3.1 Igneous rock : magma - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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3.1 Igneous rock : magma

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?????????????? ?????? diamond zircon garnet tourmaline chrysoberyl spinel topaz quartz ... ?????????????? ???? rhodochrosite amethyst topaz ????????????????? emerald ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: 3.1 Igneous rock : magma


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(No Transcript)
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3.1 ???????????????? (Igneous rock)
???????????????????????????????? ??????
?????????????????(magma) ????????
3
????????????? extrusive rock
??????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????? basalt ??????
diamond
pyroxene
fire opal
ruby
peridot
?????????????????????????????????? ????????
????????????? (primary gemstone)
4
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????? ???????? ??????????????? (secondary
gemstone)
agate ????????????? geode
agate ????????????????????????????????
5
???? ?????????????????????????????????????????????
?? ???????????????????? 200 km. ?????????
???????????? kimberlite ??????????????????????????
?? ????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????? ???????? kimberlite pipe
6
????????????? intrusive rock
???????????????????????????????????????
extrusive ???????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
? (placer deposit)
???????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????? ?????? pegmatite
?????????? pocket ???????????????????????
???????? ??????? ??????????????? ????????
??????????????????? (naturals jewel box)
7
?? Pegmatite pocket ????????????????? ??????
red beryl
yellow beryl
emerald
  • beryl
  • (??????????????)

green beryl
aquamarine
morganite
8
  • Tourmaline
  • (???????????????????)

9
  • Topaz
  • (????????????)
  • Spodumene
  • (???????????)
  • Apatite
  • (????????????)
  • Chrysoberyl
  • (???????????????????)

10
  • Quartz
  • (SiO2)
  • Feldspar
  • (SiO2)

11
3.2 ???????????????? (sedimentary rock)
???????? ??????????????(secondary deposit)
  • elluvial deposit ???????????????????????????
    ???????????????????????????
  • alluvial deposit ???? placer deposit
    ??????????????????????????????????
    ??????????????????????????????

12
??????????????????????????? ??????????? ?????
?.?. ?????????????? ?????? diamond zircon
garnet tourmaline chrysoberyl spinel
topaz quartz
diamond
ruby
13
3.3 ??????????????(metamorphic rock)
?????? ??????????????????????????????????????????
?????? ?????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????? ????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????
  • ?????????????????? (regional metamorphism) ??
    ruby sapphire garnet chrysoberyl iolite
    kyanite ??????????????????????????????????????????
    ??

ruby
garnet
kyanite
14
  • ??????????????????? (contact metamorphism)
    ??????????????? ????????????????????????????
    magma ???????????????????? ??????????????????????
    magma ?????????????????? ????????????????????
    ????????????????? beryl garnet ruby sapphire
    spinel axinite ??? lazurite

emerald
blue sapphire
demantoid garnet
15
?????????????????
??????? 2 ?????? ???
  • ?????????????????????? (hydrothermal)
    ????????????????(vein) ???????????????????????????
    ??? ??????????????????(ore) ???? ??? ????
    ?????? ??????? ????? ??????????????????????????
    ???????? ???? rhodochrosite amethyst topaz
    ????????????????? emerald ?????????????????????
    Columbia ??? Afghanistan ?? emerald
    ?????????????????????????????

emerald
calcite
16
  • ?????????????????????????????????????(surfac
    e water) ??????????????????????? CO2
    ??????????? ??????????????????????
    ??????????????????????????????????
    ???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????
    ?? ??????????????????????????????? ????? opal
    malachite rhodochrosite turquoise agate
    amethyst

17
??????????????????????
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