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MMPI2 Restructured Clinical Scales RC Scales

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VRIN or TRIN 80. F or F(p) 100. Fb 110. L 80. K 75. MMPI-2. Good ... The extent to which a measurement method accurately represents a ... Convergent and ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: MMPI2 Restructured Clinical Scales RC Scales


1
MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical Scales(RC) Scales
  • William P. Wattles
  • Francis Marion University

2
Invalid protocols
  • Cannot say gt30
  • VRIN or TRIN 80
  • F or F(p) 100
  • Fb 110
  • L 80
  • K 75

3
MMPI-2
  • Good for measuring
  • Personality characteristics
  • Behavioral tendencies
  • Emotional functioning
  • Psychopathology symptoms

4
Problem MMPI-2 Clinical Scales highly
intercorrelated
  • Hinders construct validity
  • Empirical keying
  • convergent
  • Discriminant
  • Current Techniques
  • Code types
  • Harris Lingoes scales
  • Supplementary scales

5
Construct Validity
  • The extent to which a measurement method
    accurately represents a construct and produces an
    observation distinct from that produced by a
    measure of another construct.

6
Convergent and discriminant validity
  • Convergent and discriminant validity are both
    considered subcategories or subtypes of construct
    validity.

7
Convergent and discriminant validity
  • In general we want convergent correlations to be
    as high as possible and discriminant ones to be
    as low as possible.

8
Discriminant validity
  • To establish discriminant validity,  you need to
    show that measures that should not be related are
    in reality not related. 

9
Convergent Validity
  • To establish convergent validity, you need to
    show that measures that should be related are in
    reality related.
  • Thus, those with elevated scale 4 have been shown
    to have more arrests.

10
(No Transcript)
11
Problem MMPI-2 Clinical Scales significant item
overlap
  • The average number of overlapping items per pair
    of the ten clinical sales is 6.4 items.
  • Examples
  • 7-8 (17)
  • 2-7 (13)
  • 2-3 (13)
  • 6-8 (13)
  • 4-0 (11)

12
Problem MMPI-2 Clinical Scales highly
intercorrelated
  • A factor called anxiety, general maladjustment or
    emotion distress explains much of the variance
    among scales.

13
Floating profiles.
  • Intercorrelations result in most or all scales
    being elevated making it difficult to determine
    which scale to focus on.

14
Demoralization Scale (RCd)
  • This factor is removed from the other scales
  • Items selected for relevancy to core of each
    scale
  • Items selected for
  • Convergence, high correlation with scale
  • Discrimination, low correlations with other
    scales.

15
Restructured Scales
16
Intercorrelations
  • Page 157
  • Intercorrelations are reduced.
  • For example
  • Scale 1 and Scale 2 .56
  • Scale RC1 and RC2 .27
  • Scale 7 and Scale 2 .65
  • RC7 and RC2 .31

17
MMPI-2 RESTRUCTURED CLINICAL SCALES PROFILE
18
Clinical Scale 2
  • After demoralization is removed a low positive
    emotionality component emerged.
  • Consistent with theories seeing this as the core
    of depression.

19
Clinical Scale 3
  • When RCd removed 3 components left
  • Somatization
  • Extraversion
  • Naivete
  • Naivete negatively correlated with psychopathology

20
RC scales evaluation
  • They show convergent validity equal to or
    superior to the clinical scales and the content
    scales.
  • They often offer a substantial improvement over
    clinical scales discriminant validity. (not being
    significantly correlated to unrelated
    characteristics.)
  • The RC scales provide a more clearly focused
    assessment of the primary distinctive components
    of the Clinical Scales.

21
Interpretation of RC scales
  • RC scale tells about elevations in the core
    construct.
  • Clinical scale may include other characteristics
    as well

22
RCd Demorilization
  • High scores (T65)
  • Discouraged
  • Poor self-esteem
  • Pessimistic
  • Expect to fail
  • Overwhelmed
  • incapable

23
RC1 Somatic complaints
  • High scores (T65)
  • Large number of physical complaints
  • Chronic pain
  • Preoccupied with bodily functions
  • Resistant to psychological explanations
  • Develop physical symptoms in response to
    psychological difficulties

24
RC2 Low Positive Emotions
  • High scores (T65)
  • Lack of positive emotional engagement in life
  • Lack energy
  • Difficulty taking charge or making decisions
  • Inroverted, passive, withdrawn
  • Bored isolated
  • Low expectations of success

25
RC3 Cynicism
  • High scores (T65)
  • See others as
  • untrustworthy
  • Uncaring
  • exploitive
  • Low scores (40)
  • Naïve
  • Gullible
  • Overly trusting

26
RC4 Antisocial Behavior
  • High scores (T65)
  • Difficult to conform to societal norms
  • Difficulties with the law
  • Increased risk for substance abuse
  • Aggressive
  • Conflictual relationships
  • Seen as critical, argumentative, angry,
    antagonistic.
  • Problems in school and work

27
RC6 Ideas of persecution
  • High scores (T65)
  • Feel targeted, controlled and victimized by
    others.
  • Suspicious, difficulty trusting

28
RC7 Dysfunctional Negative Emotions
  • High scores (T65)
  • Anxiety and irritability
  • Often have intrusive, unwanted thoughts
  • Insecure
  • Sensitive to perceived criticism
  • Ruminate and brood about failures
  • Passive and submissive in relationships

29
RC8 Aberrant experiences
  • High scores (T65)
  • Sensory, perceptual, cognitive, and motor
    disturbances suggestive of psychosis.
  • Hallucinations
  • Delusions
  • Scores above 75 suggest schizophrenia, delusional
    disorder.

30
RC9 Hypomanic activation
  • High scores (T65)
  • Thought racing
  • High energy levels
  • Heightened mood irritability
  • Aggressive, poor impulse control
  • Sensation seekers, risk takers
  • Above 75 suggest bipolar, manic episode
  • 60-70 extraverted with energy

31
Validity
  • The restructured clinical scales provide the most
    parsimonious assessment of psychopathic
    personality traits.

32
Incremental Validity
  • Some overlap of present content and supplementary
    scales.
  • RC1 Correlates .95 with health concerns
  • RC3 correlates .93 with cynicism content scale
  • RCd correlates .95 with Welshs Anxiety Scale

33
Summary
  • The RC scales represent a modest psychometric
    improvement over the standard clinical scales
  • Partial success at removing nonspecific distress
    variance makes profiles easier to interpret
  • New scales need no data for interpretation
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