Andean Community South American Nations Community Ecuador and the Integration Process

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Andean CommunitySouth American Nations
CommunityEcuador and the Integration Process

• New Delhi, March 28th, 2007
• India International Centre

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(No Transcript)
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Andean Community
Background and Stages of formation

• 1965-1995 Model of Import Substitution
• Construction and consolidation of domestic
  industry
• 1995-2004 Open Regionalism and Free Trade
• New Institutions
• Establishment of Tariff Preference Zone
• 2004 Integration for 21st Century
• South American Union
• New objectives

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Open Regionalism
The new Andean Institution
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Meetings of State Ministers

• Culture (Cultural Industries)
• Social Development (Social Agenda)
• Finance (Customs)
• Environment (Andean Subtropical Strategy)
• Interior (Security Peace, Migration, Drug
  Control)
• Agriculture (Common Agricultural Policy)
• Tourism (The route of Inca)

• Defense (Recognized Budget)
• Offices of the Ombudsmen
• Health (HIV Program)
• Energy (Peru-Ecuador)
• Rights of Indigenous People
• Corruption (Decision on Corruption)
• Disaster Management
• Infrastructure
• Prosecutor

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Andean Integration System (SAI)

• Andean Community Court of Justice
• Headquarters Quito, Ecuador
• Only for commercial matters
• 4 Judges
• Andean Parliament
• Headquarters Bogota, Colombia
• General Secretariat
• The representatives of Venezuela, Ecuador and
  Peru are elected directly by the people and those
  of Colombia and Bolivia by the National
  Congresses
• Andean Development Corporation
• Development Bank
• Headquarters Caracas, Venezuela

• Latin American Reserve Fund
• Hipolito Unanue Agreement (Andean Health
  Organization)
• Headquarters Lima, Peru
• Andean University
• Headquarters Sucre, Bolivia
• Branch Quito, Ecuador
• Andean Business Advisory Council
• Andean Labor Advisory Council
• Three syndicates per country
• Simón Rodríguez Agreement

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Transfer of Sovereignty

• The decisions are supranational judicial orders
  and are included in the Law of Andean Republics.
• They are registered in Official Gazette.

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Result of Open Regionalism
Comercio Exterior de Bienes de la CAN, 2006
Exportaciones FOB intracomunitarias
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Result of Open Regionalism
Estimaciones realizadas en base a cifras
oficiales de los países.
Fuente Comunidad Andina, Secretaría General.
Sistema Integrado de Comercio Exterior. Decisión
511.
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Bilateral Trade between Andean Nations and India
Fuente Comunidad Andina
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New objectives of 21st Centurys Integration

• South American Integration
• Unity in Diversity
• Recovery of Natural Resources
• Harmony with the nature
• Major social participation
• Implementation of Andean Charter of Human
  Rights
• Decisions about biodiversity, environment and
  global warming
• Physical Integration with social contents
• Respect for different competition policies and
  characteristics of each country
• Strengthening of Associations of Small
  manufacturers (Andean SME)
• Asymmetry (Especial Differential Treatment )
  for Ecuador and Bolivia
• Reformulation of the Supra nationality
• Dialogue with civil society
• Political and Commercial relations with Europe,
  Asia and Africa

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Conclusion

• New Integration can be constructed only through
  political will in the long run.
• To strengthen the institutions, to coordinate the
  Andean treaties with the national legislations.
• Common foreign policy with Latin American region,
  Asia and Africa and other integration models.
• South American Integration for all.

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South American Nations CommunityCASA
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Basic Characteristics

• Population 361 millions people
• Total Area 17 millions square kilometers
• Exports 181.856 millions USD
• GDP 973613 millions USD
• 27 of fresh water of world
• 8 millions square kilometers of woodland
• Two oceans Pacific and Atlantic
• Hydrocarbon available for 100 years

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Background

• South American Nations Community emerged as a
  result of the Declaration of Cusco - Peru on
  December 8th, 2004.
• Meeting in Brasilia, 2005
• Meeting in Cochabamba, 2006

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Integration Model of 21st Century

• The process of globalization has influenced our
  economies and societies. Therefore, it is
  necessary to build alternatives that can help to
  pick up the growth, the protection of macro
  economic balances, emphasis for distribution of
  rent as an instrument of elimination of social
  exclusion and reduction of poverty and
  discrimination of external vulnerability.
• Regional integration is an alternative to avoid
  the effect of globalization to broaden the
  asymmetries, contributes to the economic, social
  and political marginality and tries to take
  advantage of the opportunities for development.
• South American integration is necessary not only
  to solve the great hindrances that affect the
  region, like poverty, exclusion and social
  inequality, but also as a decisive step to obtain
  a multipolar, equal and just world with peace.
• We aim for a new model of integration of self
  identity, pluralism, diversity and differences
  acknowledging the different political and
  ideological conceptions.
• It is an innovating integration that includes the
  achievements and progress of MERCOSUR, ANDEAN
  community and Chile, Guyana and Surinam.

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Main Guiding Principles of Integration

• Solidarity and Cooperation
• Sovereignty with respect to territorial integrity
  and self-determination of States.
• Implementation of Peace Zone
• Democracy and pluralism
• Human Rights
• Harmony with Nature

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Mechanism for the construction of South American
Integration

• All South American countries can be a part of the
  process and at the same time each country can
  assume the commitments according to its
  solidarity.
• It is a space of consensus and conciliation,
  contribution to the regional stability,
  coordination of regional social policy and the
  valuation of a cultural identity.

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Objectives

• Overcoming the asymmetries for an equitable
  integration. Solution and mechanisms to remove
  the inequalities between countries.
• Its a new South American social contract which
  integrates the trade output with the social
  agenda. It should be expressed in the
  establishment of defined goals of social
  development and in systematic mechanisms of
  evolution.
• Energy integration for the well-being of all.
  Taking into consideration strategies and national
  policies and utilization of energy resources
  those are integral, sustainable and shared in
  common (solidarity).
• Infrastructure for the connectivity of our
  nations. Connectivity for the construction of
  transport and telecommunication network taking
  into consideration social development,
  sustainable economy and preserving the
  environment.
• Economic and Commercial Integration
• South American Financial Integration
• Industrial and Productive Integration
• South American citizenship
• Migration
• Cultural identity
• Cooperation in Environmental matters
• Civil Participation
• Cooperation in Defense matter

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Institutional Mechanisms

• Annual Meetings of Head of the States and
  Governments
• Semester meetings of Foreign Ministers
• Ministerial Meetings according to sectors/areas
• Committee of High Officials
• Pro Tempore Secretariat
• Strategic Committee to study the Integration
  Process

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Conclusion

• Integration process must have a foundation. For
  example the European Economic Community had the
  Association of Coal and Steel.
• The South American Community Nations have IIRSA,
  Energy Integration (Petro Sur), Banco del Sur
  (Foreign Reserves).
• Efforts to integrate the Atlantic Ocean and the
  Pacific Ocean.
• Efforts to integrate with Asia and Africa.
• It looks for the region that has major importance
  in the international agenda and in the
  international forums.

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Ecuador and the Integration Process

• South American Regional Infrastructure
  Integration Initiative (IIRSA) Amazon Hub

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Ecuador and the Integration Process

• Banco Sur, Development Bank 10-20 of reserves
  are of Central Bank.
• Petro Sur Energy Company of the South American
  countries.
• TV Sur Independent channel
• Common currency
• South University

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THANK YOU