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MATERI 6 PERILAKU ORGANISASI

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Pengambilan Keputusan Manajerial yang dilakukan oleh suatu kelompok ... BRAINSTORMING / SYNECTICS. NOMINAL GROUP TECHNIQUE. DELPHI TECHNIQUE. CONSENSUS MAPPING ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: MATERI 6 PERILAKU ORGANISASI


1
MATERI 6PERILAKU ORGANISASI
  • MANAGERIAL DECISION MAKING

2
2 JENIS PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN MANAJERIAL
  • INDIVIDUAL DECISION MAKING
  • Pengambilan Keputusan Manajerial yang dilakukan
    oleh Seorang Manajer.
  • GROUP DECISION MAKING
  • Pengambilan Keputusan Manajerial yang dilakukan
    oleh suatu kelompok atau level manajemen.

3
JENIS MASALAH KEPUTUSAN
  • Masalah Keputusan Terstruktur (Structured
    Problem)
  • - Algoritma Pemecahan Sudah Jelas
  • Masalah Keputusan Tidak Terstruktur (Unstructured
    Problem)
  • - Algoritma Pemecahan Tidak Jelas.

4
LEVEL MANAJEMEN MASALAH KEPUTUSAN
  • TOP Mostly Unstructured Problem
  • MIDDLE Balance
  • LOWER Mostly Structured Problem

5
KARAKTERISTIK KEPUTUSAN EFFEKTIF
  • Quality of the Decision
  • Acceptance of the Decision
  • Ethical Justness of the Decision

6
PROSES PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN (BAZERMAN)
  • Define The Problem
  • Criteria Identification
  • Criteria Weighting
  • Alternative Generation
  • Rating each Alternative
  • Computing the Optimal Decision

7
PROSES PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN (H.SIMON)
  • Intelligent
  • Design
  • Choice
  • Implementation

8
RATIONAL DECISION MAKING
  • Perfectly Defining the Problem
  • Identifying All Criteria
  • Accurately Weighting All Criteria
  • Knowing All Relevant Alternatives
  • Accurately Assessing each Alternatives on each
    Criteria
  • Accurately Choosing The Highest

9
BOUNDED RATIONALITY
  • Lack of Information
  • Time and Cost Constraints
  • Perception Biases
  • Limitation of Usable Memory
  • Intelligent Constraints in Calculating

10
JUDGMENT DALAMKEPUTUSAN MANAJERIAL
  • THE AVAILABILITY HEURISTICS
  • Ketersediaan Informasi dalam memori
  • THE REPRESENTATIVENESS HEURISTICS
  • Kesamaan Masalah
  • ANCHORING ADJUSTMENT HEURISTICS

11
BIAS PENGGUNAAN AVAILABILY HEURISTICS
  • Informasi yang mudah diingat kembali
  • Informasi yang mudah dicari
  • Korelasi Maya (Illusory Correlation)

12
BIAS PENGGUNAANREPRESENTATIVENESS H.
  • Tidak sensitif terhadap kemungkinan suatu hasil
    (outcomes)
  • Tidak sensitif terhadap ukuran sample
  • Miskonsepsi tentang Chance
  • Regresi ke Arah Rata-rata

13
BIAS PENGGUNAAN ANCHORING ADJUSTMENT
  • Adjustment yang tidak memadai
  • Overconfidence
  • Hubungan yang keliru
  • Konfirmasi yang Menjebak

14
STRATEGIES FOR MANAGER
  • Warning about the possibility of bias
  • Describing the direction of the bias
  • Providing a dose of feedback
  • Offering extended program of training to improve
    judgment.

15
ESKALASI NON RASIONAL
  • Eskalasi Bertahan, ngotot
  • Ada 2 Macam
  • The Unilateral Escalation Paradigm
  • Bertahan pada satu keputusan yang keliru, karena
    masih yakin benar
  • The Competitive Escalation Paradigm
  • Bertahan pada satu keputusan yang keliru karena
    tidak mau kalah.

16
SEBAB-SEBAB ESKALASI NON RASIONAL
  • Perceptual Biases
  • Judgmental Biases
  • External Management Safe Face
  • Competitive Irrationality

17
STRATEGIES FOR MANAGER
  • Set limit on your involvement and commitment in
    advance.
  • Avoid looking to other people to see what you
    should do.
  • Actively determine why you are continuing.
  • Remind your self of the cost involved

18
PERTIMBANGANGROUP DECISION MAKING
  • Type of Problem or task
  • Acceptance of Decision
  • Characteristics of Individuals
  • Climate of the Decision Making
  • Amount of time available

19
BENTUK GROUP DECISION MAKING
  • BRAINSTORMING / SYNECTICS
  • NOMINAL GROUP TECHNIQUE
  • DELPHI TECHNIQUE
  • CONSENSUS MAPPING

20
KEUNGGULAN GROUP DECISION MAKING
  • Multiple Knowledge Skills
  • Expedites Acceptance
  • Generally Higher Quality Decision
  • Increase Commitment

21
KELEMAHAN GROUP DECISION MAKING
  • More Time
  • Ignore Individual Expertise
  • Satisfices
  • Encourages Riskier Decision
  • Create Groupthink

22
SYMPTOMS OF GROUPTHINK
  • Stereotypes
  • Pressure
  • Self-Censorship
  • Mindguards
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