of blood pressure 90 mm Hg
diastolic 140 mm Hg systolic
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Nature vs. Nurture
- Salty intake - Poor Diet - Obesity - Lack
of exercise
- Gene 235T and 174M correlation between HT and
these alleles found.
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There are always buts
But - Studies of ethnic groups show even with a
higher incidence of the allele 235T do not always
necessarily have hypertension
- This could suggest that HT is genetically
influenced but is not mono-genetic
http//www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID000874C
6-84ED-1CD6-B4A8809EC588EEDF
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Poly-genetic Secondary Hypertension
- Plausible places of error Secondary
Hypertension Arterial Side caused by
increased Cardiac Output Polymorphisms in beta
andrenergic receptors Explain! Glu
deletion/insertion 297-309, chr. 2 Arg389Gly,
Ser49Gly, chr. 10 Arg16Gly, Gln27Glu, chr. 5
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Just Relax
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Poly-genetic Secondary Hypertension
- Plausible places of error Secondary
Hypertension Venous Side caused by increased
Blood Volume Unnecessary aldosterone release by
adrenal gland Salt retention leads to water
retention ? Increased BV Aldosterone synthase,
C-344T, Chr. 8 note also relates to renal
hypertension RAAS pathway (renin-angiotensin-aldo
sterone system)
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Polygenic Renal and Endocrine Hypertension
RAAS pathway inappropriate renin
release Angiotensinogen ? Angiotensin 1 ?
Angiotensin 2 Angitensinogen mutations on
chr.1 ? increased Ang production
renin
ACE
Inappropriate release of a hormone e.g.
epinephrine
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Take Home Message

• Multiple Types of HT exist
• Multiple genetic causes of each HT type

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Bibliography
Cooper. R. S et al, Feb 1999, The Puzzle of
Hypertension in African-Americans, Scientific
American, Feb 1999 issue, pgs 41-42 Germann. W.
J et al, 2002, Human Physiology, Benjamin
Cummings San Francisco, pg 450 Naber. C. K, Oct
2004, Genetics of human arterial hypertension,
Minerva Med, Vol 95 N 5, pg pg 350